水源井防砂复合筛管的冲蚀磨损试验研究
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摘要
筛管是井下防砂关键器材,对防砂质量、成本和油井产量等都有很大影响,一旦筛管失效将导致水源井出砂停产,使整个防砂作业失败。为了减轻筛管的冲蚀损害,研究了各个因素对金属网布筛管和星孔筛管冲蚀损害的影响规律。结合海上油田生产实际和各种影响因素,研制了冲蚀磨损试验装置。针对2种类型的筛管,模拟了含砂粒径、流速、含砂质量分数和地层水矿化度等因素对其冲蚀的影响程度,并利用灰色关联度的方法对各个影响因素进行了排序和分析。研究结果表明:随着流体流速、粒径和含砂质量分数增加,筛管冲蚀速率增加,地层水矿化度对筛管冲蚀的影响较小;金属网布筛管的冲蚀损害因素的关联度排序为受效面积>砂粒粒径>含砂质量分数>流速;而星孔筛管的关联度排序为受效面积>含砂质量分数>砂粒粒径>流速。2种筛管的主要冲蚀因素都是受效面积,筛管的局部堵塞是造成筛管冲蚀损害的关键因素;金属网布筛管不适用于地层砂粒较粗的井;星孔筛管更适合应用于水源井这样产量较高的井。研究结果对水源井筛管的结构设计和选型具有一定的指导作用。
Screen tube,as the key equipment for downhole sand control,has great influence on sand control quality,cost and well production. The screen failure would result in sanding and shut in of the water source well,leading to failed sand control operation. To reduce the erosion of the screen,the influences of various factors on the erosion damage of the metal mesh screen and the star-hole screen are studied. Based on the actual production conditions and various influencing factors of offshore oilfields,an erosion wear experiment device was developed. For the two types of screens,the effects of sand particle size,flow rate,sand concentration and formation water salinity on the screen erosion wear were simulated. The various influencing factors were sorted and analyzed by the method of grey correlation. The results show that with the increase of fluid flow rate,sand particle size and sand concentration,the erosion rate of the screen increases. The influence of formation water salinity on the erosion of the screen tube is small. The correlation degree rank of erosion damage factor of the metal mesh screen is as follows: effective area > sand particle size > sand concentration > flow rate,and for the correlation degree rank of star hole screen:effective area > sand concentration > sand particle size > flow rate. The main erosion factor of the two kinds of screen tubes is the effective area. The partial blockage of the screen tube is the key factor causing the erosion of the screen tube. The metal mesh screen tube is not suitable for the well with coarse sand grains. While the star hole screen is more suitable for wells with higher yields such as water source wells. The study results could provide certain guidance in the structural design and selection of the water source well sand control screen.
Screen tube,as the key equipment for downhole sand control,has great influence on sand control quality,cost and well production. The screen failure would result in sanding and shut in of the water source well,leading to failed sand control operation. To reduce the erosion of the screen,the influences of various factors on the erosion damage of the metal mesh screen and the star-hole screen are studied. Based on the actual production conditions and various influencing factors of offshore oilfields,an erosion wear experiment device was developed. For the two types of screens,the effects of sand particle size,flow rate,sand concentration and formation water salinity on the screen erosion wear were simulated. The various influencing factors were sorted and analyzed by the method of grey correlation. The results show that with the increase of fluid flow rate,sand particle size and sand concentration,the erosion rate of the screen increases. The influence of formation water salinity on the erosion of the screen tube is small. The correlation degree rank of erosion damage factor of the metal mesh screen is as follows: effective area > sand particle size > sand concentration > flow rate,and for the correlation degree rank of star hole screen:effective area > sand concentration > sand particle size > flow rate. The main erosion factor of the two kinds of screen tubes is the effective area. The partial blockage of the screen tube is the key factor causing the erosion of the screen tube. The metal mesh screen tube is not suitable for the well with coarse sand grains. While the star hole screen is more suitable for wells with higher yields such as water source wells. The study results could provide certain guidance in the structural design and selection of the water source well sand control screen.
