2,4-D丁酯在裸燕麦中的残留消解动态及其对带壳率的影响
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摘要
为了探讨2,4-D丁酯对裸燕麦安全性的影响,以白燕2号为材料,研究了低、中和高浓度(450,750和1 050mL·hm-2)2,4-D丁酯在裸燕麦中的残留差异及其对燕麦带壳率、株高的影响。结果表明:随着施用浓度的升高,2,4-D丁酯的残留量也在增加。施药7d后,高浓度下2,4-D丁酯在裸燕麦中的残留量为0.802mg·kg~(-1),比低浓度显著(P<0.05)高出147.53%,且2,4-D的残留量与2,4-D丁酯的用量呈正相关关系;28d后高浓度下裸燕麦中2,4-D残留量最高,达0.032mg·kg~(-1),中浓度下为0.026mg·kg~(-1),比低浓度处理显著(P<0.05)高出3～4倍。2,4-D丁酯喷施后对裸燕麦的安全性影响也非常显著。2,4-D丁酯增加裸燕麦的带壳率,降低了株高,高浓度下带壳率达5.61%,显著(P<0.05)高于对照,株高较对照显著(P<0.05)降低了12.90%。中、高浓度下,白燕2号均表现出药害现象,2,4-D丁酯残留量较高,低浓度处理对裸燕麦安全。
In order to investigate the effect of 2,4-D butyl ester on safety in naked oat,‘Baiyan No.2'was used as material to study the residuals of low,medium and high concentrations(450,750 and 1 050 mL·hm-2)2,4-D butyl ester in naked oat and their effects on shell rate and plant height of oat.The results showed that the residue amount of 2,4-D butyl ester in naked oat increased with increasing the concentration of 2,4-D butyl ester.2,4-d butyl ester sprayed after 7 days,the residue amount of 2,4-D butyl ester in naked oat under high dosage was 0.802 mg·kg~(-1),147.53% higher(P<0.05)than low dosage.The residue amount of 2,4-D was positively correlated with the dosage of 2,4-D butyl ester.After 28 days,the residue amount of 2,4-D in naked oats was0.032 mg·kg~(-1) under high dosage and 0.026 mg·kg~(-1) under medium,which was 3 to 4 times greater than that under the low dosage(P<0.05).2,4-D butyl ester had significant effects on the safety of naked oat.2,4-D butyl ester increased the shell rate of oat,reaching 5.61%under high dosage,and decreased the plant height,12.90%decrease compared to the control.Medium and high dosage caused damage of‘Baiyan No.2'and the high residue amount of 2,4-D butyl ester,and low dosage was safe.
In order to investigate the effect of 2,4-D butyl ester on safety in naked oat,‘Baiyan No.2'was used as material to study the residuals of low,medium and high concentrations(450,750 and 1 050 mL·hm-2)2,4-D butyl ester in naked oat and their effects on shell rate and plant height of oat.The results showed that the residue amount of 2,4-D butyl ester in naked oat increased with increasing the concentration of 2,4-D butyl ester.2,4-d butyl ester sprayed after 7 days,the residue amount of 2,4-D butyl ester in naked oat under high dosage was 0.802 mg·kg~(-1),147.53% higher(P<0.05)than low dosage.The residue amount of 2,4-D was positively correlated with the dosage of 2,4-D butyl ester.After 28 days,the residue amount of 2,4-D in naked oats was0.032 mg·kg~(-1) under high dosage and 0.026 mg·kg~(-1) under medium,which was 3 to 4 times greater than that under the low dosage(P<0.05).2,4-D butyl ester had significant effects on the safety of naked oat.2,4-D butyl ester increased the shell rate of oat,reaching 5.61%under high dosage,and decreased the plant height,12.90%decrease compared to the control.Medium and high dosage caused damage of‘Baiyan No.2'and the high residue amount of 2,4-D butyl ester,and low dosage was safe.
引文
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[19]SINGH S P,ULLER M.Translocation of 2,4-D,asulam and amitrole in water hyacinth[J].Weed Research,1979,19(3):171-183
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[21]LJUNG K,HULL A K,KOWALCZYK M,et al.Biosynthesis,conjugation,catabolism and homeostasis of indole-3-acetic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Plant Molecular Biology,2002,49(3-4):309-332
[22]NAMBARA E,MARION-POLL A.Abscisic acid biosynthesis and catabolism[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2005,56(56):165-185
[23]HANSEN H,GROSSMANN K.Auxin-induced ethylene triggers abscisic acid biosynthesis and growth inhibition[J].Plant Physiology,2000,124(3):1437-1448
[24]叶福钧,孙泽民.皮、裸燕麦种间杂交外稃性状遗传规律的研究[J].内蒙古农业科技,1985,13(3):8-13
[25]尹大海,张爱峰,李魁英.莜麦×燕麦杂种裸粒性的遗传[J].草业科学,1998,15(2):14-16,19
[26]JENKINS G,HANSON P R.The genetics of naked oats(Avena nuda L.)[J].Euphytica,1976,25(1):167-174.
