试验林火干扰下兴安落叶松林土壤有效磷的时空变化
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摘要
【目的】研究3种强度火干扰下兴安落叶松林土壤有效磷时间与空间的变化规律及其形成机制,旨在更好地认识火烧迹地恢复初期土壤有效磷营养生境特征,为火干扰森林生态系统恢复提供矿质营养方面的参考。【方法】以大兴安岭北部寒温带兴安落叶松林土壤有效磷为研究对象,采用网格法布设固定样地、土钻法采集土壤样品、硫酸-盐酸浸提法测定土壤有效磷含量,连续定点观测秋季林火点烧试验前后土壤有效磷含量的时空动态。【结果】林火干扰后:(1)轻度火烧区土壤有效磷含量未立即发生显著变化而后逐渐升高;中、重度火烧区土壤有效磷含量立即升高而后持续增强;(2)火烧强度空间格局与土壤有效磷含量空间格局在火烧后各时段均极显著相关,而与土壤有效磷含量变化率的相关性仅表现在火烧后即时阶段,在融雪季、雨季/生长季消失。【结论】大兴安岭北部兴安落叶松林火烧迹地改造和生态恢复初期,土壤有效磷含量升高有利于林地植被恢复。
[Objective]The temporal and spatial change patterns and its formation mechanism on soil available phosphorus were analyzed in the Larix gmelinii forests,which was disturbed by 3 kinds of intensity fire,to understand soil available phosphorus habitat and to provide reference to mineral nutrition regulation in the early vegetation restoration after forest fire. [Method]Taking soil available phosphorus as research object,latticed co-coupled sampling method,soil-drilling method,and H2 SO4-HCl extraction method were conducted to investigate temporal and spatial variations of soil available phosphorus under an autumn experimental forest fire in the boreal Larix gmelinii forests of Great Xing'an Mountain of northeastern China. [Result]After forest fire disturbance:( 1) soil available phosphorus of mild burned area was not changed immediately and then increased,that of moderate burned area or severe burned area increased immediately and then increased continually;( 2) significant correlation of spatial pattern was between soil available phosphorus and fire intensity at each post-fire time node,correlation of spatial pattern between soil available phosphorus change and fire intensity appeared immediately after the fire,but that disappeared after snowmelt season and rainy season/growing season. [Conclusion]In the early years of post-fire forest transformation or ecological restoration,increased soil available phosphorus is advantageous to the forest vegetation restoration of Larix gmelinii forests in Great Xing'an Mountain of northeastern China.
[Objective]The temporal and spatial change patterns and its formation mechanism on soil available phosphorus were analyzed in the Larix gmelinii forests,which was disturbed by 3 kinds of intensity fire,to understand soil available phosphorus habitat and to provide reference to mineral nutrition regulation in the early vegetation restoration after forest fire. [Method]Taking soil available phosphorus as research object,latticed co-coupled sampling method,soil-drilling method,and H2 SO4-HCl extraction method were conducted to investigate temporal and spatial variations of soil available phosphorus under an autumn experimental forest fire in the boreal Larix gmelinii forests of Great Xing'an Mountain of northeastern China. [Result]After forest fire disturbance:( 1) soil available phosphorus of mild burned area was not changed immediately and then increased,that of moderate burned area or severe burned area increased immediately and then increased continually;( 2) significant correlation of spatial pattern was between soil available phosphorus and fire intensity at each post-fire time node,correlation of spatial pattern between soil available phosphorus change and fire intensity appeared immediately after the fire,but that disappeared after snowmelt season and rainy season/growing season. [Conclusion]In the early years of post-fire forest transformation or ecological restoration,increased soil available phosphorus is advantageous to the forest vegetation restoration of Larix gmelinii forests in Great Xing'an Mountain of northeastern China.
引文
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[10]宋雨,胡海清,孙龙,等.大兴安岭不同坡位地表可燃物含水率的动态变化与建模[J].森林工程,2017,33(5):1--7.Song Y,Hu H Q,Sun L,et al. Dynamic change and modeling of moisture content of surface fuel in different slope positions of Daxing'anling[J]. Forest Engineering,2017,33(5):1-7.
[11]李湃,李应珍,杨雪峰,等.大兴安岭林区低效林补植改造生态效应分析[J].森林工程,2016,32(3):36--39.Li P,Li Y Z,Yang X F,et al. Analysis of ecological effect of low function forest replantation in Daxing'anling forest region[J].Forest Engineering,2016,32(3):36-39.
[12]孔健健,张亨宇,荆爽.大兴安岭火后演替初期森林土壤磷的动态变化特征[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(6):1515--1523.Kong J J,Zhang H Y,Jing S. Dynamic characteristics of forest soil phosphorus in the early succession after fire in Great Xing’an Mountains[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(6):1515-1523.
