高强度开采覆岩运移特征与机理研究
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摘要
随着我国煤炭开采重心的西移,高强度开采已在西部省区大规模开展并将持续进行。通过研究亿吨级煤炭基地分布、服务定位、开采规模、地质条件及典型高强度开采煤矿覆岩运移观测数据,论述了高强度开采覆岩的破坏变形特征及其区域环境影响,给出了高强度开采覆岩"两带"高度计算公式。基于高强度开采工作面覆岩短时间产生剧烈破坏、非连续变形明显、不产生"蠕变"等基本特征,结合相似模拟及理论力学分析,系统论述了高强度开采覆岩的运移过程,提出了三维立体空间条件下的高强度开采覆岩运移的"弹性薄板"+"平行压力拱"复合机理模型,该机理模型合理揭示了高强度开采覆岩的运移过程和机理。
With China's coal mining center shifts westward,a high-intensity mining has been carried out in the China's western provinces and municipalities on a large scale and the trend will continue.The failure characteristics of ground movement and deformation,overlying strata and environmental impact were discussed,and the calculation formula of caving zone height and the height of water flowing fractured zone( "Two-zone"height) were given,based on the analysis on the distribution of coal bases,target location,annual output,geological conditions of coal and measured data from typical high-intensity mining coal mine.Based on the severe failure of overlying strata after mining,a large number of discontinuous deformations and no creep,the combination mechanism model "elastic thin plate"plus "parallel stress arch"that studying the failure of overlying strata was put forward.According to simulation and theoretical mechanics analysis,and the model was in line with the process and mechanism due to high-intensity coal mining face.
With China's coal mining center shifts westward,a high-intensity mining has been carried out in the China's western provinces and municipalities on a large scale and the trend will continue.The failure characteristics of ground movement and deformation,overlying strata and environmental impact were discussed,and the calculation formula of caving zone height and the height of water flowing fractured zone( "Two-zone"height) were given,based on the analysis on the distribution of coal bases,target location,annual output,geological conditions of coal and measured data from typical high-intensity mining coal mine.Based on the severe failure of overlying strata after mining,a large number of discontinuous deformations and no creep,the combination mechanism model "elastic thin plate"plus "parallel stress arch"that studying the failure of overlying strata was put forward.According to simulation and theoretical mechanics analysis,and the model was in line with the process and mechanism due to high-intensity coal mining face.
引文
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[13]杨胜利,王兆会,蒋威,等.高强度开采工作面煤岩灾变的推进速度效应分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(3):586-594.YANG Shengli,WANG Zhaohui,JIANG Wei,et al.Advancing rate effect on rock and coal failure format in high-intensity mining face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(3):586-594.
[14]张年学,李守定,李晓,等.用岩块抗剪强度估算抗压与抗拉强度的方法[A].第三届全国岩土与工程学术大会论文集[C].2009:311-315.
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[16]王红卫,陈忠辉,杜泽超,等.弹性薄板理论在地下采场顶板变化规律研究中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(S2):3769-3774.WANG Hongwei,CHEN Zhonghui,DU Zechao,et al.Application of elastic thin plate theory to change rule of roof in underground stope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(S2):3769-3774.
[17]姚邦华,白海波,黄汉富,等.采动覆岩隔水层稳定性力学模型及应用研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(3):307-311.YAO Banghua,BAI Haibo,HUANG Hanfu,et al.Mechanical model of stability of water-resistant strata under mining and its application[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(3):307-311.
[18]宋颜金,程国强,郭惟嘉,等.采动覆岩裂隙分布及其空隙率特征[J].岩土力学,2011,32(2):533-536.SONG Yanjin,CHENG Guoqiang,GUO Weijia,et al.Study of distribution of overlying strata fissures and its porosity characteristics[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(2):533-536.
[19]林海飞,李树刚,成连华,等.基于薄板理论的采场覆岩关键层的判别方法[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(10):1081-1085.LIN Haifei,LI Shugang,CHENG Lianhua,et al.Key layer distinguishing method of overlying strata based on the thin slab theory[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(10):1081-1085.
[20]A.A.鲍里索夫.矿山压力原理与计算[M].王庆康,译.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1986:15-18.
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[23]王红卫,陈忠辉,杜泽超,等.弹性薄板理论在地下采场顶板变化规律研究中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(S2):3769-3774.WANG Hongwei,CHEN Zhonghui,DU Zechao,et al.Application of elastic thin plate theory to change rule of roof in underground stope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(S2):3769-3774.
[2]郭文兵,王云广.基于绿色开采的高强度开采定义及其指标体系研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(4):616-623.GUO Wenbing,WANG Yunguang.The definition of high-intensity mining based on green coal mining and its index system[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(4):616-623.
[3]陆燕元,潘立.脆弱生态区生态系统保护的困境与控制关键点[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(S1):315-317,324.LU Yanyuan,PAN Li.Research on predicament and key control point of ecosystem protection on fragile environment[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,39(S1):315-317,324.
