高海拔隧道通风、供氧、防灾与节能技术的发展
|
摘要
为保障我国高海拔隧道建设的大力稳固发展,采用调研分析的方法总结近年来我国在高海拔隧道建设、通风、防灾救援以及节能通风等方面完成的研究成果。得到高海拔隧道低压、低氧和低温等环境下的通风控制标准、风机特性、施工供氧技术等综合技术,探明高海拔地区火灾烟气流动特性,明确高海拔地区人员逃生能力及隧道疏散结构参数的确定方法,并介绍高海拔隧道通风照明等节能新技术的发展及应用。
The recent studies of high-altitude tunnels are summarized in terms of construction,ventilation,disaster prevention and rescue,energy-saving ventilation so as to guarantee the rapid development of high-altitude tunnel in China. The ventilation control standard,fan characteristics,oxygen supply during construction in high-altitude,lowpressure,low-oxygen and low-temperature environment are obtained. The characteristics of fire and smoke flow in highaltitude tunnels are identified. The method for determining personnel escape ability and evacuation structure parameters in high-altitude tunnels is demonstrated. Finally,the development and application of new energy saving technologies for ventilation and illumination in high-altitude tunnels are introduced.
The recent studies of high-altitude tunnels are summarized in terms of construction,ventilation,disaster prevention and rescue,energy-saving ventilation so as to guarantee the rapid development of high-altitude tunnel in China. The ventilation control standard,fan characteristics,oxygen supply during construction in high-altitude,lowpressure,low-oxygen and low-temperature environment are obtained. The characteristics of fire and smoke flow in highaltitude tunnels are identified. The method for determining personnel escape ability and evacuation structure parameters in high-altitude tunnels is demonstrated. Finally,the development and application of new energy saving technologies for ventilation and illumination in high-altitude tunnels are introduced.
引文
[1]王梦恕.中国铁路、隧道与地下空间发展概况[J].隧道建设,2010,30(4):351.WANG Mengshu.An overview of development of railways,tunnels and underground works in China[J].Tunnel Construction,2010,30(4):351.
[2]洪开荣.我国隧道及地下工程发展现状与展望[J].隧道建设,2015,35(2):95.HONG Kairong.State-of-art and prospect of tunnels and underground works in China[J].Tunnel Construction,2015,35(2):95.
[3]洪开荣.我国隧道及地下工程近两年的发展与展望[J].隧道建设,2017,37(2):123.HONG Kairong.Development and prospects of tunnels and underground works in China in recent two years[J].Tunnel Construction,2017,37(2):123.
[4]陈绍华.高海拔特长隧道防灾疏散、救援技术研究[J].铁道工程学报,2016(4):76.CHEN Shaohua.Studies of evacuation and rescue technology for disaster prevention of high altitude extra-long tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2016(4):76.
[5]丁浩,陈建忠,方林,等.高海拔特长公路隧道关键问题及对策浅析[J].公路交通技术,2016,32(6):89.DING Hao,CHEN Jianzhong,FANG Lin,et al.Key problems and countermeasures of high-altitude and superlong expressway tunnels[J].Technology of Highway and Transport,2016,32(6):89.
[6]张德华,王梦恕.世界第一高隧:青藏铁路风火山隧道施工新技术[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(2):213.ZHANG Dehua,WANG Mengshu.New technique for construction of Fenghuoshan Tunnel of the highest tunnel in the world[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2003,11(2):213.
[7]齐康平,胡种新.青藏铁路昆仑上隧道综合施工技术[J].现代隧道技术,2003,40(4):41.QI Kangping,HU Zhongxin.General construction technology of Kunlunshan Tunnel on Qinghai-Tibet Railway[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2003,40(4):41.
[8]严涛,王明年,郭春,等.高海拔隧道中考虑CO和烟雾的海拔高度系数[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(11):4012.YAN Tao,WANG Mingnian,GUO Chun,et al.Altitude coefficient considering CO and smoke emission in high altitude highway tunnels[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(11):4012.
[9]杨超,王志伟.公路隧道通风技术现状及发展趋势[J].地下空间与工程学报,2011,7(4):819.YANG Chao,WANG Zhiwei.Current status and development trend of ventilation technology for highway tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2011,7(4):819.