[13]赵彬,孙龙,胡海清,等.兴安落叶松林火后对土壤养分和土壤微生物生物量的影响[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(3):450--459.Zhao B,Sun L,Hu H Q,et al. Post-fire soil microbial biomass and nutrient content of Larix gmelinii forest in autumn[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(3):450--459.
[14]孙明学,贾炜玮,吴瑶.大兴安岭北部地区林火对土壤化学性质的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(5):33-35.Sun M X,Jia W W,Wu Y. Effect of forest fire on soil chemical properties in northern Daxing'an Mountains[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2009,37(5):33--35.
[15]孙龙,赵俊,胡海清.中度火干扰对白桦落叶松混交林土壤理化性质的影响[J].林业科学,2011,47(2):103--110.Sun L,Zhao J,Hu H Q. Effect of moderate fire disturbance on soil physical and chemical properties of Betula platyphylla-Larix gmelinii mixed forest[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2011,47(2):103--110.
[16] Cui X Y,Gao F,Song J F,et al. Changes in soil total organic carbon after an experimental fire in a cold temperate coniferous forest:a sequenced monitoring approach[J]. Geoderma,2014,226--227:260--269.
[17]张韫,李传波,崔晓阳.大兴安岭北部试验林火干扰下土壤密度的时空变化[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(6):48-54.Zhang Y,Li C B,Cui X Y. Temporal and spatial variations of soil bulk density by experimental forest fire in Daxing'an Mountains[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2018,40(6):48--54.
[18]崔晓阳,郝敬梅,赵山山,等.大兴安岭北部试验林火影响下土壤有机碳含量的时空变化[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):195-200.Cui X Y,Hao J M,Zhao S S,et al. Temporal and spatial changes of top soil organic carbon content as affected by experimental forest fire in Greater Xing'an Mountains[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(5):195--200.
[19]张韫.土壤·植物·水理化分析教程[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2011:76--80.Zhang Y. Soil, plants, water physical and chemical analysis tutorial[M]. Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2011:76--80.
[20] RomanyàJ,Khanna P K,Raison R J. Effects of slash burning on soil phosphorus fractions and sorption and desorption of phosphorus[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,1994,65(2-3):89--103.
[21]周丽丽,李婧楠,米彩红,等.秸秆生物炭输入对冻融期棕壤磷有效性的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):171-179.Zhou L L,Li J N,Mi C H,et al. Effect of straw biochar on availability of phosphorus in brown soil during the freezing and thawing period[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54(1):171--179.
[22]范昊明,靳丽,周丽丽,等.冻融循环作用对黑土有效磷含量变化的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(3):18-22.Fan H M,Jin L,Zhou L L,et al. Influence of freezing and thawing on available phosphorus content of black soil[J]. Bulletin of Soil And Water Conservation,2015,35(3):18--22.
[23]谢青琰,高永恒.冻融对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤碳氮磷有效性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):137-142.Xie Q Y,Gao Y H. the effects of freeziong-thawing on soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus availabilities in alpine meadow on the Qinghai-tibetan plateau[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(1):137--142.
[24]崔晓阳.土壤资源学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007:116-121.Cui X Y. Soil resources[M]. Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2007:116-121.
[2]张凌宇,刘兆刚.大兴安岭盘古林场2种优势树种空间分布格局研究[J].森林工程,2017,33(2):11--16.Zhang L Y,Liu Z G. Study on spatial pattern of two dominant species forest types in the great hingan pangu forest stand[J].Forest Engineering,2017,33(2):11-16.
[3]孔健健,杨健.火干扰对北方针叶林土壤环境的影响[J].土壤通报,2014,45(2):291-296.Kong J J,Yang J. A review of effects of fire disturbance on soil environment in boreal coniferous forests[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2014,45(2):291--296.
[4]崔晓阳,方怀龙.城市绿地土壤及其管理[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2001:118-126.Cui X Y,Fang H L. Urban green land and its management[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2001:118-126.
[5]严正娟.施用粪肥对设施菜田土壤磷素形态与移动性的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015:7--8.Yan Z J. Effects of manure application on the form and mobility of soil phosphorus in vegetable greenhouse[D]. Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015:7--8.
[6] Certini G. Effects of fire on properties of forest soils:a review[J].Oecologia,2005,143(1):1-10.
[7] Kutiel P, Shaviv A. Effect of simulated forest fire on the availability of N and P in Mediterranean soils[J]. Plant and Soil,1989,120(1):57-63.
