基于虚拟样机技术圆盘式果园生草刈割机工作过程仿真与验证
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摘要
通过Solid Works设计了圆盘式生草刈割机的虚拟样机,然后利用机械系统动力学自动分析(Automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems,ADAMS)虚拟样机分析软件对其工作过程进行仿真,得到刀片旋转一周时的运动轨迹,对模型进行三因素三水平多指标的正交试验,并对试验数据采取综合平衡法,确定切割器运动参数的最佳取值,结果表明,前进速度为2.74km·h~(-1),刀盘速度为2 000r·min-1,刀片数为3片时,重割区与漏割区面积有效减少。利用实体样机在田间试验,测试了切割器的运动参数与性能指标,结果显示,仿真数据真实可靠,对于圆盘式果园生草刈割机运动参数选择具有指导意义。
The virtual prototype of a disc grass cutting machine was designed by Solid Works,and its working process was simulated by ADAMS(Automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems)to obtain the blade rotation trajectory.The orthogonal experiment had three factors and three levels and a multi-index model was obtained.To determine the best value of the movement parameters,the comprehensive balance method was adopted.When the forward speed was 2.74 km·h~(-1),the rotation speed was 2000 r·min-1,the number of the blade pieces was 3,and the area of repeat cut and missed cut were effectively reduced.The motion parameters and performance index of the solid prototype were tested in the field,and the results showed that the simulation data were reliable and significant for selection of motion parameters of the disc orchard grass cutting machine.
The virtual prototype of a disc grass cutting machine was designed by Solid Works,and its working process was simulated by ADAMS(Automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems)to obtain the blade rotation trajectory.The orthogonal experiment had three factors and three levels and a multi-index model was obtained.To determine the best value of the movement parameters,the comprehensive balance method was adopted.When the forward speed was 2.74 km·h~(-1),the rotation speed was 2000 r·min-1,the number of the blade pieces was 3,and the area of repeat cut and missed cut were effectively reduced.The motion parameters and performance index of the solid prototype were tested in the field,and the results showed that the simulation data were reliable and significant for selection of motion parameters of the disc orchard grass cutting machine.
引文
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[17]田东洋,刘姣娣,李卫敏.薰衣草收割机切割高度可调节机构的设计及运动仿真.农机化研究,2017,39(5):159-162.Tian D Y,Liu J D,Li W M.Motion simulation and design of lavender harvester cutting height adjustment mechanism.Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(5):159-162.(in Chinese)
[18]邬备,王德成,王光辉,付作立,郭震.小型自走式刈割机仿形装置仿真分析与试验.农业机械学报,2015,46(7):123-129.Wu B,Wang D C,Wang G H,Fu Z L,Guo Z.Simulation analysis and experiment of profiling device of small self-propelled mower.Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(7):123-129.(in Chinese)
[19]魏效玲,薛冰军,赵强.基于正交试验设计的多指标优化方法研究.河北工程大学学报(自然科学版),2010(3):95-99.Wei X L,Xue B J,Zhao Q.Optimization design of the stability for the plunger assembly of oilpumps based on multi-target orthogonal test design.Journal of Hebei University of Engineering(Natural Science Edition),2010(3):95-99.(in Chinese)
[20]中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T10938-2008圆盘刈割机.北京:中国标准出版社,2008.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.GB/T10938-2008Disc Mower.Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008.(in Chinese)
[21]胡建军,周冀衡,柴家荣,张仕华.多指标正交试验数据的优化分析及应用.中国烟草学报,2008,14(2):9-14.Hu J J,Zhou J H,Chai J R,Zhang S H.Analysis and optimization of data from orthogonal experiments.Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2008,14(2):9-14.(in Chinese)
[2]刘华荣,蒙正兵,张瑜.苹果园行间生草模式综合效应初探.贵州畜牧兽医,2016,40(6):50-54.Liu H R,Meng Z B,Zhang Y.Study on the synthetical effects of different intercropping model in apple orchard.Guizhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2016,40(6):50-54.(in Chinese)
[3]邹亚丽,呼丽萍,施海燕.果草系统土壤理化特征.草业科学,2013,30(4):541-545.Zou Y L,Hu L P,Shi H Y.Soil fertility of cherry orchard interplanting with grasses systems.Pratacultural Science,2013,30(4):541-545.(in Chinese)
[4]Hoyt G D,Hargrove W L.Legume cover crops for improving crop and soil management in Southern United States.Hortscience,1986,21(3):397-402.