[27]ATIYYA H S,WILLIAMS W.Genetic control of the nuda character complex in the genus Avena[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1976,86(2),329-334
[28]BOLAND P,LAWES D A.The inheritance of the naked grain character in oats studied in a cross between the naked variety caesar and the husked variety BO1/11[J].Euphytica,1973,22(3):582-591
[29]DE KOEYER D L,TINKER N A,WIGHT C P,et al.A molecular linkage map with associated QTLs from a hulless×covered spring oat population[J].Theoretical Applied Genetics,2004,108(7):1285-1298
[30]LAWES D A,BOLAND P.Effect of temperature on the expression of the naked grain character in oats[J].Euphytica,1974,23(1):101-104
[31]OUGHAM H J,LATIPOVA G,VALENTINE J.Morphological and biochemical characterization of spikelet development in naked oats(Avena sativa)[J].New Phytologist,1996,134(1):5-12
[32]李宪章,徐廷玉,涂鹤龄,等.2,4-D丁酯诱导野燕麦不孕的研究[J].植物学通报,1985,3(6):24-26
[2]卢健鸣,杨春,巫东堂,等.几种杂粮的营养及其保健食品的开发[J].食品工业科技,2001,22(5):86-87
[3]黄相国,葛菊梅.燕麦(Avena sativa L.)的营养成分与保健价值探讨[J].麦类作物学报,2004,24(4):147-149
[4]贾娜,施海燕,王鸣华.2,4-D丁酯的水解与光解特性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(6):1082-1086
[5]LINSCOTT D L.Metabolism of herbicides,degradation of 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid[4-(2,4-DB)]in Plants[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1964,12(1):7-10
[6]张小卫.2,4-D丁酯对冬小麦安全性及产量的影响[J].小麦研究,2013,34(1):10-16
[7]MARIO M Z,ALBERTO P L.Effect of herbicides applied during grain ripening on quality and yield of wheat[J].Agricultural Técnica,2005,65(3):12-18
[8]李巍,杜晓华,尚辉,等.除草剂对苎麻生长及经济性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(9):138-144
[9]樊海安.2.4-D丁酯与百草敌复配防除麦田杂草试验[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(13):5516-5517
[10]刘欢,慕平,赵桂琴,等.2种除草剂对燕麦产量、杂草防除及后茬作物安全性的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(1):187-193
[11]李涛,范洁群,温广月,等.50%氟胺草唑WG防除沟叶结缕草草坪杂草技术研究[J].草地学报,2017,25(5):1126-1130
[12]张玉聚,李继德,张德胜,等.苯氧羧酸类和苯甲酸类除草剂药害诊断与安全应用技术[J].河南农业科学,2001,30(11):13-15
[13]LARGE E C,DILLOM W W S R.Ear distortion in barley and other cereals caused by spraying with MCPA and 2,4-D[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1951,41(4):338-349
[14]宋旭东,赵桂琴,柴继宽.不同类型除草剂的田间防效及其对裸燕麦带壳率和产量的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(1):171-178
[15]周艳明,李冬烨,胡睿.气相色谱法测定2,4-滴丁酯在水果中的残留[J].农药,2010,49(1):39-40
[16]赵桂琴,琚泽亮,柴继宽.除草剂2,4-D丁酯对皮燕麦安全性和产量的影响及其残留动态分析[J].草业学报,2018,27(6):148-157
[17]耿志明,陈明,王冉,等.高效液相色谱法测定柑橘中2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸残留[J].江苏农业学报,2007,23(1):67-70
[18]黄春艳.大豆除草剂使用技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,2010:55
[19]SINGH S P,ULLER M.Translocation of 2,4-D,asulam and amitrole in water hyacinth[J].Weed Research,1979,19(3):171-183
[20]苏少泉.激素类除草剂的发展与杂草抗性[J].农药研究与应用,2011,15(06):1-6
[21]LJUNG K,HULL A K,KOWALCZYK M,et al.Biosynthesis,conjugation,catabolism and homeostasis of indole-3-acetic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Plant Molecular Biology,2002,49(3-4):309-332
[22]NAMBARA E,MARION-POLL A.Abscisic acid biosynthesis and catabolism[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2005,56(56):165-185
[23]HANSEN H,GROSSMANN K.Auxin-induced ethylene triggers abscisic acid biosynthesis and growth inhibition[J].Plant Physiology,2000,124(3):1437-1448
[24]叶福钧,孙泽民.皮、裸燕麦种间杂交外稃性状遗传规律的研究[J].内蒙古农业科技,1985,13(3):8-13
[25]尹大海,张爱峰,李魁英.莜麦×燕麦杂种裸粒性的遗传[J].草业科学,1998,15(2):14-16,19
[26]JENKINS G,HANSON P R.The genetics of naked oats(Avena nuda L.)[J].Euphytica,1976,25(1):167-174.
[27]ATIYYA H S,WILLIAMS W.Genetic control of the nuda character complex in the genus Avena[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1976,86(2),329-334
[28]BOLAND P,LAWES D A.The inheritance of the naked grain character in oats studied in a cross between the naked variety caesar and the husked variety BO1/11[J].Euphytica,1973,22(3):582-591
[29]DE KOEYER D L,TINKER N A,WIGHT C P,et al.A molecular linkage map with associated QTLs from a hulless×covered spring oat population[J].Theoretical Applied Genetics,2004,108(7):1285-1298
[30]LAWES D A,BOLAND P.Effect of temperature on the expression of the naked grain character in oats[J].Euphytica,1974,23(1):101-104
[31]OUGHAM H J,LATIPOVA G,VALENTINE J.Morphological and biochemical characterization of spikelet development in naked oats(Avena sativa)[J].New Phytologist,1996,134(1):5-12
[32]李宪章,徐廷玉,涂鹤龄,等.2,4-D丁酯诱导野燕麦不孕的研究[J].植物学通报,1985,3(6):24-26