基于SAR波模式数据的沉船事故海浪要素分析
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摘要
涌浪是近海波浪系统中的重要组成部分,因其持续时间长且蕴含巨大能量,可导致渔船沉没事故,造成生命、财产和环境危害。合成孔径雷达(SAR)能够对海浪成像并提供二维方向谱,成为遥感海浪的重要手段。本研究将利用欧空局环境卫星搭载的高级合成孔径雷达(ENVISAT-ASAR)的波模式轨道数据提供的涌浪信息,量化涌浪在中国近海浪致渔船沉没事故中的影响。首先,对浪致渔船沉没事故、ASAR数据和模式数据进行时空匹配;其次,对匹配成功的数据进行对比统计,分析涌浪要素特征,量化涌浪影响。结论:渔船沉没事故发生时,(1)天气形势多为冷空气、温带气旋或台风;(2)风浪、涌浪混合有效波高绝大部分大于2.0 m,涌浪波高占比在50%以上;(3)风浪和涌浪夹角>45°,当同时满足(2)和(3)条件时更容易发生沉船事故。
Swell is an important part in near shore wave systems and it can cause fishing shipwreck accidents due to its long duration and huge energy.Synthetic aperture radar(SAR) can image ocean waves and provide 2-dimentional wave spectra,making it an important remote tool for observing waves.In this study,swell information from orbital wave mode data of European Space Agency(ESA) ENVISAT-ASAR was used to quantify the effect of swells in wave-caused shipwreck accidents in China coastal seas.First,temporal and spatial match-up data among the wave-caused shipwreck accidents,ASAR wave mode data and model data were generated;and then the swell factors of match-up data were compared and analyzed.Conclusions are:when the shipwreck accidents happened,(1) weather systems were mostly cold air,extratropical cyclone or typhoon;(2) most mixed significant wave heights of wind waves and swells were larger than 2.0 m with swell portion greater than 50%;(3) the intersection angles between propagate directions of wind waves and swells were greater than 45°,and the shipwreck accidents happened more likely when conditions(2) and(3) were both satisfied.
Swell is an important part in near shore wave systems and it can cause fishing shipwreck accidents due to its long duration and huge energy.Synthetic aperture radar(SAR) can image ocean waves and provide 2-dimentional wave spectra,making it an important remote tool for observing waves.In this study,swell information from orbital wave mode data of European Space Agency(ESA) ENVISAT-ASAR was used to quantify the effect of swells in wave-caused shipwreck accidents in China coastal seas.First,temporal and spatial match-up data among the wave-caused shipwreck accidents,ASAR wave mode data and model data were generated;and then the swell factors of match-up data were compared and analyzed.Conclusions are:when the shipwreck accidents happened,(1) weather systems were mostly cold air,extratropical cyclone or typhoon;(2) most mixed significant wave heights of wind waves and swells were larger than 2.0 m with swell portion greater than 50%;(3) the intersection angles between propagate directions of wind waves and swells were greater than 45°,and the shipwreck accidents happened more likely when conditions(2) and(3) were both satisfied.
引文
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[2]TOFFOLI A,LEFèVRE J M,BITNER-GREGERSEN E,et al.Towards the identification of warning criteria:analysis of a ship accident database[J].Applied Ocean Research,2005,27(6):281-291.
[3]许富祥.西北太平洋灾害性海浪的监测和预报[J].海洋预报,1991,8(1):36-42.XU F X.Monitoring and forecasts of disastrous ocean waves in northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Forecasts,1991,8(1):36-42.
[4]张薇,高山,訚忠辉,等.渤海灾害性海浪特征分析[J].海洋预报,2012,29(5):73-77.ZHANG W,GAO S,YIN Z H,et al.Characteristics of the disastrous wave in the Bohai Sea[J].Marine Forecasts,2012,29(5):73-77.
[5]许富祥.中国近海及其邻近海域灾害性海浪的时空分布[J].海洋学报,1996,18(2):26-31.XU F X.Temporal and spatial distributions of disastrous ocean waves in China coastal seas and its adjacent seas[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1996,18(2):26-31.
[6]左书华,李蓓.近20年中国海洋灾害特征、危害及防治对策[J].气象与减灾研究,2008,31(4):28-33.ZUO S H,LI B.Marine disasters characteristics and its prevention measures in China over the past 20 years[J].Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research,2008,31(4):28-33.
[7]杨华庭.近十年来的海洋灾害与减灾[J].海洋预报,2002,19(1):2-8.YANG H T.Marine disasters and its reduction in the last 10years[J].Marine Forecasts,2002,19(1):2-8.
[8]董月娥,左书华.1989年以来我国海洋灾害类型、危害及特征分析[J].海洋地质动态,2009,25(6):28-33.DONG Y E,ZUO S H.Analysis to types,harmfulness and characteristics of marine hazards in China's coastal zone since 1989[J].Marine Geology Letters,2009,25(6):28-33.
[9]房文鸾,章家琳,谭常波,等.暴风波浪的危害与防御对策[J].海洋与海岸带开发,1993,(4):62-66.FANG W L,ZHANG J L,TAN C B,et al.Harm and defense strategy of storm waves[J].Ocean and Coastal Zone Development,1993,(4):62-66.
[10]李德亮,刘宪斌.2005~2014年中国主要海洋灾害的危害及防治对策[J].海洋信息,2015(4):37-42.LI D L,LIU X B.Harm and defense strategy of main ocean disasters of China in 2005—2014[J].Marine Information,2015(4):37-42.
[11]许富祥,余宙文.中国近海及其邻近海域灾害性海浪监测和预报[J].海洋预报,1998,15(3):63-68.XU F X,YU Z W.Monitoring and forecasts of disastrous ocean waves in China coastal seas and its adjacent seas[J].Marine Forecasts,1998,15(3):63-68.
[12]李本霞,邢闯.中国近海2011年灾害性海浪分析及2012年预测[J].海洋预报,2012,29(3):20-25.LI B X,XING C.Analysis of disastrous wave of China seas in 2011 and prediction for 2012[J].Marine Forecasts,2012,29(3):20-25.
[13]WEI Y L,KAWAMURA H.Case study of the transformation of swells propagating into Sendai Bay[J].Journal of Oceanography,2012,68(1):163-172.
[14]HASSELMANN K,HASSELMANN S.On the nonlinear mapping of an ocean wave spectrum into a synthetic aperture radar image spectrum and its inversion[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1991,96(C6):10713-10729.
[15]魏永亮,唐泽艳,刘建强,等.L波段合成孔径雷达影像反演涌浪参数[J].遥感信息,2016,31(3):109-114.WEI Y L,TANG Z Y,LIU J Q,et al.Retrieval of swell parameters using L-band synthetic aperture radar images[J].Remote Sensing Information,2016,31(3):109-114.
[16]国家海洋局.中国海洋灾害公报[EB/OL].北京:国家海洋局,1991-2012.http://www.soa.gov.cn/zwgk/hygb/zghyzhgb/.State Oceanic Administration,People's Republic of China.Bulletin of marine disasters of China[EB/OL].Beijing:State Oceanic Administration,People's Republic of China,1991-2012.http://www.soa.gov.cn/zwgk/hygb/zghyzhgb/.
[17]KULT A.ASAR products specifications[EB/OL].ENVISAT-1 Products Specifications,2009,8:69-95.