[8] Schaller J,Tischer A,Struyf E,et al. Fire enhances phosphorus availability in top soils depending on binding properties[J].Ecology,2015,96(6):1598--1606.
[9]杨光,舒立福,邸雪颖.气候变化影响下大兴安岭地区21世纪森林火险等级变化预测[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(12):3236--3242.Yang G,Shu L F,Di X Y. Prediction on the changes of forest fire danger rating in Great Xing’an Mountain region of Northeast China in the 21st century under effects of climate change[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(12):3236--3242.
[10]宋雨,胡海清,孙龙,等.大兴安岭不同坡位地表可燃物含水率的动态变化与建模[J].森林工程,2017,33(5):1--7.Song Y,Hu H Q,Sun L,et al. Dynamic change and modeling of moisture content of surface fuel in different slope positions of Daxing'anling[J]. Forest Engineering,2017,33(5):1-7.
[11]李湃,李应珍,杨雪峰,等.大兴安岭林区低效林补植改造生态效应分析[J].森林工程,2016,32(3):36--39.Li P,Li Y Z,Yang X F,et al. Analysis of ecological effect of low function forest replantation in Daxing'anling forest region[J].Forest Engineering,2016,32(3):36-39.
[12]孔健健,张亨宇,荆爽.大兴安岭火后演替初期森林土壤磷的动态变化特征[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(6):1515--1523.Kong J J,Zhang H Y,Jing S. Dynamic characteristics of forest soil phosphorus in the early succession after fire in Great Xing’an Mountains[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(6):1515-1523.
[13]赵彬,孙龙,胡海清,等.兴安落叶松林火后对土壤养分和土壤微生物生物量的影响[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(3):450--459.Zhao B,Sun L,Hu H Q,et al. Post-fire soil microbial biomass and nutrient content of Larix gmelinii forest in autumn[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(3):450--459.
[14]孙明学,贾炜玮,吴瑶.大兴安岭北部地区林火对土壤化学性质的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(5):33-35.Sun M X,Jia W W,Wu Y. Effect of forest fire on soil chemical properties in northern Daxing'an Mountains[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2009,37(5):33--35.
[15]孙龙,赵俊,胡海清.中度火干扰对白桦落叶松混交林土壤理化性质的影响[J].林业科学,2011,47(2):103--110.Sun L,Zhao J,Hu H Q. Effect of moderate fire disturbance on soil physical and chemical properties of Betula platyphylla-Larix gmelinii mixed forest[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2011,47(2):103--110.
[16] Cui X Y,Gao F,Song J F,et al. Changes in soil total organic carbon after an experimental fire in a cold temperate coniferous forest:a sequenced monitoring approach[J]. Geoderma,2014,226--227:260--269.
[17]张韫,李传波,崔晓阳.大兴安岭北部试验林火干扰下土壤密度的时空变化[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(6):48-54.Zhang Y,Li C B,Cui X Y. Temporal and spatial variations of soil bulk density by experimental forest fire in Daxing'an Mountains[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2018,40(6):48--54.
[18]崔晓阳,郝敬梅,赵山山,等.大兴安岭北部试验林火影响下土壤有机碳含量的时空变化[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):195-200.Cui X Y,Hao J M,Zhao S S,et al. Temporal and spatial changes of top soil organic carbon content as affected by experimental forest fire in Greater Xing'an Mountains[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(5):195--200.
[19]张韫.土壤·植物·水理化分析教程[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2011:76--80.Zhang Y. Soil, plants, water physical and chemical analysis tutorial[M]. Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2011:76--80.
[20] RomanyàJ,Khanna P K,Raison R J. Effects of slash burning on soil phosphorus fractions and sorption and desorption of phosphorus[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,1994,65(2-3):89--103.
[21]周丽丽,李婧楠,米彩红,等.秸秆生物炭输入对冻融期棕壤磷有效性的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):171-179.Zhou L L,Li J N,Mi C H,et al. Effect of straw biochar on availability of phosphorus in brown soil during the freezing and thawing period[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54(1):171--179.
[22]范昊明,靳丽,周丽丽,等.冻融循环作用对黑土有效磷含量变化的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(3):18-22.Fan H M,Jin L,Zhou L L,et al. Influence of freezing and thawing on available phosphorus content of black soil[J]. Bulletin of Soil And Water Conservation,2015,35(3):18--22.
[23]谢青琰,高永恒.冻融对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤碳氮磷有效性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):137-142.Xie Q Y,Gao Y H. the effects of freeziong-thawing on soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus availabilities in alpine meadow on the Qinghai-tibetan plateau[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(1):137--142.
[24]崔晓阳.土壤资源学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007:116-121.Cui X Y. Soil resources[M]. Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2007:116-121.