增水对青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统表层土壤碳氮的影响
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摘要
通过人为多梯度增加降水的控制实验,观察高寒草甸生态系统中表层(-10cm)土壤碳(Total Carbon,TC)氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)对降水增加的响应。结果显示:3年5个梯度的增水处理未引起表层土壤碳氮产生显著的变化,但2014年和2015年在增水40%和增水80%处理下,土壤总碳、土壤总氮有一定增加(P>0. 05);表层土壤铵态氮总体有增加的趋势(P> 0. 05),硝态氮总体有减少的趋势(P> 0. 05)。表明短期的增水处理不会引起表层土壤碳氮发生显著变化。
By control experiments of artificially increasing precipitation,we observe the response of topsoil(-10 cm) total carbon(TC) and total nitrogen(TN) to precipitation increasing in the alpine meadow ecosystem. The results showed that the experiment with three years of five gradient precipitation increase treatments had no significant effect on surface TC/TN,but TN and TC has increase with the precipitation increase treatment of 40% and 80% in 2014 and 2015(P > 0. 05). There was an overall increase in NH+4-N in the topsoil(P > 0. 05) while NO-3-N was decreased(P > 0. 05). The results showed that short term precipitation increase did not cause the significant change of TC/TN.
By control experiments of artificially increasing precipitation,we observe the response of topsoil(-10 cm) total carbon(TC) and total nitrogen(TN) to precipitation increasing in the alpine meadow ecosystem. The results showed that the experiment with three years of five gradient precipitation increase treatments had no significant effect on surface TC/TN,but TN and TC has increase with the precipitation increase treatment of 40% and 80% in 2014 and 2015(P > 0. 05). There was an overall increase in NH+4-N in the topsoil(P > 0. 05) while NO-3-N was decreased(P > 0. 05). The results showed that short term precipitation increase did not cause the significant change of TC/TN.
引文
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[25]闫钟清,齐玉春,董云社,等.草地生态系统氮循环关键过程对全球变化及人类活动的响应与机制[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):279-292.
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[28] Johnston C A,Groffman P,Breshears D D,et al. Carbon cycling in soil[J]. Frontiers in Ecology&the Environment,2004,2(10):522-528.
[29] Yan L,Chen S,Huang J,et al. Increasing water and nitrogen availability enhanced net ecosystem CO2assimilation of a temperate semiarid steppe[J]. Plant Soil,2011,349:227-240.
[30]高文栋,钟圣赟,刘伟丰,等.吊罗山青皮林土壤硝化—反硝化作用及其影响因素[J].林业资源管理,2014(5):69-73.
[31] Li Y L,Tenhunen J,Owen K,et al. Patterns in CO2gas exchange capacity of grassland ecosystems in the Alps[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2008,148(1):51-68.
[32] Jackson M B,Colmer T D. Response and Adaptation by Plants to Flooding Stress[J]. Annals of Botany,2005,96(4):501-505.
[33] Wang W Y,Wang Q J,Wang C Y,et al. The effect of land management on carbon and nitrogen status in plants and soils of alpine meadows on the Tibetan plateau[J]. Land Degradation&Development,2005,16(5):405-415.
[34] Cookson W R,Osman M,Marschner P,et al. Controls on soil nitrogen cycling and microbial community composition across land use and incubation temperature[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39(3):744-756.
[35] Liu W,Chen S,Zhao Q,et al. Variation and control of soil organic carbon and other nutrients in permafrost regions on central QinghaiTibetan Plateau[J]. Environmental Research Letters,2014,9(11):1-9.
[36] Luo,Y,Su,B,Currie,W S,et al. Progressive Nitrogen Limitation of Ecosystem Responses to Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide[J].Bioscience,2004,54(8):731-739.
[37] Lin L,Zhu B,Chen C,et al. Precipitation overrides warming in mediating soil nitrogen pools in an alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Scientific Report,2016,6:1-9.
