绿肥不同栽培模式对冬闲期植烟土壤的影响
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摘要
【目的】本文研究了烟田冬闲期种植绿肥对土壤的影响。【方法】以冬闲期植烟土壤为研究对象,布置单种紫云英(Z)、单种黑麦草(H),混播紫云英和黑麦草(HZ)3种处理,在植烟前测定土壤特性,分析绿肥不同种植模式对植烟土壤的影响。【结果】不同种植模式对土壤养分含量影响不同:与H和Z处理相比,HZ处理显著提高了土壤有机质和全氮含量,达到29.88和0.96g/kg;与H处理相比,HZ处理的土壤速效钾、速效磷的含量分别提高了9.5%和38.03%,达到209.19和45.20 mg/kg。HZ处理下,土壤中性磷酸酶和脲酶活性以及土壤微生物碳、氮含量显著高于H和Z处理(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,土壤酶活性与土壤微生物碳、氮含量显著相关(R>0.8,P<0.01);土壤有机质含量与土壤微生物碳含量显著相关(R>0.78,P<0.01);土壤全氮含量与土壤微生物氮含量显著相关(R>0.78,P<0.01);土壤速效磷含量与土壤微生物磷含量显著相关(R>0.78,P<0.01)。【结论】综上所述,冬闲期混合种植豆科-禾本科绿肥可以更好的提高植烟土壤的养分,改善土壤微环境。
【Objective】This paper aimed to investigate the effect of green manure mixture sowing during slack winter season on soil nutrition.【Method】Taken the tobacco-soil slack winter season as tested objects,three treatments,including Z: Astragalus sinicus(22. 5 kg/hm~2);H: Lolium perenne(15 kg/hm~2) and HZ: mixture cropping of A. sinicus(18 kg/hm~2) with Lolium perenne(3 kg/hm~2),were carried out,the tobacco soils were determined before planting,and the effects of different cropping patterns of green manure on tobacco-soil property were analyzed. 【Result】The effects of different cropping patterns on soil nutrition contents were different: Compared with H and Z treatments,HZ treatment significantly increase the soil organic matter and total nitrogen,reaching 29. 88 and 0. 96 g/kg; Compared with H treatment,the contents of soil available potassium and available phosphorus HZ treatment increased 9. 5 % and 38. 03 %,reaching 209. 19 and 45. 20 mg/kg,respectively. The soil enzyme(neutral phosphates,urease) activities and the concentration of soil microbial carbon and nitrogen under HZ treatment were significantly higher than that under H and Z(P < 0. 05). Correlation analysis indicated that The soil enzyme(neutral phosphates,urease) activities had the correlation with soil microbial carbon and microbial nitrogen(R > 0. 8,P < 0. 01); Soil organic matter content had the correlation with microbial carbon(R > 0. 78,P < 0. 01); Soil total nitrogen content had the correlation with soil microbial content(R > 0. 78,P < 0. 01); Soil available phosphorus content had the correlation with soil microbial phosphorus content(R > 0. 78,P <0. 01). 【Conclusion】In conclusion,the green manures mixture sowing could increase tobacco-soil fertility and soil micro-environment,which was assumed to be better decreasing the obstacles in traditional cropping patterns.
