桥式龙门铣床横梁结构设计与优化
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摘要
横梁作为桥式龙门铣床的主要运动部件,其结构设计的优劣直接影响机床整机的工作性能。为此,提出了一种基于正交试验设计、改进模糊综合评价和尺寸灵敏度分析的横梁结构设计与优化方法。针对横梁多因素多水平的结构设计特点,采用正交试验设计挑选出8种具有代表性的参数组合作为横梁结构设计方案。运用改进模糊综合评价法对有限元仿真数据进行处理,确定参数组合为"箱中箱式-井型-20mm-线轨"的横梁优选方案,并对其关键设计尺寸进行灵敏度分析与优化,得到横梁结构具体的设计尺寸。优化后,横梁的静力学性能和抗振性能得到明显改善,并实现了轻量化设计,对机床横梁的实际制造起到了指导作用。研究结果表明,所提出的横梁结构设计与优化方法具有较强的工程实用性,为数控机床其它关键零部件的设计提供了新思路。
Crossbeam is the main moving part of bridge gantry milling machine,and its structure design directly affects the working performance of machine tool.Therefore,a structure design and optimization method for crossbeam based on orthogonal experimental design,improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and size sensitivity analysis was proposed.According to the multi-factor and multi-level characteristics of crossbeam structure design,eight kinds of representative parameter combinations were selected as the structure design scheme of crossbeam by orthogonal experimental design.The improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to process the finite element simulation data,so that the optimum selection scheme of crossbeam with parameters combination"box in box-well-20 mm-linear guideway"was determined.And the sensitivity analysis and optimization of its key design sizes were carried out to obtain the specific of crossbeam structure design size.After optimization,the static performance and anti-vibration performance of crossbeam were improved obviously while the lightweight design of crossbeam was also realized,which played a guiding role in the actual manufacture of machine tool crossbeam.The research result shows that the proposed structure design and optimization method for crossbeam has high engineering practicability,and it also provides a new idea for the design of other key parts of CNC machine tools.
Crossbeam is the main moving part of bridge gantry milling machine,and its structure design directly affects the working performance of machine tool.Therefore,a structure design and optimization method for crossbeam based on orthogonal experimental design,improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and size sensitivity analysis was proposed.According to the multi-factor and multi-level characteristics of crossbeam structure design,eight kinds of representative parameter combinations were selected as the structure design scheme of crossbeam by orthogonal experimental design.The improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to process the finite element simulation data,so that the optimum selection scheme of crossbeam with parameters combination"box in box-well-20 mm-linear guideway"was determined.And the sensitivity analysis and optimization of its key design sizes were carried out to obtain the specific of crossbeam structure design size.After optimization,the static performance and anti-vibration performance of crossbeam were improved obviously while the lightweight design of crossbeam was also realized,which played a guiding role in the actual manufacture of machine tool crossbeam.The research result shows that the proposed structure design and optimization method for crossbeam has high engineering practicability,and it also provides a new idea for the design of other key parts of CNC machine tools.
引文
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[15]王伟,李晴朝,康文俊,等.基于综合评价体系的五轴数控机床加工性能评价和误差溯源方法[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(21):149-157.WANG Wei,LI Qing-zhao,KANG Wen-jun,et al.Method of machining error tracing and processing performance evaluation for five-axis CNC machine tool based on the comprehensive evaluation system[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(21):149-157.
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[17]李健,徐敏,张宝.基于模态和灵敏度的主轴箱有限元分析与优化设计[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2016(10):51-54.LI Jian,XU Min,ZHANG Bao.Finite element analysis and optimal design of the spindle based on modal and sensitivity[J].Modular Machine Tool&Automatic Manufacturing Technique,2016(10):51-54.
[18]胡小舟,林建平,陈龑,等.基于模态应变能及灵敏度分析白车身模态优化[J].机械科学与技术,2015,34(9):1415-1418.HU Xiao-zhou,LIN Jian-ping,CHEN Yan,et al.Modal optimization of body-in-white based on modal strain energy and sensitivity analysis[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2015,34(9):1415-1418.
[2]韩振宇,王瀚,邵忠喜,等.基于有限差分法的重型龙门铣床大跨距横梁重力变形曲线计算方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2016,22(6):1494-1502.HAN Zhen-yu,WANG Han,SHAO Zhong-xi,et al.Finite difference method based calculation of gravity deformation curve of large span of gantry-type milling machine[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2016,22(6):1494-1502.
[3]孙芹,张进生,刘伟虔,等.基于拓扑优化的龙门加工中心横梁轻量化设计[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2016(6):8-11.SUN Qin,ZHANG Jin-sheng,LIU Wei-qian,et al.Lightweight design of the gantry machining center beam based on topology optimization[J].Modular Machine Tool&Automatic Manufacturing Technique,2016(6):8-11.