[38] Wang S,Duan J,Xu G,et al. Effects of warming and grazing on soil N availability,species composition,and ANPP in an alpine meadow[J]. Ecology,2012,93:2365-2376.
[39] Chen H,Zhu Q,Peng C H,et al. The impacts of climate change and human activities on biogeochemical cycles on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Global Change Biology,2013,19(10):2940-2955.
[40] Kang S,Xu Y,You Q,et al. Review of climate and cryospheric change in the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Environmental Research Letters,2010,5(1):1-8.
[41] Shaw M R,Harte J. Response of nitrogen cycling to simulated climate change_differential responses along a subalpine ecotone[J].Global Change Biology,2010,7(2):193-210.
[2] Solomon S,Qin D,Manning M,et al. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[M]. Cambridge, USA:Cambridge University Press; 2007.
[3] Reichstein M,Bahn M,Ciais P,et al. Climate extremes and the carbon cycle[J]. Nature,2013,500(7462):287S295.
[4]姚檀栋,陈发虎,崔鹏,等.从青藏高原到第三极和泛第三极[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(9):924-931.
[5] Davidson E A,Janssens I A. Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change[J]. Nature,2006,440(7081):165-173.
[6] Frank B,Jinsheng H E,Karsten S,et al. Pedogenesis,permafrost,and soil moisture as controlling factors for soil nitrogen and carbon contents across the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Global Change Biology,2009,15(12):3001-3017.
[7] Yu C Q,Shen Z X,Zhang X Z,et al. Response of soil C and N,dissolved organic C and N,and inorganic N to short-term experimental warming in an Alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. The Scientific World Journal,2014,2014:1-10.
[8] Reichstein M,Rey A,Freibauer A,et al. Modeling temporal and large-scale spatial variability of soil respiration from soil water availability,temperature and vegetation productivity indices[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2003,17(4):1-15.
[9] Liu W,Zhang Z,Wan S. Predominant role of water in regulating soil and microbial respiration and their responses to climate change in a semiarid grassland[J]. Global Change Biology,2009,15(1):184-195.
[10] LüF M,LüX T,Liu W,et al. Carbon and nitrogen storage in plant and soil as related to nitrogen and water amendment in a temperate steppe of northern China[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils,2010,47(2):187-196.
[11] Zhou X,Chen C,Wang Y,et al. Soil extractable carbon and nitrogen,microbial biomass andmicrobial metabolic activity in response to warming and increased precipitation in a semiarid Inner Mongolian grassland[J]. Geoderma,2013,206:24-31.
[12] Grundmann G L,Renault P,Rosso L,et al. Differential Effects of Soil Water Content and Temperature on Nitrification and Aeration[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1995,59:1342-1349.
[13] Niboyet A,Le Roux X,Dijkstra P,et al. Testing interactive effects of global environmental changes on soil nitrogen cycling[J]. Ecosphere,2011,2(5):1-24.
[14] Zhou X,Chen C,Wang Y,et al. Warming Rather Than Increased Precipitation Increases Soil Recalcitrant Organic Carbon in a Semiarid Grassland after 6 Years of Treatments[J]. PLOS ONE,2013,8(1):1-7.
[15] Chen D,Zhao L,Li Q,et al. Response of Soil Carbon and Nitrogento 15-year Experimental Warming in Two Alpine Habitats(Kobresia Meadow and Potentilla Shrubland)on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2016,25(6):2305-2313.
[16] Jiang L,Wang S,Luo C,et al. Effects of warming and grazing on dissolved organic nitrogen in a Tibetan alpine meadow ecosystem[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2016,158:156-164.
[17] Yang Y H,Luo Y Q,Finzi A C. Carbon and nitrogen dynamics during forest stand development:a global synthesis[J]. New Phytologist,2011,190(4):977-989.
[18] Zhou X Q,Chen C R,Wang Y F,et al. Warming and increased precipitation have differential effects on soil extracellular enzyme activities in a temperate grassland[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2013,444:552-558.
