W-(Ni-Cr-Fe-Si-B)混合粉末中间层真空扩散钎焊连接钨与钢
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摘要
以高能球磨态90W-10(Ni-Cr-Fe-Si-B)(质量分数,%)混合粉末为钎料中间层,分别采用1000、1050和1100℃,均保温60 min并加压5 MPa的工艺参数,对纯钨(W)和0Cr13Al钢进行真空扩散钎焊连接。利用激光粒度分析仪、SEM、EDS和电子万能试验机等研究混合粉末形态、接头的微观组织、成分、力学性能及断口特征。结果表明:接头中的混合粉末中间层通过液相烧结过程,实现钨与钢的扩散钎焊连接,并在接头中生成均匀致密的钨基高密度合金层。高能球磨制备混合粉末对钨基高密度合金层压力下的均匀化与致密化生成具有关键作用。连接温度越高,钨基高密度合金层的液相烧结组织特征越明显。钨/钢接头剪切强度在125~130 MPa之间,断裂均发生在钨基高密度合金层/钨母材的结合区,断口主要呈现为钨母材的脆性沿晶断裂和钨基高密度合金层粘结相与钨颗粒相的韧性脱离断裂。
Vacuum diffusion brazing between tungsten(W) and 0Cr13Al steel using 90W-10(Ni-Cr-Fe-Si-B)(mass fraction, %) powder mixture interlayer prepared by high energy ball milling, was carried out with 5 MPa at 1000, 1050 and 1100 ℃ for 60 min, respectively. The morphology of powder mixture was studied by laser particle size analyzer and SEM. The microstructures, composition and fracture characteristics of the joints were studied by SEM, EDS and the shear strength of the joints were tested by electronic universal testing machine. The results show that the tungsten heavy alloy layer forms on the tungsten matrix through 90W-10(Ni-Cr-Fe-Si-B) mixed powder liquid phase sintering, and good bonding between tungsten and steel is realized based on diffusion brazing mechanism. High energy ball milling plays key role in densification and homogenization of tungsten heavy alloy layer. At higher bonding temperature, the liquid phase sintering microstructure characteristics of the tungsten heavy alloy layer is more obvious. The shear strength of joints is between 125-130 MPa. The fractures all occur near the interface of tungsten matrix and tungsten heavy alloy layer, the former fracture is brittle intergranular fracture, while the latter fracture is ductile interface debonding fracture between tungsten phase and Ni-rich phase.
Vacuum diffusion brazing between tungsten(W) and 0Cr13Al steel using 90W-10(Ni-Cr-Fe-Si-B)(mass fraction, %) powder mixture interlayer prepared by high energy ball milling, was carried out with 5 MPa at 1000, 1050 and 1100 ℃ for 60 min, respectively. The morphology of powder mixture was studied by laser particle size analyzer and SEM. The microstructures, composition and fracture characteristics of the joints were studied by SEM, EDS and the shear strength of the joints were tested by electronic universal testing machine. The results show that the tungsten heavy alloy layer forms on the tungsten matrix through 90W-10(Ni-Cr-Fe-Si-B) mixed powder liquid phase sintering, and good bonding between tungsten and steel is realized based on diffusion brazing mechanism. High energy ball milling plays key role in densification and homogenization of tungsten heavy alloy layer. At higher bonding temperature, the liquid phase sintering microstructure characteristics of the tungsten heavy alloy layer is more obvious. The shear strength of joints is between 125-130 MPa. The fractures all occur near the interface of tungsten matrix and tungsten heavy alloy layer, the former fracture is brittle intergranular fracture, while the latter fracture is ductile interface debonding fracture between tungsten phase and Ni-rich phase.
引文
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[15]池永恒,张瑞杰,方伟,杨诗棣,曲选辉.W-Cu液相烧结体系致密化行为的模拟[J].中国有色金属学报,2014,24(2):416-423.CHI Yong-heng,ZHANG Rui-jie,FANG Wei,YANG Shi-di,QU Xuan-hui.Simulation of densification process of W-Cu system during liquid-phase sintering[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2014,24(2):416-423.
[16]杨宗辉,沈以赴,李晓泉.自生成钨基高密度合金中间层的钨/钢真空扩散连接[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(4):58-63.YANG Zong-hui,SHEN Yi-fu,LI Xiao-quan.Diffusion bonding tungsten to steel in vacuum with tungsten heavy alloy interlayer formed on tungsten surface[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(4):58-63.
[17]邹贵生,吴爱萍,任家烈,杨俊,李晓宁,梁陈剑.含金属间化合物的Al基合金半固态加压连接Si3N4陶瓷[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2002,42(11):1433-1435.ZOU Gui-sheng,WU Ai-ping,REN Jia-lie,YANG Jun,LI Xiao-ning,LIANG Chen-jian.Semi-solid state pressure bonding of Si3N4 ceramics with Al-based alloys containing intermetallic compounds[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2002,42(11):1433-1435.
