高温环境下枯草芽孢杆菌对AA鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育及免疫功能的影响
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摘要
为了探究饲粮中添加不同水平的枯草芽孢杆菌对1～42日龄爱拔益加(AA)鸡在高温环境中生长发育、免疫器官发育和免疫功能的影响。选用1日龄、体质量邻近、出壳日期相同的健康AA肉仔鸡300只,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂分别添加0.010%、0.015%、0.020%、0.025%枯草芽孢杆菌制剂的基础饲粮,分别计算21日龄及42日龄AA鸡的平均日增体质量(Average daily gain,ADG)、料重比(Feed weight ratio,F/G)、平均日采食量(Average daily feed intake,ADFI),胸腺指数、脾脏指数、法氏囊指数,新城疫抗体效价(NDV-Ab)、溶菌酶活性(Lysozyme activity,LZM)、免疫球蛋白(IgG)含量。结果表明:各试验组1—42日龄AA鸡的ADG较对照组分别提高1.92%(P>0.05)、7.95%(P>0.05)、9.67%(P<0.05)、8.49%(P>0.05);F/G分别降低2.63%(P>0.05)、5.26%(P>0.05)、5.79%(P<0.05)、4.74%(P>0.05)。各试验组42日龄AA鸡的胸腺指数分别较对照组增加17.53%(P>0.05)、13.96%(P>0.05)、19.81%(P>0.05)、22.73%(P<0.05);NDV-Ab分别比对照组高5.22%(P>0.05)、15.13%(P>0.05)、13.57%(P>0.05)、21.74(P<0.05);IgG含量分别比对照组高19.41%(P>0.05)、33.53%(P<0.05)、22.94%(P<0.05)、32.94%(P<0.05);LZM均大于对照组,其中0.020%枯草芽孢杆菌添加组提高10.36%(P<0.05)。综合考虑,高温环境下AA鸡饲粮中枯草芽孢杆菌最适宜的添加水平为0.020%。
This study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance,immune organs development and immune function of 1—42 day-old AA broilers raised in relative high temperature.Using 300 healthy AA broiler chickens of 1 day-old,which had close weight and the same date of shelling.Those AA broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups for 5 replicates of 12 chickens each.The control group was fed with basal diet,while the experimental group was fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.010%,0.015%,0.020% and 0.025% Bacillus subtilis preparation.We separately to calculate 21 day-old and 42 day-old AA chickens' average daily gain(ADG),feed weight ratio(F/G),average daily feed intake(ADFI),thymus index,spleen index,bursa index,NDV-Ab,lysozyme activity(LZM) and IgG content.The results showed that compared to control group,Bacillus subtilis increased ADG of 1—42 day-old AA chickens by 1.92%(P>0.05),7.95%(P>0.05),9.67%(P<0.05),8.49%(P>0.05),decreased F/G by 2.63%(P>0.05),5.26%(P>0.05),5.79%(P<0.05),4.74%(P>0.05).Thymus index and NDV-Ab of test group 1—42 day-old AA chickens were increased by 17.53%(P>0.05),13.96%(P>0.05),19.81%(P>0.05),22.73%(P<0.05),5.22%(P>0.05),15.13%(P>0.05),13.57%(P>0.05),21.74%(P<0.05).IgG levels were increased by 19.41%(P>0.05),33.53%(P<0.05),22.94%(P<0.05),32.94%(P<0.05).LZM of the test group was greater than that of the control group,and LZM in 0.020% group was 10.36%(P<0.05) higher than control group.To sum up,at high temperature,the appropriate addition level of Bacillus subtilis in AA chicken diet was 0.020%.
