施磷对籽用葫芦干物质积累及磷肥吸收的影响
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摘要
以籽用葫芦"瑞丰9号"为试材,设置0、112.5、225.0、337.5kg·hm~(-2) 4个施磷水平(分别为P_0、P_1、P_2、P_3)的田间试验,研究不同施磷水平对籽用葫芦干物质和磷素吸收积累、产量的影响,以期为籽用葫芦大田生产的磷肥施用量提供参考依据。结果表明:与P_0相比,施用磷肥能够促进籽用葫芦各器官和整株对磷素的吸收、积累和干物质的积累,以P_2处理最高,成熟期整株干物质和磷素吸收积累量分别较P_0增加19.5%、23.0%;施磷量的增加能够增加产量,但过量的施肥产量反而降低,尤以P_2处理最高,达到2 079kg·hm~(-2),较P_0增产27.5%。籽用葫芦磷肥的施用要注重果实膨大期和成熟期的供应,结合籽用葫芦产量、磷素吸收和积累特种以及干物质的变化,在该试验同等肥力和栽培环境的条件下,磷肥施用量为112.5~225.0kg·hm~(-2)。
Seed-calabash 'Ruifeng No.9'was used as the test material,applying four rates of P fertilizer,0,112.5,225.0,337.5 kg·hm~(-2)(P_0,P_1,P_2,P_3),respectively,the effects of P fertilization on dry matter accumulation(DMA),P uptake and accumulation(PUA)and synthesized economic yield of seed-calabash was investigated,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the amount of phosphate fertilizer in the field of seed-calabash.The results showed that P application increased dry matter accumulation,uptake and accumulation of seed-calabash for 225.0 kg·hm~(-2) treatment,increasing by19.5%,23.0%compared with no P fertilizer treatment at fruiting stage.The increase in the amount of phosphorus could increase the yield,but the overdose of fertilization could decrease yield.The highest yield of processing 225.0 kg·hm~(-2) treatments was 2 079 kg·hm~(-2) respectively.Compared with no P fertilizer treatment,seed-calabash of 225.0 kg·hm~(-2) treatments increased by 27.5%.Based on synthesized economic yield and P fertilizer efficiency,the recommendation of P fertilizer for seeds with agourd was 112.5~(-2)25.0 kg·hm~(-2) under the climatic condition of the experimental area.
Seed-calabash 'Ruifeng No.9'was used as the test material,applying four rates of P fertilizer,0,112.5,225.0,337.5 kg·hm~(-2)(P_0,P_1,P_2,P_3),respectively,the effects of P fertilization on dry matter accumulation(DMA),P uptake and accumulation(PUA)and synthesized economic yield of seed-calabash was investigated,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the amount of phosphate fertilizer in the field of seed-calabash.The results showed that P application increased dry matter accumulation,uptake and accumulation of seed-calabash for 225.0 kg·hm~(-2) treatment,increasing by19.5%,23.0%compared with no P fertilizer treatment at fruiting stage.The increase in the amount of phosphorus could increase the yield,but the overdose of fertilization could decrease yield.The highest yield of processing 225.0 kg·hm~(-2) treatments was 2 079 kg·hm~(-2) respectively.Compared with no P fertilizer treatment,seed-calabash of 225.0 kg·hm~(-2) treatments increased by 27.5%.Based on synthesized economic yield and P fertilizer efficiency,the recommendation of P fertilizer for seeds with agourd was 112.5~(-2)25.0 kg·hm~(-2) under the climatic condition of the experimental area.
引文
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[18]李冬梅,魏珉,张海森,等.氮、磷、钾用量和配比对温室黄瓜叶片相关代谢酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(3):382-387.
[19]姚玉敏.不同栽培基质和磷钾水平对甜瓜生长发育、品质和风味物质的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2009.
[2]胡国智,冯炯鑫,张炎,等.施肥对甜瓜生长、养分吸收及产量品质的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(8):1445-1450.
[3]张少民,白灯莎·买买提艾力,孙良斌,等.不同施磷方式对盐碱地棉花苗期生长和产量的影响[J].中国棉花,2013,40(12):21-23.
[4]孙恒,胡强,陈骏飞,等.磷肥施用量对玉米产量、土壤无机磷及磷肥利用率的影响[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(7):62-64,68.
[5]赵亚丽,杨春收,王群,等.磷肥施用深度对夏玉米产量和养分吸收的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(23):4805-4813.
[6]彭正萍,张家铜,袁硕,等.不同供磷水平对玉米干物质和磷动态积累及分配的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(4):793-798.
[7]张亚洁,华晶晶,李亚超,等.种植方式和磷素水平互作对陆稻和水稻产量及磷素利用的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(8):1423-1431.
[8]吴冬婷,张晓雪,龚振平,等.磷素营养对大豆磷素吸收及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):670-677.
[9]陈波浪,盛建东,蒋平安,等.磷肥种类和用量对土壤磷素有效性和棉花产量的影响[J].棉花学报,2010,22(1):49-56.
[10]吕永华,高淑涛,郭庆荣,等.土壤水分状况与烤烟生长及磷肥利用的关系[J].中国烟草科学,2006(1):45-47.
[11]薛亮,马忠明,杜少平.沙漠绿洲灌区甜瓜氮磷钾用量优化模式研究[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(2):303-313.
[12]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008(5):915-924.
[13]辛承松,董合忠,罗振,等.黄河三角洲盐渍土棉花施用氮、磷、钾肥的效应研究[J].作物学报,2010,36(10):1698-1706.
[14]王伟妮,鲁剑巍,鲁明星,等.湖北省早、中、晚稻施钾增产效应及钾肥利用率研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(5):1058-1065.
[15]卜容燕,任涛,鲁剑巍,等.水稻-油菜轮作条件下磷肥效应研究[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(6):1227-1234.
[16]曲扬,高妙真,耿立清.磷素水平对甜菜干物质积累与分配的影响[J].中国甜菜糖业,2002(1):12-13.
[17]陈远学,李汉邯,周涛,等.施磷对间套作玉米叶面积指数、干物质积累分配及磷肥利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(10):2799-2806.
[18]李冬梅,魏珉,张海森,等.氮、磷、钾用量和配比对温室黄瓜叶片相关代谢酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(3):382-387.
[19]姚玉敏.不同栽培基质和磷钾水平对甜瓜生长发育、品质和风味物质的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2009.