【Objective】This paper aimed to investigate the effect of green manure mixture sowing during slack winter season on soil nutrition.【Method】Taken the tobacco-soil slack winter season as tested objects,three treatments,including Z: Astragalus sinicus(22. 5 kg/hm~2);H: Lolium perenne(15 kg/hm~2) and HZ: mixture cropping of A. sinicus(18 kg/hm~2) with Lolium perenne(3 kg/hm~2),were carried out,the tobacco soils were determined before planting,and the effects of different cropping patterns of green manure on tobacco-soil property were analyzed. 【Result】The effects of different cropping patterns on soil nutrition contents were different: Compared with H and Z treatments,HZ treatment significantly increase the soil organic matter and total nitrogen,reaching 29. 88 and 0. 96 g/kg; Compared with H treatment,the contents of soil available potassium and available phosphorus HZ treatment increased 9. 5 % and 38. 03 %,reaching 209. 19 and 45. 20 mg/kg,respectively. The soil enzyme(neutral phosphates,urease) activities and the concentration of soil microbial carbon and nitrogen under HZ treatment were significantly higher than that under H and Z(P < 0. 05). Correlation analysis indicated that The soil enzyme(neutral phosphates,urease) activities had the correlation with soil microbial carbon and microbial nitrogen(R > 0. 8,P < 0. 01); Soil organic matter content had the correlation with microbial carbon(R > 0. 78,P < 0. 01); Soil total nitrogen content had the correlation with soil microbial content(R > 0. 78,P < 0. 01); Soil available phosphorus content had the correlation with soil microbial phosphorus content(R > 0. 78,P <0. 01). 【Conclusion】In conclusion,the green manures mixture sowing could increase tobacco-soil fertility and soil micro-environment,which was assumed to be better decreasing the obstacles in traditional cropping patterns.
引文
[1]王彦亭,谢剑平,李志宏.中国烟草种植区划[M].北京:中国科学出版社,2010.
[2]Solymosi I K,Bernand M.Soil metals,chloroplasts,and secure crop production:a review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2012,32(1):245-272.
[3]Benin C,Yang X H,Weston L A.The role of root exudates and allelochemicals in the rhizosphere[J].Plant and Soil,2003,256(1):67-83.
[4]郭亚利,李明海,吴洪田,等.烤烟根系分泌物对烤烟幼苗生长和养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(3):458-463.
[5]李鑫,张秀丽,孙冰玉,等.烤烟连作对耕层土壤酶活性及微生物区系的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(3):456-460.
[6]贾志红,易建华,苏以荣,等.烟区轮作与连作土壤细菌群落多样性比较[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(7):1578-1585.
[7]段玉琪,陈冬梅,晋艳,等.不同肥料对连作烟草根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2012,14(3):122-126.
[8]李子双,廉晓娟,王薇,等.我国绿肥的研究进展[J].草业科学,2013,30(7):1135-1140.
[9]陈国军,闫慧峰,吴凯,等.不同收获期的籽粒觉绿肥还田对土壤养分的影响[J].草业学报,2016,26(3):215-224.
[10]郑伟,加娜尔古丽,唐高溶,等.混播种类与混播比例对豆禾混播草地浅层土壤养分的影响[J].草业科学,2015,32(3):329-339.
[11]汤俊燕,杨文浩,周碧青,等.紫云英翻压对水田土壤可溶性有机氮及生化性质的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(3):651-659.
[12]高篙涓,曹卫东,白金顺,等.长期冬种绿肥改变红壤稻田土壤微生物生物量特性[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):902-910.
[13]肖嫩群,张洪霞,成壮,等.紫云英还田量对烟田土壤微生物及酶的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(4):711-715.
[14]魏云霞.紫云英与油菜、黑麦草混播种植和利用效应研究[D].华中农业大学,201.
[15]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.
[16]吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2001.
[17]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986.
[18]包兴国,杨文玉,曹卫东,等.豆科与禾本科绿肥饲草作物混播增肥及改土效果研究[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(1):43-47.
[19]王殿武,文振海,文宏达,等.高寒半干旱区油菜牧草混播草地土壤环境效应[J].草业学报,1999,8(4):1-9.
[20]谢开云,赵云,李向林,等.豆-禾混播草地种间关系研究进展[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):284-296.
[21]刘文辉,张英俊,师尚礼,等.高寒区施肥和豆科混播水平刘燕麦人工草地土壤酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(1):23-33.
[22]Caldwell M M,Dawson T E,Richards J H.Hydraulic lift:consequences of water efflux from the roots of plants[J].Oecologia,1998,113(2):151-161.
[23]Ledgard S F,Steele K W.Biological nitrogen fixation in mixed legume/grass pastures[J].Plant and Soil,1992,141(1):137-153.