This study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance,immune organs development and immune function of 1—42 day-old AA broilers raised in relative high temperature.Using 300 healthy AA broiler chickens of 1 day-old,which had close weight and the same date of shelling.Those AA broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups for 5 replicates of 12 chickens each.The control group was fed with basal diet,while the experimental group was fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.010%,0.015%,0.020% and 0.025% Bacillus subtilis preparation.We separately to calculate 21 day-old and 42 day-old AA chickens' average daily gain(ADG),feed weight ratio(F/G),average daily feed intake(ADFI),thymus index,spleen index,bursa index,NDV-Ab,lysozyme activity(LZM) and IgG content.The results showed that compared to control group,Bacillus subtilis increased ADG of 1—42 day-old AA chickens by 1.92%(P>0.05),7.95%(P>0.05),9.67%(P<0.05),8.49%(P>0.05),decreased F/G by 2.63%(P>0.05),5.26%(P>0.05),5.79%(P<0.05),4.74%(P>0.05).Thymus index and NDV-Ab of test group 1—42 day-old AA chickens were increased by 17.53%(P>0.05),13.96%(P>0.05),19.81%(P>0.05),22.73%(P<0.05),5.22%(P>0.05),15.13%(P>0.05),13.57%(P>0.05),21.74%(P<0.05).IgG levels were increased by 19.41%(P>0.05),33.53%(P<0.05),22.94%(P<0.05),32.94%(P<0.05).LZM of the test group was greater than that of the control group,and LZM in 0.020% group was 10.36%(P<0.05) higher than control group.To sum up,at high temperature,the appropriate addition level of Bacillus subtilis in AA chicken diet was 0.020%.
引文
[1] 祁玉兰.关于中小猪场“全进全出”制度的思考[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2013,34(5):90-92.
[2] 王苇,秦瑶,李爽,等.枯草芽孢杆菌微生态制剂的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(11):217-220.
[3] MAHMOUD K Z,OBEIDAT B S,AL-SADI M Z,et al.Effect of Bacillus subtilis supple mentation and dietary crude protein level on growth performance and intestinal morphological changes of meat type chicken[J].Livestock Science,2017,195:99-104.
[4] 张晓慧.枯草芽孢杆菌对AA鸡生长性能的影响及其机理研究[D].湛江:广东海洋大学,2013.
[5] 杨光宇.枯草芽孢杆菌在畜禽生产中的应用[J].饲料博览,2012(2):41-43.
[6] 霍姝伊,邓祖丽颖,姜军坡,等.Z-27菌剂替代抗生素对断奶仔猪肠道消化酶、营养成分及其生长性能的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(6):125-129.
[7] 苏可,刘艳玲,姜军坡,等.Tu-1菌剂替代抗生素对獭兔肠道消化酶活力、盲肠菌群及生长性能的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(6):134-138.
[8] 唐志刚,王俊峰,温超,等.益生菌对肉鸡生产性能、免疫器官指数和血清指标的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2010(4):208-210.
[9] 戴晋军,罗毅,周小辉.禽用枯草芽孢杆菌对白羽肉鸡生长性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2009(8):30-32.
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[11] 陈家祥,张仁义,王全溪,等.地衣芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化指标和血液生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(4):1019-1023.
[12] 王伟,邓祖丽颖,姜军坡,等.枯草芽孢杆菌JA-14菌剂对肉鸡粪便中氨气释放量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(5):136-139.
[13] 余东游,毛翔飞,秦艳,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能及其抗氧化和免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(3):22-25.
[14] 陈彩文,张晓慧,曹赞,等.芽孢杆菌对1～21日龄AA鸡生长性能、血液生化指标及肠道组织结构的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(19):10-14.
[15] 谭荣炳,师昆景,吴灵英,等.枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鹅早期生长和养分存留的影响[J].饲料工业,2008(8):9-11.
[16] 郑春芳,于桂阳.枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生产性能的影响[J].家禽科学,2011(4):38-40.
[17] 齐博,武书庚,王晶,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道形态和菌群数量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(6):1748-1756.
[18] 薛冬玲,潘康成,张钧利,等.枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡生长性能的影响研究[J].家禽科学,2005(3):11-13.
[19] 沈文英,李卫芬,梁权,等.饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对草鱼生长性能、免疫和抗氧化功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(5):881-886.
[20] 李可,罗建杰,孟昆,等.益生菌对肉仔鸡生产性能、胴体性状、免疫功能和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2903-2910.
[21] 刘明超,金融,徐雪梅,等.芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生产性能、免疫功能及肠道发育的影响[J].中国饲料,2015(23):18-20,25.