[4]庞锦平,陈永亮,刘谱,等.立式磨床横梁结构优选设计比较研究---基于模糊综合评价法、TOPSIS法和灰色关联分析法[J].工程设计学报,2013,20(2):89-96.PANG Jin-ping,CHEN Yong-liang,LIU Pu,et al.Acomparative study on priority design of beam of vertical grinding machine:based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,TOPSIS ang grey correlation method[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Design,2013,20(2):89-96.
[5]LIU S H,LI Y,LIAO Y L,et al.Structural optimization of the cross-beam of a gantry machine tool based on grey relational analysis[J].Structural&Multidisciplinary Optimization,2014,50(2):297-311.
[6]袁江,周成一,沈亚峰,等.基于正交设计的主轴径向跳动测试工况研究[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2017(3):21-23,27.YUAN Jiang,ZHOU Cheng-yi,SHEN Ya-feng,et al.Research on test condition of spindle radial motion errors based on orthogonal design[J].Modular Machine Tool&Automatic Manufacturing Technique,2017(3):21-23,27.
[7]MAO H J,SHU M,LI C,et al.Optimization design for beam structures of rail weld CNC fine milling machine based on ANSYS Workbench[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2015,716-717(4):817-824.
[8]许丹,刘强,袁松梅,等.一种龙门式加工中心横梁的动力学仿真研究[J].振动与冲击,2008,27(2):168-171.XU Dan,LIU Qiang,YUAN Song-mei,et al.Dynamics simulation for a gantry machine center beam[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2008,27(2):68-172.
[9]夏红梅,甄文斌,曾文.果蔬采摘机构构型方案的模糊综合评价[J].机械科学与技术,2014,33(2):178-182.XIA Hong-mei,ZHEN Wen-bin,ZENG Wen.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for the configuration scheme of fruit and vegetable picking mechanism[J].Modular Machine Tool&Automatic Manufacturing Technique,2014,33(2):178-182.
[10]YANG Z Y,ZHU X C,JIA Y Z,et al.Fuzzy-comprehensive evaluation of use reliability of CNC machine[J].Key Engineering Materials,2011,464:374-378.
[11]李磊,汪永超,唐雨,等.基于模糊层次分析法的机械材料选择[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2015(11):8-12.LI Lei,WANG Yong-chao,TANG Yu,et al.Mechanical material selection based on FAHP[J].Modular Machine Tool&Automatic Manufacturing Technique,2015(11):8-12.
[12]徐泽水.模糊互补判断矩阵排序的一种算法[J].系统工程学报,2001,16(4):311-314.XU Ze-shui.Algorithm for priority of fuzzy complementary judgement matrix[J].Journal of System Engineering,2001,16(4):311-314.
[13]王宇,汪永超,牛印宝,等.基于模糊层次分析法的数控机床设备优化选择[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2014(11):133-136.WANG Yu,WANG Yong-chao,NIU Yin-bao,et al.Optimization selection of CNC machine tool equipment based on FAHP[J].Modular Machine Tool&Automatic Manufacturing Technique,2014(11):133-136.
[14]鞠家全,邱自学,任东,等.采用灰色理论和组合赋权法的机床立柱设计与研究[J].机械科学与技术,2017,36(9):1388-1395.JU Jia-quan,QIU Zi-xue,REN Dong,et al.Design and research for column of machining tool using grey theory&combination weight[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2017,36(9):1388-1395.
[15]王伟,李晴朝,康文俊,等.基于综合评价体系的五轴数控机床加工性能评价和误差溯源方法[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(21):149-157.WANG Wei,LI Qing-zhao,KANG Wen-jun,et al.Method of machining error tracing and processing performance evaluation for five-axis CNC machine tool based on the comprehensive evaluation system[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(21):149-157.
[16]鞠家全,邱自学,崔德友,等.基于正交试验的机床移动横梁多目标优化设计[J].机械强度,2018,40(2):356-362.JU Jia-quan,QIU Zi-xue,CUI De-you,et al.Multitargets optimization design for moving crossbeam of machine tool based on orthogonal experimental method[J].Journal of Mechanical Strength,2018,40(2):356-362.
[17]李健,徐敏,张宝.基于模态和灵敏度的主轴箱有限元分析与优化设计[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2016(10):51-54.LI Jian,XU Min,ZHANG Bao.Finite element analysis and optimal design of the spindle based on modal and sensitivity[J].Modular Machine Tool&Automatic Manufacturing Technique,2016(10):51-54.
[18]胡小舟,林建平,陈龑,等.基于模态应变能及灵敏度分析白车身模态优化[J].机械科学与技术,2015,34(9):1415-1418.HU Xiao-zhou,LIN Jian-ping,CHEN Yan,et al.Modal optimization of body-in-white based on modal strain energy and sensitivity analysis[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2015,34(9):1415-1418.