引文
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[18]邓聚龙.灰色系统理论教程[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1990.DENG J L. The grey system theory tutorial[M]. Wu-han:Huazhong University of Science Press,1990.
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[20]张希,唐红涛,李瑞莎,等.基于灰色关联度的鲜水河断裂活动特性与大震关系研究[J].地震研究,2012,35(4):500-505.ZHANG X,TANG H T,LI R S,et al. Research onactivity features of Xianshuihe fault and its relationshipwith great earthquakes based upon grey eelation degreemethod[J]. Journal of Seismological Research,2012,35(4):500-505.
[21]李炳军,朱春阳,周杰.原始数据无量纲化处理方法对灰色关联序的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2002,36(2):199-202.LI B J,ZHU C Y,ZHOU J. Effects of non-dimension-al quantities of original data on grey incidence order[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Univesity,2002,36(2):199-202.
[22]徐刚,刘鹏,张启龙,等.渤海油田典型井套管损坏原因分析[J].表面技术,2017,46(7):168-172.XU G,LIU P,ZHANG Q L,et al. Analysis of casingdamage on typical wells in Bohai oilfield[J]. SurfaceTechnology,2017,46(7):168-172.
[2]匡韶华,王宝权.筛管冲蚀磨损研究综述及预防措施[J].石油工业技术监督,2015,31(4):44-48.KUANG S H, WANG B Q. Review and preventivemeasures of erosion wear of sieve tube[J]. TechnicalSupervision in Petroleum Industry,2015,31(4):44-48.
[3]房茂军,曾祥林,梁丹,等.稠油出砂规律及出砂模拟试验研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(6):135-138.FANG M J,ZENG X L,LIANG D,et al. Study on thesanding law and sanding production simulation experi-ment of heavy oil[J]. Journal of Southwest PetroleumUnivercity(Science&Technology Edition),2010,32(6):135-138.
[4]刘新锋,王新根,刘正伟,等.热采防砂筛管冲蚀试验研究与应用[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2016,13(17):58-62.LIU X F,WANG X G,LIU Z W,et al. Research andapplication of the erosion test of sand and sand proofsieve tube in thermal recovery[J]. Journal of YangtzeUniversity(Natural Science Edition), 2016, 13(17):58-62.
[5]刘宗恩,韩兵奇,张坤.油气井防砂冲蚀试验装置[J].液压气动与密封,2015(6):35-38.LIU Z E,HAN B Q,ZHANG K. Erosion test device ofthe sand management for oil and gas well[J]. Hydrau-lics Pneumatics&Seals,2015(6):35-38.
[6]汤文博,孙玉福,陶玲.等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的冲蚀磨损特性[J].表面技术,2002,31(4):15-16,20.TANG W B,SUN Y F,TAO L,et al. Erosion and wearcharacteristics of plasma sprayed Al2O3ceramic coatings[J]. Surface Technology,2002,31(4):15-16,20.
[7] CAMERON J A,JONE S C. Development,verification,and application of a screen erosion model[R]. SPE107473-MS,2007.
[8] DENG F C,DENG J G,HU L B. Simulation researchon the erosion of slotted screen for the unconsolidatedsand formation[J]. Arabian Journal for Science&En-gineering,2014,39(6):5237-5243.
[9]郑生宏,贺建国,贾品元,等.加热炉换热盘管阻垢涂层新技术[J].石油机械,2015,43(10):108-111.ZHENG S H,HE J G,JIA P Y,et al. New anti-scalecoating technology for furnace heat exchanger coil[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(10):108-111.
[10]田守嶒,张启龙,李根生,等.超临界CO2直旋混合射流破岩特性的试验研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2016,36(2):189-197.TIAN S C,ZHANG Q L,LI G S,et al. Experimentalstudy on rock-erosion features with combined swirlingand round jet of supercritical carbon dioxide[J]. Ex-plosion and Shock Waves, 2016, 36(2):189-197.