[24]Jeranyama P,Hesterman O B,Waddington S R,et al.Relay intercropping of sunnhemp and cowpea into a smallholder maize system in Zimbabwe[J].Agronomy Journal,2000,92:239-244.
[25]徐阳春,沈其荣,冉炜.长期免耕与施用有机肥对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响[J].土壤学报,2002,39(1):89-96.
[26]沈宏,曹志洪,徐本生.玉米生长期间土壤微生物量与土壤酶变化及其相关性研究[J].应用生态学报,1998,10(4):471-474.
[27]蒋跃利,赵彤,闰浩,等.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式对土壤微生物量碳氮磷的影响[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(6):62-68.
[29]Sparing G P,Pankhunrst C,Doube B M,et al.Soil microbial biomass,activity and nutrient cycling as indicators of soil health//Biological indicators of Soil Health[J].CAB International,1997:97-119.
[30]赵彤,闫浩,蒋跃利,等.黄土丘陵区植被类型对土壤微生物量碳氮磷的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5615-5622.
[31]万水霞,唐杉,蒋光月,等.紫云英与化肥配施对土壤微生物特征和作物产量的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(6):109-117.
[32]Fang S Z,Li H Y,Xie B D.Decomposition and nutrient release of four potential mulching materials for poplar plantations on upland sites[J].Agroforestry Systems,2008,74(1):27-35.
[33]汪文霞,周建斌,严德翼,等.黄土区不同类型土壤微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮的含量及其关系[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(6):103-106.
[34]赵军,耿增超,尚杰,等.生物炭及炭基硝酸铵对土壤微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(8):2355-2362
[35]陈国潮,何振立.红壤不同利用方式下微生物量的研究[J].土壤通报,1998,29(6):276-278.
[36]孙凤霞,张伟华,徐明岗,等.长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮和微生物碳源利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010(11):2792-2798.
[37]颜志雷,方宇,陈济琛,等.连年翻压紫云英对稻田土壤养分和微生物学特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1151-1160.
[38]Breue L,Huisman J A,Keller T,et al.Impact of a conversion from cropland to grassland on C and N storage and related soil properties:Analysis of a 60-year chronosequence[J].Ceoderma,2006,133:6-18.
[39]Gunapala N,Scow K M.Dynamics of soil microbial biomass and activity in conventional and organic farming systems[J].Soil biology&Biochemistry,1998,30:805-816.
[40]李正,刘国顺,敬海霞,等.绿肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤微生物量及供氮能力的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(6):126-134.
[2]Solymosi I K,Bernand M.Soil metals,chloroplasts,and secure crop production:a review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2012,32(1):245-272.
[3]Benin C,Yang X H,Weston L A.The role of root exudates and allelochemicals in the rhizosphere[J].Plant and Soil,2003,256(1):67-83.
[4]郭亚利,李明海,吴洪田,等.烤烟根系分泌物对烤烟幼苗生长和养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(3):458-463.
[5]李鑫,张秀丽,孙冰玉,等.烤烟连作对耕层土壤酶活性及微生物区系的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(3):456-460.
[6]贾志红,易建华,苏以荣,等.烟区轮作与连作土壤细菌群落多样性比较[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(7):1578-1585.
[7]段玉琪,陈冬梅,晋艳,等.不同肥料对连作烟草根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2012,14(3):122-126.
[8]李子双,廉晓娟,王薇,等.我国绿肥的研究进展[J].草业科学,2013,30(7):1135-1140.
[9]陈国军,闫慧峰,吴凯,等.不同收获期的籽粒觉绿肥还田对土壤养分的影响[J].草业学报,2016,26(3):215-224.
[10]郑伟,加娜尔古丽,唐高溶,等.混播种类与混播比例对豆禾混播草地浅层土壤养分的影响[J].草业科学,2015,32(3):329-339.