[4]吴钢,魏东,周政达,等.我国大型煤炭基地建设的生态恢复技术研究综述[J].生态学报,2014,34(11):2812-2820.WU Gang,WEI Dong,ZHOU Zhengda,et al.A summary of study on ecological restoration technology of large coal bases construction in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(11):2812-2820.
[5]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.资源与环境协调(绿色)开采[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(1):1-7.QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing,XU Jialin.Green mining of coal resources harmonizing with environment[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(1):1-7.
[6]钱鸣高,许家林,缪协兴,等.煤矿绿色开采技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003,32(4):343-348.QIAN Minggao,XU Jialin,MIAO Xiexing,et al.Green Technique in Coal Mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2003,32(4):343-348.
[7]谢和平,钱鸣高,彭苏萍,等.煤炭科学产能及发展战略初探[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(6):44-50.XIE Heping,QIAN Minggao,PENG Suping,et al.Sustainable capacity of coal mining and its strategic plan[J].Engineering Science,2011,13(6):44-50.
[8]徐水师,彭苏萍,程爱国,等.中国煤炭科学产能与资源保障程度分析[J].中国煤炭地质,2011,23(8):1-4,8.XU Shuishi,PENG Suping,CHENG Aiguo,et al.Coal scientific production capacity and resource guarantee level analyses in China[J].Coal Geology of China,2011,23(8):1-4,8.
[9]国家安全监管总局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规范[S].2017:53-56.
[10]何晓群,刘文卿.应用回归分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2011:59-63.
[11]胡小娟,李文平,曹丁涛,等.综采导水裂隙带多因素影响指标研究与高度预计[J].煤炭学报,2012,49(4):613-620.HU Xiaojuan,LI Wenping,CAO Dingtao,et al.Index of multiple factors and expected height of fully mechanized water flowing fractured zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,49(4):613-620.
[12]王连国,王占盛,黄继辉,等.薄基岩厚风积沙浅埋煤层导水裂隙带高度预计[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(5):607-612.WANG Lianguo,WANG Zhansheng,HUANG Jihui,et al.Prediction on the height of Water-Flowing fractured zone for shallow seam covered with thin bedrock and thick windblown sands[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(5):607-612.
[13]杨胜利,王兆会,蒋威,等.高强度开采工作面煤岩灾变的推进速度效应分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(3):586-594.YANG Shengli,WANG Zhaohui,JIANG Wei,et al.Advancing rate effect on rock and coal failure format in high-intensity mining face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(3):586-594.
[14]张年学,李守定,李晓,等.用岩块抗剪强度估算抗压与抗拉强度的方法[A].第三届全国岩土与工程学术大会论文集[C].2009:311-315.
[15]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2003:66-70.
[16]王红卫,陈忠辉,杜泽超,等.弹性薄板理论在地下采场顶板变化规律研究中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(S2):3769-3774.WANG Hongwei,CHEN Zhonghui,DU Zechao,et al.Application of elastic thin plate theory to change rule of roof in underground stope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(S2):3769-3774.
[17]姚邦华,白海波,黄汉富,等.采动覆岩隔水层稳定性力学模型及应用研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(3):307-311.YAO Banghua,BAI Haibo,HUANG Hanfu,et al.Mechanical model of stability of water-resistant strata under mining and its application[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(3):307-311.
[18]宋颜金,程国强,郭惟嘉,等.采动覆岩裂隙分布及其空隙率特征[J].岩土力学,2011,32(2):533-536.SONG Yanjin,CHENG Guoqiang,GUO Weijia,et al.Study of distribution of overlying strata fissures and its porosity characteristics[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(2):533-536.
[19]林海飞,李树刚,成连华,等.基于薄板理论的采场覆岩关键层的判别方法[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(10):1081-1085.LIN Haifei,LI Shugang,CHENG Lianhua,et al.Key layer distinguishing method of overlying strata based on the thin slab theory[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(10):1081-1085.
[20]A.A.鲍里索夫.矿山压力原理与计算[M].王庆康,译.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1986:15-18.
[21]张顶立.综合机械化放顶煤开采采场矿山压力控制[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999:42-45.
[22]王新丰,高明中,陈雨雪,等.基于弹性薄板理论的采场顶板破断特征分析[J].金属矿山,2015,50(6):24-28.WANG Xinfeng,GAO Mingzhong,CHEN Yuxue,et al.Analysis of fracturing characteristics of stope roof based on elastic thin plate theory[J].Metal Mine,2015,50(6):24-28.
[23]王红卫,陈忠辉,杜泽超,等.弹性薄板理论在地下采场顶板变化规律研究中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(S2):3769-3774.WANG Hongwei,CHEN Zhonghui,DU Zechao,et al.Application of elastic thin plate theory to change rule of roof in underground stope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(S2):3769-3774.