[2]JAKSIC N,GREUNER H,HERRMANN A,B?SWIRTH B,VORBRUGG S.Results of high heat flux tests and structural analysis of the new solid tungsten divertor tile for ASDEX upgrade[J].Fusion Engineering&Design,2015,98/99:1333-1336.
[3]NORAJITRA P,GERVASH A,GINIYATULIN R,HIRAI T,JANESCHITZ G,KRAUSS W.Helium-cooled divertor for DEMO:Manufacture and high heat flux tests of tungsten-based mock-ups[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2009,386(2):813-816.
[4]刘文胜,刘书华,马运柱,蔡青山,刘昊阳,余强,伍镭.基于镍基微晶钎料的钨/钢真空焊接接头的组织及性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2014,24(12):3051-3058.LIU Wen-sheng,LIU Shu-hua,MA Yun-zhu,CAI Qing-shan,LIU Hao-yang,YU Qiang,WU Lei.Microstructure and properties of tungsten/steel joint brazed with Ni-based foil-type filler[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2014,24(12):3051-3058.
[5]ZHONG Z H,HINOKI T,NOZAWA T,PARK Y H,KOHYAMA A.Microstructure and mechanical properties of diffusion bonded joints between tungsten and F82H steel using a titanium interlayer[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2010,489(2):545-551.
[6]BASUKI WW,AKTAA J.Investigation of tungsten/EUUROFER97 diffusion bonding using Nb interlayer[J].Fusion Engineering and Design,2011,86(9/11):2585-2588.
[7]马运柱,王艳艳,刘文胜,蔡青山.扩散焊接钨/钒/钢体系的界面结构及力学性能[J].焊接学报,2013,34(12):17-20.MA Yun-zhu,WANG Yan-yan,LIU Wen-sheng,CAI Qing-shan.Interface microstructure and mechanical properties of diffusion bonded joints between tungsten and ferritic steel with vanadium interlayer[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2013,34(12):17-20.
[8]马运柱,刘昊阳,刘文胜,蔡青山,余强,刘书华,伍镭.扩散焊接钨/钢接头残余应力的数值模拟[J].中国有色金属学报,2014,24(9):2280-2285.MA Yun-zhu,LIU Hao-yang,LIU Wen-sheng,CAI Qing-shan,Yu Qiang,LIU Shu-hua,WU Lei.Numerical simulation of residual stress in tungsten/steel diffusion bonded joints[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2014,24(9):2280-2285.
[9]BASUKI W W,AKTAA J.Process optimization for diffusion bonding of tungsten with EUROFER97 using a vanadium interlayer[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2015,459:217-224.
[10]MUNEZ C J,GARRIDO M A,RAMS J,URE?A A.Experimental study of W-Eurofer laser brazing for divertor application[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2011,418(1/3):239-248.
[11]郭双全.面向等离子体材料钨与热沉材料的连接技术[D].成都:西南交通大学,2011:80-100.GUO Shuang-quan.Study on joining of tungsten as plasma facing materials with heat sink materials[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2011:80-100.
[12]KALIN B A,FEDOTOV V T,SEVRJUKOV O N,MOESLANG A,ROHDE M.Development of rapidly quenched brazing foils to join tungsten alloys with ferritic steel[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials B,2004,329/333:1544-1548.
[13]OONO N,NOH S,IWATA N,NAGASAKA T,KASADA R,KIMURA A.Microstructures of brazed and solid-state diffusion bonded joints of tungsten with oxide dispersion strengthened steel[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2011,417(1/3):253-256.
[14]KALIN B A,FEDOTOV V T,SEVRJUKOV O N,KALASHNIKOV A N,SUCHKOV A N,MOESLANG A,ROHDE M.Development of brazing foils to join monocrystalline tungsten alloys with ODS-EUROFER steel[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2007,367(4):1218-1222.
[15]池永恒,张瑞杰,方伟,杨诗棣,曲选辉.W-Cu液相烧结体系致密化行为的模拟[J].中国有色金属学报,2014,24(2):416-423.CHI Yong-heng,ZHANG Rui-jie,FANG Wei,YANG Shi-di,QU Xuan-hui.Simulation of densification process of W-Cu system during liquid-phase sintering[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2014,24(2):416-423.
[16]杨宗辉,沈以赴,李晓泉.自生成钨基高密度合金中间层的钨/钢真空扩散连接[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(4):58-63.YANG Zong-hui,SHEN Yi-fu,LI Xiao-quan.Diffusion bonding tungsten to steel in vacuum with tungsten heavy alloy interlayer formed on tungsten surface[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(4):58-63.
[17]邹贵生,吴爱萍,任家烈,杨俊,李晓宁,梁陈剑.含金属间化合物的Al基合金半固态加压连接Si3N4陶瓷[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2002,42(11):1433-1435.ZOU Gui-sheng,WU Ai-ping,REN Jia-lie,YANG Jun,LI Xiao-ning,LIANG Chen-jian.Semi-solid state pressure bonding of Si3N4 ceramics with Al-based alloys containing intermetallic compounds[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2002,42(11):1433-1435.