[10]于丽,王明年,张子晗.六盘山隧道洞内自然风现场实测研究[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),2016(5):5.YU Li,WANG Mingnian,ZHANG Zihan.Field measurement of natural wind in Liupanshan Tunnel[J].Journal of Highway Communication Technology(Application Technology),2016(5):5.
[11]孙志涛.基于肺泡氧分压的高海拔隧道施工供氧技术研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2016.SUN Zhitao.Oxygen supply technology for high altitude tunnel construction based on alveolar oxygen partial pressure[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2016.
[12]房锐,余松华,夏才初,等.高海拔寒区特长公路隧道供氧关键技术研究[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),2014(1):177.FANG Rui,YU Songhua,XIA Caichu,et al.Study of key technology of oxygen supply in super-long highway tunnel in high altitude area[J].Journal of Highway Communication Technology(Applied Technology),2014(1):177.
[13]铁路隧道防灾疏散救援工程设计规范:TB 10020—2017[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2017.Code for design on evacuation engineering for disaster prevention and rescue of railway tunnel:TB 10020—2017[S].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2017.
[14]杨立中.建筑内人员运动规律与疏散动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.YANG Lizhong.Law of movement and evacuation in buildings[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.
[15]招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司.公路隧道通风设计细则:JTG/T D70/2-02—2014[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2014.China Merchants Chongqing Communications Technology Research and Designing Institute Co.,Ltd.Guidelines for design of ventilation of highway tunnels:JTG/T D70/2-02—2014[S].Beijing:China Communication Press,2014.
[16]王明年,张子晗,于丽,等.基于六盘山隧道的自然风风压系数室内试验研究[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),2016(6):173.WANG Mingnian,ZHANG Zihan,YU Li,et al.Experimental study of natural wind pressure coefficient based on Liupanshan Tunnel[J].Journal of Highway Communication Technology(Applied Technology),2016(6):173.
[17]晁峰,王明年,于丽,等.特长公路隧道自然风计算方法和节能研究[J].现代隧道技术,2016,53(1):111.CHAO Feng,WANG Mingnian,YU Li,et al.A study of the natural wind calculation method and energy conservation in extra-long highway tunnels[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2016,53(1):111.
[18]时亚昕.隧道内自燃风计算方法及节能通风技术研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2011.SHI Yaxin.Study of calculation method of spontaneous combustion wind and energy saving ventilation technology in tunnel[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2011.
[19]党江杰.基于模糊控制的隧道通风节能控制模型研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.DANG Jiangjie.Research of tunnel ventilation energy-saving based on fuzzy control model[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2013.
[20]秦岸.基于LED光源的高速公路隧道照明节能技术研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2010.QIN An.Control and energy-saving technology of tunnel lighting based on LED[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2010.
[21]柳玉良.公路隧道照明节能技术及洞外亮度数码成像测试方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014.LIU Yuliang.Study of energy-saving technology in highway tunnel and digital imaging testing method of accesszone luminance[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2014.
[22]李靖,宋燕铭,刘雄.隧道入出口延伸照明段落节能方法研究[J].公路工程,2012,37(2):57.LI Jing,SONG Yanming,LIU Xiong.Study of method of energy-saving about extended lighting sections in entrance and exportation of tunnel lighting[J].Highway Engineering,2012,37(2):57.
[2]洪开荣.我国隧道及地下工程发展现状与展望[J].隧道建设,2015,35(2):95.HONG Kairong.State-of-art and prospect of tunnels and underground works in China[J].Tunnel Construction,2015,35(2):95.
[3]洪开荣.我国隧道及地下工程近两年的发展与展望[J].隧道建设,2017,37(2):123.HONG Kairong.Development and prospects of tunnels and underground works in China in recent two years[J].Tunnel Construction,2017,37(2):123.
[4]陈绍华.高海拔特长隧道防灾疏散、救援技术研究[J].铁道工程学报,2016(4):76.CHEN Shaohua.Studies of evacuation and rescue technology for disaster prevention of high altitude extra-long tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2016(4):76.
[5]丁浩,陈建忠,方林,等.高海拔特长公路隧道关键问题及对策浅析[J].公路交通技术,2016,32(6):89.DING Hao,CHEN Jianzhong,FANG Lin,et al.Key problems and countermeasures of high-altitude and superlong expressway tunnels[J].Technology of Highway and Transport,2016,32(6):89.