[5]李明丽.介绍几种果园割草机.农业知识,2016(1):51.Li M L.Introducing several kinds of lawn mower.Agriculture Knowlege,2016(1):51.(in Chinese)
[6]李杰,阎楚良,杨方飞.基于虚拟样机技术的联合收获机切割机构的仿真.农业机械学报,2006,(10):74-76,135.Li J,Yan C L,Yang F F.Research on cutter’s simulation of combine harvester based on virtual prototyping technology.Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2006,37(10):74-76.(in Chinese)
[7]蒙建国,赵满全,黄炎,张宁,黄鹏飞.9YG-130型双圆盘刈割机刀片的运动仿真研究.农机化研究,2013,35(10):21-25.Meng J G,Zhao M Q,Huang Y,Zhang N,Huang P F.The simulation analysis of the 9YG-130type of the front-mounted disc mower.Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2013,35(10):21-25.(in Chinese)
[8]张海龙,张多利,祁文博,李可.小型圆盘式牧草收割机结构研究.农村牧区机械化,2011(2):16-17.Zhang H L,Zhang D L,Qi W B,Li K.Research on the structure of miniature disc grass harvester.Nongcun Muqu Jixiehua,2011(2):16-17.(in Chinese)
[9]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册:下册.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2007:1143-1145.Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences.The Agricultural Machinery Design Manual:Ⅱ.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2007:1143-1145.(in Chinese)
[10]赵满全,刘伟峰,赵士杰,余大庆,刘汉涛,王永清.前置式双圆盘刈割机的研制与试验.中国农机化,2004(5):28-30.Zhao M Q,Liu W F,Zhao S J,Yu D Q,Liu H T,Wang Y Q.The development and experiment of front-mounted disc mower.Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2004(5):28-30.(in Chinese)
[11]段天青,盛国成.双圆盘旋转式刈割机切割器的研究与设计.农业机械,2010(18):95-97.Duan T Q,Sheng G C.Research and design of double disc rotary mower cutter.Farm Mechinery,2010(18):95-97.(in Chinese)
[12]宋占华,田富洋,张世福,李法德,范云涛.空载状态下往复式棉秆切割器动力学仿真与试验.农业工程学报,2012,28(16):17-22.Song Z H,Tian F Y,Zhang S F,Li F D,Fan Y T.Simulation and experiment of reciprocating cutter dynamics of cotton stalk underno-load.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(16):17-22.(in Chinese)
[13]杜岳峰,朱忠祥,毛恩荣,宋正河,高建民,朱孔贵.基于ADAMS的丘陵山地小型玉米收获机仿真.农业机械学报,2011,42(Z1):1-5.Du Y F,Zhu Z X,Mao E R,Song Z H,Gao J M,Zhu K G.Simulation on small-scale corn harvester for hilly area based on ADAMS.Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(Z1):1-5.(in Chinese)
[14]贺俊林,佟金,陈志,方宪法,韩增德.指形拨禾轮分禾机构的虚拟设计与运动仿真.农业机械学报,2007(6):53-56.He J L,Tong J,Chen Z,Fang X F,Han Z D.Virtual design and kinematic simulation for feed-in mechanism with finger rotor.Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2007(6):53-56.(in Chinese)
[15]李增刚.ADAMS入门详解与实例.北京:国防工业出版社,2012.Li Z G.ADAMS Entry Details and Examples.Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2012.(in Chinese)
[16]门党党,汤军社,贺春荣,王红艳.机械系统的建模与仿真.中国制造业信息化,2008(7):26-29.Men D D,Tang D S,He C R,Wang H Y.Modeling and simulation of mechanic system.China Manufacturing Industry Informatization,2008(7):26-29.(in Chinese)
[17]田东洋,刘姣娣,李卫敏.薰衣草收割机切割高度可调节机构的设计及运动仿真.农机化研究,2017,39(5):159-162.Tian D Y,Liu J D,Li W M.Motion simulation and design of lavender harvester cutting height adjustment mechanism.Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(5):159-162.(in Chinese)
[18]邬备,王德成,王光辉,付作立,郭震.小型自走式刈割机仿形装置仿真分析与试验.农业机械学报,2015,46(7):123-129.Wu B,Wang D C,Wang G H,Fu Z L,Guo Z.Simulation analysis and experiment of profiling device of small self-propelled mower.Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(7):123-129.(in Chinese)
[19]魏效玲,薛冰军,赵强.基于正交试验设计的多指标优化方法研究.河北工程大学学报(自然科学版),2010(3):95-99.Wei X L,Xue B J,Zhao Q.Optimization design of the stability for the plunger assembly of oilpumps based on multi-target orthogonal test design.Journal of Hebei University of Engineering(Natural Science Edition),2010(3):95-99.(in Chinese)
[20]中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T10938-2008圆盘刈割机.北京:中国标准出版社,2008.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.GB/T10938-2008Disc Mower.Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008.(in Chinese)
[21]胡建军,周冀衡,柴家荣,张仕华.多指标正交试验数据的优化分析及应用.中国烟草学报,2008,14(2):9-14.Hu J J,Zhou J H,Chai J R,Zhang S H.Analysis and optimization of data from orthogonal experiments.Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2008,14(2):9-14.(in Chinese)