复杂构造条件下多煤层地震勘探新思路
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摘要
HDGD煤矿具有可采煤层较多、逆断层发育、断层交叉垂直、微小地质体发育等特点,常规的地震勘探方法难以解决此类复杂地质问题。通过对全方位观测系统优势比较,从小道距、小炮点距、小面元("三小")对地质体的分辨能力、炮点和接收点组合方式对分辨率的影响,数字检波器及激发层位对信号及能量的影响等方面进行分析,认为全方位角数字高密度三维地震勘探是构造复杂区获得高保真数据的有效手段。并以HDGD煤矿为例,介绍了三维波场分离法剔除规则干扰,分频剩余静校正、高密度双谱速度校正改善高频弱信号,叠前时间偏移改善大角度地层偏移成像等数据处理的效果。实例表明,全方位角高密度地震数据采集与处理技术在该矿的应用,可有效克服上覆高速层的屏蔽及高倾角断层的影响,清晰刻画其小断块和微幅褶皱等复杂构造影像。
The HDGD coalmine has features of mineable multi-seam,developed reverse faults,vertically intersected faults,developed minor geologic bodies etc.,such complicated geological issues can not be solved easily by conventional seismic prospecting means.Through the comparison of omnibearing field setup dominant positions,carried out analyses of "three smalls"( small trace spacing,shotpoint spacing and surface element) resolution on geologic body,impact from array mode of shotpoint and receiving point on resolution and impact from digital geophone and shot horizon on signal and energy. The analyses considered that the omnibearing digital high density 3 D seismic prospecting is an effective means to acquire high fidelity data in structurally complex areas. Taking HDGD coalmine as an example,introduced data processing effects from 3 D wave field separation to eliminate regular interference,frequency division residual statics,high density bispectral velocity correction to improve high frequency weak signal and prestack time migration to improve high-dip strata migration imaging etc. The example has shown that the application of the omnibearing high density seismic data acquisition and processing technology in the coalmine can overcome impacts from overlying high-speed layer shielding and high-dip faults,depict complex structural images of minor fault block and microfold clearly.
The HDGD coalmine has features of mineable multi-seam,developed reverse faults,vertically intersected faults,developed minor geologic bodies etc.,such complicated geological issues can not be solved easily by conventional seismic prospecting means.Through the comparison of omnibearing field setup dominant positions,carried out analyses of "three smalls"( small trace spacing,shotpoint spacing and surface element) resolution on geologic body,impact from array mode of shotpoint and receiving point on resolution and impact from digital geophone and shot horizon on signal and energy. The analyses considered that the omnibearing digital high density 3 D seismic prospecting is an effective means to acquire high fidelity data in structurally complex areas. Taking HDGD coalmine as an example,introduced data processing effects from 3 D wave field separation to eliminate regular interference,frequency division residual statics,high density bispectral velocity correction to improve high frequency weak signal and prestack time migration to improve high-dip strata migration imaging etc. The example has shown that the application of the omnibearing high density seismic data acquisition and processing technology in the coalmine can overcome impacts from overlying high-speed layer shielding and high-dip faults,depict complex structural images of minor fault block and microfold clearly.
引文
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[13]石林光,韩文功,魏巍.LJ高密度三维地震资料处理实践与效果[C]//SPG/SEG2011年国际地球物理会议.2011.
[14]徐敏,刘克难,梅莉,等.三维地震勘探技术在多组系复杂构造区的应用[J].断块油气田,2011,18(4):453-456.
[15]冷广升,陈加林,王秀荣,等.叠前时间偏移方法在煤田勘探中的应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2008,20(6):40-43.
[2]刘松.山西晋城某矿三维地震勘探中的参数选择[J].黑龙江科技信息,2016(21):154-155.
[3]田梦,张梅生,万传彪,等.宽方位角地震勘探与常规地震勘探对比研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(6):138-142.
[4]凌云研究小组.宽方位角地震勘探应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):350-357.
[5]张胤彬.三维地震小面元采集技术在晋城矿区的应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2008,20(6):70-72.
[6]陆基孟.地震勘探原理(上册)[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1993:114-116.
[7]杨臣明.全数字高密度煤矿采区三维地震技术研究与实践[J].中国煤炭地质,2014(3):46-52.
[8]夏勇,徐宏朝.MEMS数字检波器技术特点及应用效果分析[J].物探装备,2013,23(4):215-220.
[9]杨贵祥,高锐,仲伯军,等.单点单分量高密度地震采集技术[C]//中国地球物理·2009.
[10]姜元勇.地震勘探中炸药震源的特性研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2003.
[11]凌云.激发药量与药型分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):584-590.
[12]李虹,蔡希玲,陈义景,等.高密度地震数据处理技术研究及应用[C]//CPS/SEG北京2009国际地球物理会议.2009.
[13]石林光,韩文功,魏巍.LJ高密度三维地震资料处理实践与效果[C]//SPG/SEG2011年国际地球物理会议.2011.
[14]徐敏,刘克难,梅莉,等.三维地震勘探技术在多组系复杂构造区的应用[J].断块油气田,2011,18(4):453-456.
[15]冷广升,陈加林,王秀荣,等.叠前时间偏移方法在煤田勘探中的应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2008,20(6):40-43.