风-车-桥耦合作用下大跨桥梁驾驶模拟实验方法
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摘要
为了对大跨桥梁上的行车安全进行精细化研究,基于风-车-桥耦合作用理论,计算3种风速下的桥梁振动作用,建立同时考虑侧风作用和振动作用的大跨桥梁驾驶模拟实验场景.将20名驾驶员根据驾驶经验的不同分成两组,开展驾驶模拟实验.研究结果表明:在侧风作用的后期,受到桥梁振动影响的车辆横向偏移和偏航角速度的波动比无振动情况下大.桥梁振动作用会对驾驶员产生积极的警示作用和不利的干扰作用,对经验相对欠缺的驾驶员,侧风和振动共同作用对行车安全更不利.
In order to carry out a more detailed study of driving safety on long-span bridges, based on the wind-vehicle-bridge coupling theory, the bridge vibration effects under three wind speeds are calculated and a long span bridge driving simulation experiment scenario considering both the crosswind and the vibration was established. Twenty drivers were divided into two groups according to the driving experience, and the driving simulation experiment was conducted. The results show that in the late stage of crosswind, the lateral displacement and the yaw speed of the vehicle affected by bridge vibration are larger than those without vibration. Bridge vibration effect will have a positive warning effect and adverse interference to driver, for the driver with relatively lack of experience, crosswind and vibration combination is more detrimental to traffic safety.
In order to carry out a more detailed study of driving safety on long-span bridges, based on the wind-vehicle-bridge coupling theory, the bridge vibration effects under three wind speeds are calculated and a long span bridge driving simulation experiment scenario considering both the crosswind and the vibration was established. Twenty drivers were divided into two groups according to the driving experience, and the driving simulation experiment was conducted. The results show that in the late stage of crosswind, the lateral displacement and the yaw speed of the vehicle affected by bridge vibration are larger than those without vibration. Bridge vibration effect will have a positive warning effect and adverse interference to driver, for the driver with relatively lack of experience, crosswind and vibration combination is more detrimental to traffic safety.
引文
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[2] BAKER C J.Measures to control vehicle movement at exposed sites during windy periods[J].Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics,1987,25(2):151.
[3] BAKER C J.Ground vehicles in high cross winds part Ⅲ:the interaction of aerodynamic forces and the vehicle system[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,1991,5(2):221.
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[18] HORST R V D,RIDDER S D.Influence of roadside infrastructure on driving behavior:driving simulator study[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2007,2018:36.
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[21] CAI C S,CHEN S R.Framework of vehicle-bridge-wind dynamic analysis[J].Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics,2004,92(7):579.
[22] ZHOU Y,CHEN S.Vehicle ride comfort analysis with whole-body vibration on long-span bridges subjected to crosswind[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2016,155:126.
[23] 郭孔辉.驾驶员-汽车闭环系统操纵运动的预瞄最优曲率模型[J].汽车工程,1984(3):1.GUO Konghui.Drivers-vehicle close-loop simulation of handing by “preselect optimal curvature method” [J].Automotive Engineering,1984(3):1.
[24] 江浩,余卓平.集装箱半挂车在侧风作用下行驶稳定性分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(12):1451.JIANG Hao,YU Zhuoping.Effect of side wind on handling performance of truck with trailer [J].Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science),2001,29(12):1451.
[2] BAKER C J.Measures to control vehicle movement at exposed sites during windy periods[J].Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics,1987,25(2):151.
[3] BAKER C J.Ground vehicles in high cross winds part Ⅲ:the interaction of aerodynamic forces and the vehicle system[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,1991,5(2):221.
[4] BAKER C J.The quantification of accident risk for road vehicles in cross winds[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1994,52:93.
[5] GUO W H,XU Y L.Safety analysis of moving road vehicles on a long bridge under crosswind[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2006,132(4):438.
[6] 韩万水,陈艾荣.风-汽车-桥梁系统空间耦合振动研究[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(9):53.HAN Wanshui,CHEN Airong.Three-dimensional coupling vibration of wind-vehicle-bridge systems[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2007,40(9):53.
[7] 韩万水,陈艾荣.风环境下行驶于大跨度桥梁上的车辆安全评价及影响因素研究[J].空气动力学学报,2008,26(4):466.HAN Wanshui,CHEN Airong.Safety assessment of moving vehicles on a long-span bridge under crosswind and influence factors analysis[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2008,26(4):466.
[8] CHEN S R,CAI C S,WOLSHON B.From normal operation to evacuation:single-vehicle safety under adverse weather,topographic,and operational conditions[J].Natural Hazards Review,2009,10(2):68.
[9] CHEN S R,CHEN F.Simulation-based assessment of vehicle safety behavior under hazardous driving conditions[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2010,136(4):304.
[10] CHEN S R,WU J.Modeling stochastic live load for long-span bridge based on microscopic traffic flow simulation[J].Computers & Structures,2011,89(9):813.
[11] 韩万水,陈艾荣.随机车流下的风-汽车-桥梁系统空间耦合振动研究[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(9):97.HAN Wanshui,CHEN Airong.Three-dimensional coupling vibration of wind-vehicle-bridge systems under random traffic flow[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(9):97.
[12] ZHOU Y,CHEN S.Dynamic simulation of a long-span bridge-traffic system subjected to combined service and extreme loads[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2015,141(9):04014215.
[13] ZHOU Y,CHEN S.Fully coupled driving safety analysis of moving traffic on long-span bridges subjected to crosswind[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2015,143:1.
[14] KAPTEIN N,THEEUWES J,HORST R V D.Driving simulator validity:some considerations[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board,1996,1550(1):30.
[15] FITZPATRICH K,CHRYSLER S T,PARK E S.Driver performance at high speeds using a simulator[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2012,2321:88.
[16] GARAY-VEGA L,FISHER D L,POLLATSEK A.Hazard anticipation of novice and experienced drivers:empirical evaluation on a driving simulator in daytime and nighttime conditions[J].Transportation Research Record,Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2007,2009(1):1.
[17] HIRSCH P,CHOUKOU M A,BELLAVANCE F.Transfer of training in basic control skills from truck simulator to real truck[J].Transportation Research Record,Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2017,2637:67.
[18] HORST R V D,RIDDER S D.Influence of roadside infrastructure on driving behavior:driving simulator study[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2007,2018:36.
[19] TU H,LI Z,LI H,et al.Driving simulator fidelity and emergency driving behavior[J].Transportation Research Record,Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2015,2518:113.
[20] MARUYAMA Y,YAMAZAKI F.Driving simulator experiment on the moving stability of an automobile under strong crosswind[J].Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics,2006,94(4):191.
[21] CAI C S,CHEN S R.Framework of vehicle-bridge-wind dynamic analysis[J].Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics,2004,92(7):579.
[22] ZHOU Y,CHEN S.Vehicle ride comfort analysis with whole-body vibration on long-span bridges subjected to crosswind[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2016,155:126.
[23] 郭孔辉.驾驶员-汽车闭环系统操纵运动的预瞄最优曲率模型[J].汽车工程,1984(3):1.GUO Konghui.Drivers-vehicle close-loop simulation of handing by “preselect optimal curvature method” [J].Automotive Engineering,1984(3):1.
[24] 江浩,余卓平.集装箱半挂车在侧风作用下行驶稳定性分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(12):1451.JIANG Hao,YU Zhuoping.Effect of side wind on handling performance of truck with trailer [J].Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science),2001,29(12):1451.