新时代高校立德树人的新方向和新路径——兼论大学思想政治理论课改革
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摘要
习近平总书记关于高校立德树人的重要论述,系统回答了高校"培养什么人、怎样培养人、为谁培养人"这一根本问题,为新时代高校落实立德树人根本任务指明了新方向,提供了新路径。基于深入学习习近平总书记系列重要讲话特别是学校思想政治理论课教师座谈会精神,本文重点阐释新时代高校落实立德树人根本任务的"四梁八柱",即高校立德树人首要问题是"培养什么人",关键课程是高校思想政治理论课,关键主体是高校思想政治理论课教师,实现路径是持续推动思想政治理论课改革创新。而提升大学思想政治理论课实效的重点就是要落实好习近平总书记提出的"八个相统一",即要坚持政治性和学理性相统一、价值性和知识性相统一、建设性和批判性相统一、理论性和实践性相统一、统一性和多样性相统一、主导性和主体性相统一、灌输性和启发性相统一以及显性教育和隐性教育相统一。
General Secretary Xi Jinping's important exposition on the cultivation of talents by moral education in colleges and universities systematically answered the fundamental question of "who to cultivate,how to cultivate and for whom to cultivate talents",pointing out a new direction and providing a new path for the implementation of the fundamental task of cultivating talents by moral education in colleges and universities in the new era. Based on the in-depth study of General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of important speeches,especially the spirit of teacher talk in the ideological and political theory course,the "four beams and eight pillars"of implementing the fundamental task of cultivating talents in the new era were illustrated in the paper. That is to say,the primary problem of cultivating talents in moral education in colleges and universities is"who should be trained". The key course is the ideological and political education in colleges and universities. The key subject of theory course is the teachers of ideological and political theory course,and the way to realize it is to continuously promote the reform and innovation of ideological and political theory course. The key to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political theory course is to implement the "eight unifications"put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping,that is,to adhere to the unification of political nature and academic rationality,value and knowledge,constructiveness and criticism,theory and practice,unity and diversity,the dominance and subjectivity,indoctrination and enlightenment,and the explicit and implicit education.
General Secretary Xi Jinping's important exposition on the cultivation of talents by moral education in colleges and universities systematically answered the fundamental question of "who to cultivate,how to cultivate and for whom to cultivate talents",pointing out a new direction and providing a new path for the implementation of the fundamental task of cultivating talents by moral education in colleges and universities in the new era. Based on the in-depth study of General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of important speeches,especially the spirit of teacher talk in the ideological and political theory course,the "four beams and eight pillars"of implementing the fundamental task of cultivating talents in the new era were illustrated in the paper. That is to say,the primary problem of cultivating talents in moral education in colleges and universities is"who should be trained". The key course is the ideological and political education in colleges and universities. The key subject of theory course is the teachers of ideological and political theory course,and the way to realize it is to continuously promote the reform and innovation of ideological and political theory course. The key to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political theory course is to implement the "eight unifications"put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping,that is,to adhere to the unification of political nature and academic rationality,value and knowledge,constructiveness and criticism,theory and practice,unity and diversity,the dominance and subjectivity,indoctrination and enlightenment,and the explicit and implicit education.
引文
[1]习近平.坚持中国特色社会主义教育发展道路培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人[N].人民日报,2018-09-11(01).
[2]马克思,恩格斯.共产党宣言[M].北京:人民出版社,2005:26.
[3]崔保师.深刻学习领会习近平总书记关于教育的重要论述的科学内涵[J].教育研究,2018,39(9):4-8.
[4]习近平.把思想政治工作贯穿教育教学全过程开创我国高等教育事业发展新局面[N].人民日报,2016-12-09(01).
[5]习近平.用新时代中国特色社会主义思想铸魂育人贯彻党的教育方针落实立德树人根本任务[N].人民日报,2019-03-19(01).
[6]教育部:高等教育毛入学率达48. 1%将进入高等教育普及化阶段[EB/OL].(2019-02-26)[2019-05-14]. http://www. chinanews. com/sh/2019/02-26/8765168. shtml.
[7]姜朝晖.“两学一做”助力中国高等教育转型发展[J].重庆高教研究,2017,5(3):121-127.
[8]姜朝晖.新时代高校人才培养的战略定位与发展路径:基于《关于深化教育体制机制改革的意见》的解读[J].重庆高教研究,2018,6(1):3-11.
