微波场中铜粉烧结颈形成和晶粒长大动力学
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摘要
研究了球形铜粉烧结颈形成和晶粒长大过程中的物质迁移机制,分析微波混合加热条件下铜粉及其压坯的烧结动力学。结果表明:在微波混合加热条件下,铜粉烧结颈的形成和晶粒长大方式均以体扩散为主;烧结颈形成阶段的扩散激活能为256 k J/mol,与纯微波烧结和传统加热方式一致;晶粒长大阶段的扩散激活能为89.8 k J/mol,介于单模腔和多模腔纯微波烧结的中间,而远低于常规烧结时的扩散激活能。
The mechanism of atomic transfer during the formation of neck and grain growth of spherical copper powders in the microwave mixing heating mode were investigated,and the sintering kinetics of the copper powder and its compacted billet under microwave mixing sintering was analyzed. The results show that the body diffusion mechanism dominates the formation and grain growth of sinter neck of the copper powder under microwave mixing heating,the diffusion activation energy in the sintering neck formation stage is about 256 k J/mol which is consistent with that of the conventional powder sintering and the single microwave sintering. The diffusion activation energy in grain growth stage is 89. 8 k J/mol,which is between the pure microwave sintering of single-mode cavity and that of multi-mode cavity,and much lower than that of conventional sintering.
The mechanism of atomic transfer during the formation of neck and grain growth of spherical copper powders in the microwave mixing heating mode were investigated,and the sintering kinetics of the copper powder and its compacted billet under microwave mixing sintering was analyzed. The results show that the body diffusion mechanism dominates the formation and grain growth of sinter neck of the copper powder under microwave mixing heating,the diffusion activation energy in the sintering neck formation stage is about 256 k J/mol which is consistent with that of the conventional powder sintering and the single microwave sintering. The diffusion activation energy in grain growth stage is 89. 8 k J/mol,which is between the pure microwave sintering of single-mode cavity and that of multi-mode cavity,and much lower than that of conventional sintering.
引文
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[2]Upadhyaya A,Tiwari S K,Mishra P.Microwave sintering of W-Ni-Fe alloy[J].Scripta Materialia,2007,56:5-8.
[3]周承商,易健宏,罗述东,等.W-Ni-Fe高密度合金的微波烧结[J].中国有色金属学报,2009,19(9):1601-1607.ZHOU Cheng-shang,YI Jian-hong,LUO Shu-dong,et al.Microwave sintering of W-Ni-Fe heavy alloys[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2009,19(9):1601-1607.
[4]张剑平,张萌,艾云龙,等.Ti B2含量对微波烧结Ti B2/Cu复合材料组织和磨损性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(5):25-29.ZHANG Jian-ping,ZHANG Meng,AI Yun-long,et al.Influence of Ti B2contents on microstructure and wear performance of Ti B2/Cu composites fabricated by microwave sintering[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2013,34(5):25-29.
[5]Ertugrul O,Park H S,Onel K,et al.Effect of particle size and heating rate in microwave sintering of 316L stainless steel[J].Powder Technology,2014,253:703-709.
[6]Suhrit M,Panigrahi J,kang P C,et al.Effect of microwave sintering over vacuum and conventional sintering of Cu based nanocomposites[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2014,588:710-715.
[7]Upadhyaya A,Sethi G.Effect of heating mode on the densification and microstructural homogenization response of premixed bronze[J].Scripta Materialia,2007,56(6):469-472.
[8]Rajkumar K,Aravindan S.Tribological studies on microwave sintered copper-carbon nanotube composite[J].Wear,2011,270(9/10):613-621.
[9]Breval E,Cheng J P,Agrawal D K,et al.Comparison between microwave and conventional sintering of WC/Co composites[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2005,391(1/2):285-295.
[10]Anklekar R M,Bauer K,Agrawal D K,et al.Improved mechanical properties and microstructural development of microwave sintered copper and nickel steel PM parts[J].Powder Metall,2005,48(1):39-46.
[11]左兰兰,陈艳,王远鑫.微波场中铜粉烧结行为的初步研究[J].安徽工业大学学报,2008,25(2):117-119.ZUO Lan-lan,CHEN Yan,WANG Yuan-xin.Research on the sintering of copper powder under microwave irradiation[J].Journal of Anhui University Technology,2008,25(2):117-119.
[12]Demirskyi D,Agrawal D,Ragulya A.Neck growth kinetics during microwave sintering of copper[J].Scripta Materialia,2010,62(8):552-555.
[13]Demirskyi D,Agrawal D,Ragulya A.Densification kinetics of powdered copper under single-mode and multimode microwave sintering[J].Materials Letters,2010,64(13):1433-1436.
[14]张剑平,张萌,何文.微波烧结镀铜Ti B2增强铜基复合材料的膨胀性能[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2015,44(6):1446-1450ZHANG Jian-ping,ZHANG Meng,HE Wen.Expansion properties of the copperized Ti B2reinforced copper matrix composites fabricated by microwave sintering[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2015,44(6):1446-1450
[15]Kang S J L.Sintering,Densification,Grain Growth,and Microstructure[M].Burlington:Elsevier Butterworth-Heimemann,2005:42-52
[16]果世驹.粉末烧结理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1998.
[17]姚强,邢辉,孟丽君,等.Ti B2和Ti B弹性性质的理论计算[J].中国有色金属学报,2007,17(8):1297-1301.YAO Qiang,XING Hui,MENG Li-jun,et al.Theoretical calculation of elastic properties of Ti B2 and Ti B[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2007,17(8):1297-1301.
[18]Butrymowicz Daniel B,Manning John R,Read Michael E.Diffusion in copper alloys:Part 1.Volume and surface self-diffusion in copper[J].Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data,1973,2(3):643-655.