碳酸盐岩储层单点高密度采集三维地震勘探实例
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摘要
随着塔里木盆地缝洞型碳酸盐岩精细勘探的不断发展,迫切需要高信噪比、高分辨率的地震资料。在塔里木油田哈拉哈塘X工区进行了陆上单点高密度地震采集试验,实现了超万道全数字单点检波器接收高密度三维地震采集,提高了采集数据的连续性和均匀性,且在施工前建立了精细表层结构模型,保证了采集数据质量。本次地震处理更加有针对性,基于面波反演的地滚波压制技术和非规则相干噪声压制技术有效地解决了高密度地震数据的去噪问题;稳健地表一致性反褶积技术更好地解决了低信噪比的反褶积问题,还可以提高大数据的计算效率;炮检距向量片(OVT)域数据规则化技术解决了单次覆盖剖面的空道问题,进一步提高了地震数据的空间一致性;深度域精细速度建模保证了碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层的精确成像。单点高密度地震采集、处理一体化研究大幅度提高了研究区的地震资料质量,获得了高信噪比、高分辨率的最终成果数据,为缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层的勘探开发奠定了良好的基础。
With the development of fracture-vuggy carbonate reservoir exploration in Tarim Basin,we demand urgently high SNR,high-resolution seismic data.A single-point high-density 3Dseismic acquisition test with over ten thousand channels was carried out in HaLaHaTang area of Tarim Oilfield,which improved the continuity and uniformity of collected data.Before that,a fine surface structure construction model is built to ensure the quality of the data collected.During the seismic data processing for this project,the denosing of high-density seismic data is effectively accomplished by the ground roll suppression technology by surface wave inversion and irregular coherent noise suppression technology.The robust surface consistent deconvolution technology better achieves the deconvolution of low SNR data and improves the calculation efficiency of massive data.The blank tracks caused by single fold was eliminated by data regularization in offset vector tile(OVT)domain,meanwhile the spatial consistency of seismic data was enhanced.The refine velocity modeling in depth domain ensured the precise imaging of fracture-vuggy carbonate reservoir.The integration of single-point high-density seismic data acquisition and processing provides high SNR,high-resolution seismic data,which greatly contributes to the exploration and development of fracture-vuggy carbonate reservoir.
With the development of fracture-vuggy carbonate reservoir exploration in Tarim Basin,we demand urgently high SNR,high-resolution seismic data.A single-point high-density 3Dseismic acquisition test with over ten thousand channels was carried out in HaLaHaTang area of Tarim Oilfield,which improved the continuity and uniformity of collected data.Before that,a fine surface structure construction model is built to ensure the quality of the data collected.During the seismic data processing for this project,the denosing of high-density seismic data is effectively accomplished by the ground roll suppression technology by surface wave inversion and irregular coherent noise suppression technology.The robust surface consistent deconvolution technology better achieves the deconvolution of low SNR data and improves the calculation efficiency of massive data.The blank tracks caused by single fold was eliminated by data regularization in offset vector tile(OVT)domain,meanwhile the spatial consistency of seismic data was enhanced.The refine velocity modeling in depth domain ensured the precise imaging of fracture-vuggy carbonate reservoir.The integration of single-point high-density seismic data acquisition and processing provides high SNR,high-resolution seismic data,which greatly contributes to the exploration and development of fracture-vuggy carbonate reservoir.