[11]柯熠,毛桂庭,欧阳邓培,等.后混式高压磨料水射流磨料分布规律分析[J].矿冶工程,2017,37(5):30-34.KE Y,MAO G T,OUYANG D P,et al. Analysis ofabrasive distribution for high pressure abrasive water jet[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2017,37(5):30-34.
[12]饶培军,李宝玉,毛凯昭,等.旋转磨料射流钻孔装置的研究[J].煤矿机械,2013(5):138-139.RAO P J,LI B Y,MAO K Z,et al. Research on de-vice of rotary abrasive jet drilling[J]. Coal Mine Ma-chinery,2013(5):138-139.
[13]王超,董健,鞠少栋,等.超高压磨料射流喷嘴流场分析及结构优化[J].石油机械,2017,45(6):91-95.WANG C,DONG J,JU S D,et al. Flow field analy-sis and structure optimization of ultrahigh pressure ab-rasive water jet nozzle[J]. China Petroleum Machin-ery,2017,45(6):91-95.
[14]李国美,王跃社,黄刚,等.套管壁面颗粒冲蚀预测及减弱措施研究[J].石油机械,2010,36(1):20-24.LI G M,WANG Y S,HUANG G,et al. Prediction ofthe erosion of particles on the casing wall surface[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2010,36(1):20-24.
[15]曹砚锋,王瑞和,周卫东,等.旋转磨料射流冲蚀套管的试验研究[J].石油钻探技术,2001,29(4):17-18.CAO Y F,WANG R H,ZHOU W D,et al. Experi-mental study on casing erosion by rotary abrasive jetflow[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2001,29(4):17-18.
[16]丁宇奇,兰乘宇,刘巨保,等.分层压裂管柱冲蚀特性数值模拟与实验分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2017,39(2):231-236.DING Y Q,LAN C Y,LIU J B,et al. Numericalsimulation and experimental analysis of separate layerfracturing string erosion properties[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2017,39(2):231-236.
[17]杨向前,王虹富,樊建春. 35CrMo钢冲蚀磨损性能和机制的研究[J].石油机械,2017,45(7):72-77.YANG X Q,WANG H F,FAN J C. Study on erosionwear property and mechanism of 35CrMo steel[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(7):72-77.
[18]邓聚龙.灰色系统理论教程[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1990.DENG J L. The grey system theory tutorial[M]. Wu-han:Huazhong University of Science Press,1990.
[19]晋盛武,吴鹏,金菊良.安徽典型城市环境K线形态及灰色关联度分析[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(7):2068-2077.JIN S W,WU P,JIN J L. Environmental kuznetscurve(EKC)shape features in typical cities of Anhuiprovince and analysis of gray correlation degree[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(7):2068-2077.
[20]张希,唐红涛,李瑞莎,等.基于灰色关联度的鲜水河断裂活动特性与大震关系研究[J].地震研究,2012,35(4):500-505.ZHANG X,TANG H T,LI R S,et al. Research onactivity features of Xianshuihe fault and its relationshipwith great earthquakes based upon grey eelation degreemethod[J]. Journal of Seismological Research,2012,35(4):500-505.
[21]李炳军,朱春阳,周杰.原始数据无量纲化处理方法对灰色关联序的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2002,36(2):199-202.LI B J,ZHU C Y,ZHOU J. Effects of non-dimension-al quantities of original data on grey incidence order[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Univesity,2002,36(2):199-202.
[22]徐刚,刘鹏,张启龙,等.渤海油田典型井套管损坏原因分析[J].表面技术,2017,46(7):168-172.XU G,LIU P,ZHANG Q L,et al. Analysis of casingdamage on typical wells in Bohai oilfield[J]. SurfaceTechnology,2017,46(7):168-172.