[9]陈兴明.中国大学“苏联模式”课程体系的形成与变革[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2012:31.
[10]中共中央国务院印发《关于加强和改进新形势下高校思想政治工作的意见》[N].人民日报,2017-02-28(01).
[11]赵婀娜,丁雅诵.谱写立德铸魂的奋进篇章:全国高校思想政治工作会议以来学校思想政治理论课建设综述[N].人民日报,2019-03-18(01).
[12]佘双好.关于思想政治理论课教学质量评价问题的思考[J].学校党建与思想教育,2018(13):14-18.
[13]中央第八巡视组向教育部党组反馈专项巡视情况[EB/OL].(2016-02-04)[2019-05-17]. http://fanfu.people. com. cn/n1/2016/0204/c64371-28111992. html.
[14]教育部党组第二巡视组向华北电力大学反馈巡视情况[EB/OL].(2017-06-19)[2019-05-17]. http://news. ncepu. edu. cn/hdbd/hdbd1/105966. htm.
[15]习近平:做党和人民满意的好老师:同北京师范大学师生代表座谈时的讲话[EB/OL].(2014-09-09)[2019-05-18]. http://politics. people. com. cn/n/2014/0910/c70731-25629122. html.
[16]霍小光,张晓松.习近平在北京市八一学校考察时强调全面贯彻落实党的教育方针努力把我国基础教育越办越好[N].中国教育报,2016-09-10(01).
[17]本报评论员.推动思想政治理论课改革创新:四论学习贯彻习近平总书记在学校思政课教师座谈会上重要讲话精神[N].中国教育报,2019-03-23(01).
[2]马克思,恩格斯.共产党宣言[M].北京:人民出版社,2005:26.
[3]崔保师.深刻学习领会习近平总书记关于教育的重要论述的科学内涵[J].教育研究,2018,39(9):4-8.
[4]习近平.把思想政治工作贯穿教育教学全过程开创我国高等教育事业发展新局面[N].人民日报,2016-12-09(01).
[5]习近平.用新时代中国特色社会主义思想铸魂育人贯彻党的教育方针落实立德树人根本任务[N].人民日报,2019-03-19(01).
[6]教育部:高等教育毛入学率达48. 1%将进入高等教育普及化阶段[EB/OL].(2019-02-26)[2019-05-14]. http://www. chinanews. com/sh/2019/02-26/8765168. shtml.
[7]姜朝晖.“两学一做”助力中国高等教育转型发展[J].重庆高教研究,2017,5(3):121-127.
[8]姜朝晖.新时代高校人才培养的战略定位与发展路径:基于《关于深化教育体制机制改革的意见》的解读[J].重庆高教研究,2018,6(1):3-11.
[9]陈兴明.中国大学“苏联模式”课程体系的形成与变革[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2012:31.
[10]中共中央国务院印发《关于加强和改进新形势下高校思想政治工作的意见》[N].人民日报,2017-02-28(01).
[11]赵婀娜,丁雅诵.谱写立德铸魂的奋进篇章:全国高校思想政治工作会议以来学校思想政治理论课建设综述[N].人民日报,2019-03-18(01).
[12]佘双好.关于思想政治理论课教学质量评价问题的思考[J].学校党建与思想教育,2018(13):14-18.
[13]中央第八巡视组向教育部党组反馈专项巡视情况[EB/OL].(2016-02-04)[2019-05-17]. http://fanfu.people. com. cn/n1/2016/0204/c64371-28111992. html.
[14]教育部党组第二巡视组向华北电力大学反馈巡视情况[EB/OL].(2017-06-19)[2019-05-17]. http://news. ncepu. edu. cn/hdbd/hdbd1/105966. htm.
[15]习近平:做党和人民满意的好老师:同北京师范大学师生代表座谈时的讲话[EB/OL].(2014-09-09)[2019-05-18]. http://politics. people. com. cn/n/2014/0910/c70731-25629122. html.
[16]霍小光,张晓松.习近平在北京市八一学校考察时强调全面贯彻落实党的教育方针努力把我国基础教育越办越好[N].中国教育报,2016-09-10(01).
[17]本报评论员.推动思想政治理论课改革创新:四论学习贯彻习近平总书记在学校思政课教师座谈会上重要讲话精神[N].中国教育报,2019-03-23(01).