引文
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[14]韩文功,于静,张怀榜,等.干扰波调查方法在高密度地震采集中的应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(5):500-507HAN W G,YU J,ZHANG H B,et al.Application of interference wave investigation methods in highdensity seismic acuqistion[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(5):500-507
[15]刘远志,刘胜,张志锋,等.全数字单点采集技术在四川盆地的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(5):829-838LIU Y Z,LIU S,ZHANG Z F,et al.Point receiver acquisition with single digital sensor in Sichuan Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(5):-838
[16]吕明岩,查文锋.全数字高密度地震勘探在长子地区的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2013,34(6):702-705LV M Y,ZHA W F.Application of all-digital highdensity seismic exploration in Changzhi Area,Shanxi Province[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2013,34(6):702-705
[17]张怀.UniQ地震采集系统在四川盆地的应用[J].物探装备,2014,24(4):223-226ZHANG H.Application of UniQ seismic acquisition system in Sichuan Basin[J].Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting,2014,24(4):223-226
[18]SERGEY K.UniQ-integrated point-receiver land seismic system[EB/OL].[2012-10-31]http:∥www.slb.com/~/media/Files/westerngeco/resources/other/wg_uniq_gac_ps.pdf
[19]STROBBIA C,VERMEER P L,Laake A,et al.Surface waves:processing,inversion,and attenuation[J].First Break,2010,28(8):85-91
[20]HOOTMAN B W.Robust surface-consistent deconvolution:creating inversion ready land data[J].Expanded Abstracts of 73rd EAGE Conference and Exhibition,2011:211-214
[2]夏新宇,陶士振.中国海相碳酸盐岩油气田的现状和若干特征[J].海相油气地质,2000,1(5):1-2XIA X Y,TAO S Z.Situation and features of Chinese marine carbonate oil and gas fields[J].Marine Origin Petroleun Geology,2000,1(5):1-2
[3]李凡异,魏建新,狄帮让,等.碳酸盐岩溶洞的“串珠”状地震反射特征形成机理研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(3):385-391LI F Y,WEI J X,DI B R,et al.Formation mechanism research for bead-like seismic reflection of carbonate caves[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(3):385-391
[4]张军林,田世澄,郑多明.塔北隆起西部缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层表征与评价[J].物探与化探,2014,38(3):497-503ZHANG J L,TIAN S C,ZHENG D M.Characterization and evaluation of fracture cavity type carbonate reservoir in the western part of Northern Tarim uplift[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2014,38(3):497-503
[5]张军林,田世澄,郑多明.裂缝型储层地震属性预测方法研究与应用[J].石油天然气学报,2013,35(3):79-84ZHANG J L,TIAN S C,ZHENG D M.Seismic attribute predication method for fractured reservoirs[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2013,35(3):79-84
[6]蔡希源,韩文功,于静,等.罗家地区高密度三维地震勘探实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(2):182-186CAI X Y,HAN W G,YU J,et al.A high density 3D seismic acquisition case in Luojia area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(2):182-186
[7]曹务祥.单道接收地震资料的室内组合方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6):615-618CAO W X.Indoor array for unite single trace receiving seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(6):615-618
[8]孙成禹,孙甜甜,彭洪超,等.单点地震数据的一致性组合叠加方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(1):23-28SUN C Y,SUN T T,PENG H C,et al.Consistent array stacking method for single point seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(1):23-28
[9]杨照海,凡正才,赵前华.单点数字检波器道组合技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2):88-93YANG Z H,FAN Z C,ZHAO Q H.Overlapping technique of single point digital geophone[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(2):88-93
[10]王梅生,胡永贵,王秋成,等.高密度地震数据采集中参数选取方法探讨[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(6):404-408WANG M S,HU Y G,WANG Q C,et al.Parameter selection in high-density seismic acquisition[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32(6):404-408
[11]钱荣钧.关于地震采集空间采样密度和均匀性分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):235-243QIAN R J.Analysis on spatial sampling density and uniformity of seismic acquisition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(2):235-243
[12]刘志鹏,赵伟,张云鹏.海上高密度地震数据数字组合方法研究与应用[J].中国海上油气,2013,25(5):21-25LIU Z P,ZHAO W,ZHANG Y P.A research and application of the digital grouping methods for offshore high-density seismic data[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2013,25(5):21-25
[13]徐海,樊太亮,白玉春,等.空间高密度单点地震采集数据数字组合去噪研究[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(6):2617-2621XU H,FAN T L,BAI Y C,et al.The research of the digital combination de-noising for single sensors in high-density seismic acquisition[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(6):2617-2621
[14]韩文功,于静,张怀榜,等.干扰波调查方法在高密度地震采集中的应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(5):500-507HAN W G,YU J,ZHANG H B,et al.Application of interference wave investigation methods in highdensity seismic acuqistion[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(5):500-507
[15]刘远志,刘胜,张志锋,等.全数字单点采集技术在四川盆地的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(5):829-838LIU Y Z,LIU S,ZHANG Z F,et al.Point receiver acquisition with single digital sensor in Sichuan Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(5):-838
[16]吕明岩,查文锋.全数字高密度地震勘探在长子地区的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2013,34(6):702-705LV M Y,ZHA W F.Application of all-digital highdensity seismic exploration in Changzhi Area,Shanxi Province[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2013,34(6):702-705
[17]张怀.UniQ地震采集系统在四川盆地的应用[J].物探装备,2014,24(4):223-226ZHANG H.Application of UniQ seismic acquisition system in Sichuan Basin[J].Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting,2014,24(4):223-226
[18]SERGEY K.UniQ-integrated point-receiver land seismic system[EB/OL].[2012-10-31]http:∥www.slb.com/~/media/Files/westerngeco/resources/other/wg_uniq_gac_ps.pdf
[19]STROBBIA C,VERMEER P L,Laake A,et al.Surface waves:processing,inversion,and attenuation[J].First Break,2010,28(8):85-91
[20]HOOTMAN B W.Robust surface-consistent deconvolution:creating inversion ready land data[J].Expanded Abstracts of 73rd EAGE Conference and Exhibition,2011:211-214