[19]武丹丹,井新,林笠,等.青藏高原高寒草甸土壤无机氮对增温和降水改变的响应[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2016,52(5):959-966.
[20]王丽芹,齐玉春,董云社,等.冻融作用对陆地生态系统氮循环关键过程的影响效应及其机制[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(11):3532-3544.
[21]张宪洲,杨永平,朴世龙,等.青藏高原生态变化[J].科学通报,2015,60(32):3048-3056.
[22] Liu Y W,Xu-Ri,Wang Y S,et al. Wet deposition of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen at five remote sites in the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2015,15(20):11683-11700.
[23] Doetterl S,Stevens A,Six J,et al. Soil carbon storage controlled by interactions between geochemistry and climate[J]. Nature Geoscience,2015,8(10):780-785.
[24] Rui Y,Wang S,Xu Z,et al. Warming and grazing affect soil labile carbon and nitrogen pools differently in an alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China[J]. Journal of Soils&Sediments,2011,11(6):903-914.
[25]闫钟清,齐玉春,董云社,等.草地生态系统氮循环关键过程对全球变化及人类活动的响应与机制[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):279-292.
[26] Wu G L,Ren G H,Dong Q M,et al. Above-and Belowground Response along Degradation Gradient in an Alpine Grassland of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica,2014,42(3):319-323.
[27] Mu C C,Zhang T J,Zhao Q,et al. Soil organic carbon stabilization by iron in permafrostregions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2016,43(19):10286-10294.
[28] Johnston C A,Groffman P,Breshears D D,et al. Carbon cycling in soil[J]. Frontiers in Ecology&the Environment,2004,2(10):522-528.
[29] Yan L,Chen S,Huang J,et al. Increasing water and nitrogen availability enhanced net ecosystem CO2assimilation of a temperate semiarid steppe[J]. Plant Soil,2011,349:227-240.
[30]高文栋,钟圣赟,刘伟丰,等.吊罗山青皮林土壤硝化—反硝化作用及其影响因素[J].林业资源管理,2014(5):69-73.
[31] Li Y L,Tenhunen J,Owen K,et al. Patterns in CO2gas exchange capacity of grassland ecosystems in the Alps[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2008,148(1):51-68.
[32] Jackson M B,Colmer T D. Response and Adaptation by Plants to Flooding Stress[J]. Annals of Botany,2005,96(4):501-505.
[33] Wang W Y,Wang Q J,Wang C Y,et al. The effect of land management on carbon and nitrogen status in plants and soils of alpine meadows on the Tibetan plateau[J]. Land Degradation&Development,2005,16(5):405-415.
[34] Cookson W R,Osman M,Marschner P,et al. Controls on soil nitrogen cycling and microbial community composition across land use and incubation temperature[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39(3):744-756.
[35] Liu W,Chen S,Zhao Q,et al. Variation and control of soil organic carbon and other nutrients in permafrost regions on central QinghaiTibetan Plateau[J]. Environmental Research Letters,2014,9(11):1-9.
[36] Luo,Y,Su,B,Currie,W S,et al. Progressive Nitrogen Limitation of Ecosystem Responses to Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide[J].Bioscience,2004,54(8):731-739.
[37] Lin L,Zhu B,Chen C,et al. Precipitation overrides warming in mediating soil nitrogen pools in an alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Scientific Report,2016,6:1-9.
[38] Wang S,Duan J,Xu G,et al. Effects of warming and grazing on soil N availability,species composition,and ANPP in an alpine meadow[J]. Ecology,2012,93:2365-2376.
[39] Chen H,Zhu Q,Peng C H,et al. The impacts of climate change and human activities on biogeochemical cycles on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Global Change Biology,2013,19(10):2940-2955.
[40] Kang S,Xu Y,You Q,et al. Review of climate and cryospheric change in the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Environmental Research Letters,2010,5(1):1-8.
[41] Shaw M R,Harte J. Response of nitrogen cycling to simulated climate change_differential responses along a subalpine ecotone[J].Global Change Biology,2010,7(2):193-210.