[22] 张亚兰.微生态制剂对肉鸡生长、免疫及肠道菌群结构的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[23] 利明.日粮中添加芽孢杆菌对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫功能影响的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[24] 倪耀娣,鲁改如,张庆茹.微生态制剂对肉仔鸡免疫器官及抗病力的影响[J].兽药与饲料添加剂,2004,9(1):6-7.
[25] DUC H L,HONG H A,Barbosa T M,et al.Characterization of Bacillus probiotics available for human use[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2004,70(4):2161-2171.
[26] 王雄,邓微,陈孝煊,等.微生态制剂对银鲫血清溶菌酶活性的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2004,24(3):15-16.
[2] 王苇,秦瑶,李爽,等.枯草芽孢杆菌微生态制剂的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(11):217-220.
[3] MAHMOUD K Z,OBEIDAT B S,AL-SADI M Z,et al.Effect of Bacillus subtilis supple mentation and dietary crude protein level on growth performance and intestinal morphological changes of meat type chicken[J].Livestock Science,2017,195:99-104.
[4] 张晓慧.枯草芽孢杆菌对AA鸡生长性能的影响及其机理研究[D].湛江:广东海洋大学,2013.
[5] 杨光宇.枯草芽孢杆菌在畜禽生产中的应用[J].饲料博览,2012(2):41-43.
[6] 霍姝伊,邓祖丽颖,姜军坡,等.Z-27菌剂替代抗生素对断奶仔猪肠道消化酶、营养成分及其生长性能的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(6):125-129.
[7] 苏可,刘艳玲,姜军坡,等.Tu-1菌剂替代抗生素对獭兔肠道消化酶活力、盲肠菌群及生长性能的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(6):134-138.
[8] 唐志刚,王俊峰,温超,等.益生菌对肉鸡生产性能、免疫器官指数和血清指标的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2010(4):208-210.
[9] 戴晋军,罗毅,周小辉.禽用枯草芽孢杆菌对白羽肉鸡生长性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2009(8):30-32.
[10] S?GAARD H,SUHRJESSEN T.Microbials for feed:Beyond lactic acid bacteria[J].Feed International,1990,11(4):33-37.
[11] 陈家祥,张仁义,王全溪,等.地衣芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化指标和血液生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(4):1019-1023.
[12] 王伟,邓祖丽颖,姜军坡,等.枯草芽孢杆菌JA-14菌剂对肉鸡粪便中氨气释放量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(5):136-139.
[13] 余东游,毛翔飞,秦艳,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能及其抗氧化和免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(3):22-25.
[14] 陈彩文,张晓慧,曹赞,等.芽孢杆菌对1～21日龄AA鸡生长性能、血液生化指标及肠道组织结构的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(19):10-14.
[15] 谭荣炳,师昆景,吴灵英,等.枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鹅早期生长和养分存留的影响[J].饲料工业,2008(8):9-11.
[16] 郑春芳,于桂阳.枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生产性能的影响[J].家禽科学,2011(4):38-40.
[17] 齐博,武书庚,王晶,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道形态和菌群数量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(6):1748-1756.
[18] 薛冬玲,潘康成,张钧利,等.枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡生长性能的影响研究[J].家禽科学,2005(3):11-13.
[19] 沈文英,李卫芬,梁权,等.饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对草鱼生长性能、免疫和抗氧化功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(5):881-886.
[20] 李可,罗建杰,孟昆,等.益生菌对肉仔鸡生产性能、胴体性状、免疫功能和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2903-2910.
[21] 刘明超,金融,徐雪梅,等.芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生产性能、免疫功能及肠道发育的影响[J].中国饲料,2015(23):18-20,25.
[22] 张亚兰.微生态制剂对肉鸡生长、免疫及肠道菌群结构的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[23] 利明.日粮中添加芽孢杆菌对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫功能影响的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[24] 倪耀娣,鲁改如,张庆茹.微生态制剂对肉仔鸡免疫器官及抗病力的影响[J].兽药与饲料添加剂,2004,9(1):6-7.
[25] DUC H L,HONG H A,Barbosa T M,et al.Characterization of Bacillus probiotics available for human use[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2004,70(4):2161-2171.
[26] 王雄,邓微,陈孝煊,等.微生态制剂对银鲫血清溶菌酶活性的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2004,24(3):15-16.