[6]张德华,王梦恕.世界第一高隧:青藏铁路风火山隧道施工新技术[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(2):213.ZHANG Dehua,WANG Mengshu.New technique for construction of Fenghuoshan Tunnel of the highest tunnel in the world[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2003,11(2):213.
[7]齐康平,胡种新.青藏铁路昆仑上隧道综合施工技术[J].现代隧道技术,2003,40(4):41.QI Kangping,HU Zhongxin.General construction technology of Kunlunshan Tunnel on Qinghai-Tibet Railway[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2003,40(4):41.
[8]严涛,王明年,郭春,等.高海拔隧道中考虑CO和烟雾的海拔高度系数[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(11):4012.YAN Tao,WANG Mingnian,GUO Chun,et al.Altitude coefficient considering CO and smoke emission in high altitude highway tunnels[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(11):4012.
[9]杨超,王志伟.公路隧道通风技术现状及发展趋势[J].地下空间与工程学报,2011,7(4):819.YANG Chao,WANG Zhiwei.Current status and development trend of ventilation technology for highway tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2011,7(4):819.
[10]于丽,王明年,张子晗.六盘山隧道洞内自然风现场实测研究[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),2016(5):5.YU Li,WANG Mingnian,ZHANG Zihan.Field measurement of natural wind in Liupanshan Tunnel[J].Journal of Highway Communication Technology(Application Technology),2016(5):5.
[11]孙志涛.基于肺泡氧分压的高海拔隧道施工供氧技术研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2016.SUN Zhitao.Oxygen supply technology for high altitude tunnel construction based on alveolar oxygen partial pressure[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2016.
[12]房锐,余松华,夏才初,等.高海拔寒区特长公路隧道供氧关键技术研究[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),2014(1):177.FANG Rui,YU Songhua,XIA Caichu,et al.Study of key technology of oxygen supply in super-long highway tunnel in high altitude area[J].Journal of Highway Communication Technology(Applied Technology),2014(1):177.
[13]铁路隧道防灾疏散救援工程设计规范:TB 10020—2017[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2017.Code for design on evacuation engineering for disaster prevention and rescue of railway tunnel:TB 10020—2017[S].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2017.
[14]杨立中.建筑内人员运动规律与疏散动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.YANG Lizhong.Law of movement and evacuation in buildings[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.
[15]招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司.公路隧道通风设计细则:JTG/T D70/2-02—2014[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2014.China Merchants Chongqing Communications Technology Research and Designing Institute Co.,Ltd.Guidelines for design of ventilation of highway tunnels:JTG/T D70/2-02—2014[S].Beijing:China Communication Press,2014.
[16]王明年,张子晗,于丽,等.基于六盘山隧道的自然风风压系数室内试验研究[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),2016(6):173.WANG Mingnian,ZHANG Zihan,YU Li,et al.Experimental study of natural wind pressure coefficient based on Liupanshan Tunnel[J].Journal of Highway Communication Technology(Applied Technology),2016(6):173.
[17]晁峰,王明年,于丽,等.特长公路隧道自然风计算方法和节能研究[J].现代隧道技术,2016,53(1):111.CHAO Feng,WANG Mingnian,YU Li,et al.A study of the natural wind calculation method and energy conservation in extra-long highway tunnels[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2016,53(1):111.
[18]时亚昕.隧道内自燃风计算方法及节能通风技术研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2011.SHI Yaxin.Study of calculation method of spontaneous combustion wind and energy saving ventilation technology in tunnel[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2011.
[19]党江杰.基于模糊控制的隧道通风节能控制模型研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.DANG Jiangjie.Research of tunnel ventilation energy-saving based on fuzzy control model[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2013.
[20]秦岸.基于LED光源的高速公路隧道照明节能技术研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2010.QIN An.Control and energy-saving technology of tunnel lighting based on LED[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2010.
[21]柳玉良.公路隧道照明节能技术及洞外亮度数码成像测试方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014.LIU Yuliang.Study of energy-saving technology in highway tunnel and digital imaging testing method of accesszone luminance[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2014.
[22]李靖,宋燕铭,刘雄.隧道入出口延伸照明段落节能方法研究[J].公路工程,2012,37(2):57.LI Jing,SONG Yanming,LIU Xiong.Study of method of energy-saving about extended lighting sections in entrance and exportation of tunnel lighting[J].Highway Engineering,2012,37(2):57.