[11]汤俊燕,杨文浩,周碧青,等.紫云英翻压对水田土壤可溶性有机氮及生化性质的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(3):651-659.
[12]高篙涓,曹卫东,白金顺,等.长期冬种绿肥改变红壤稻田土壤微生物生物量特性[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):902-910.
[13]肖嫩群,张洪霞,成壮,等.紫云英还田量对烟田土壤微生物及酶的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(4):711-715.
[14]魏云霞.紫云英与油菜、黑麦草混播种植和利用效应研究[D].华中农业大学,201.
[15]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.
[16]吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2001.
[17]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986.
[18]包兴国,杨文玉,曹卫东,等.豆科与禾本科绿肥饲草作物混播增肥及改土效果研究[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(1):43-47.
[19]王殿武,文振海,文宏达,等.高寒半干旱区油菜牧草混播草地土壤环境效应[J].草业学报,1999,8(4):1-9.
[20]谢开云,赵云,李向林,等.豆-禾混播草地种间关系研究进展[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):284-296.
[21]刘文辉,张英俊,师尚礼,等.高寒区施肥和豆科混播水平刘燕麦人工草地土壤酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(1):23-33.
[22]Caldwell M M,Dawson T E,Richards J H.Hydraulic lift:consequences of water efflux from the roots of plants[J].Oecologia,1998,113(2):151-161.
[23]Ledgard S F,Steele K W.Biological nitrogen fixation in mixed legume/grass pastures[J].Plant and Soil,1992,141(1):137-153.
[24]Jeranyama P,Hesterman O B,Waddington S R,et al.Relay intercropping of sunnhemp and cowpea into a smallholder maize system in Zimbabwe[J].Agronomy Journal,2000,92:239-244.
[25]徐阳春,沈其荣,冉炜.长期免耕与施用有机肥对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响[J].土壤学报,2002,39(1):89-96.
[26]沈宏,曹志洪,徐本生.玉米生长期间土壤微生物量与土壤酶变化及其相关性研究[J].应用生态学报,1998,10(4):471-474.
[27]蒋跃利,赵彤,闰浩,等.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式对土壤微生物量碳氮磷的影响[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(6):62-68.
[29]Sparing G P,Pankhunrst C,Doube B M,et al.Soil microbial biomass,activity and nutrient cycling as indicators of soil health//Biological indicators of Soil Health[J].CAB International,1997:97-119.
[30]赵彤,闫浩,蒋跃利,等.黄土丘陵区植被类型对土壤微生物量碳氮磷的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5615-5622.
[31]万水霞,唐杉,蒋光月,等.紫云英与化肥配施对土壤微生物特征和作物产量的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(6):109-117.
[32]Fang S Z,Li H Y,Xie B D.Decomposition and nutrient release of four potential mulching materials for poplar plantations on upland sites[J].Agroforestry Systems,2008,74(1):27-35.
[33]汪文霞,周建斌,严德翼,等.黄土区不同类型土壤微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮的含量及其关系[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(6):103-106.
[34]赵军,耿增超,尚杰,等.生物炭及炭基硝酸铵对土壤微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(8):2355-2362
[35]陈国潮,何振立.红壤不同利用方式下微生物量的研究[J].土壤通报,1998,29(6):276-278.
[36]孙凤霞,张伟华,徐明岗,等.长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮和微生物碳源利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010(11):2792-2798.
[37]颜志雷,方宇,陈济琛,等.连年翻压紫云英对稻田土壤养分和微生物学特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1151-1160.
[38]Breue L,Huisman J A,Keller T,et al.Impact of a conversion from cropland to grassland on C and N storage and related soil properties:Analysis of a 60-year chronosequence[J].Ceoderma,2006,133:6-18.
[39]Gunapala N,Scow K M.Dynamics of soil microbial biomass and activity in conventional and organic farming systems[J].Soil biology&Biochemistry,1998,30:805-816.
[40]李正,刘国顺,敬海霞,等.绿肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤微生物量及供氮能力的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(6):126-134.