高海拔隧道施工通风风管漏风率研究
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摘要
隧道施工通风的风管漏风量大小不仅与风管本身的长度、破损度等因素有关,还与外界的大气压、空气密度等外界环境相关。目前,风管漏风率的研究主要是在平原地区,对于高海拔隧道施工环境下通风风管的漏风率变化规律的研究还比较少。为了得到高海拔地区隧道施工通风风管的漏风率,利用风管开口处流量理论和能量守恒原理对高海拔地区风管漏风率修正系数进行推导,并通过现场实测数据进行验证。结果表明:得到风管漏风率的海拔高度修正系数计算公式;高海拔地区风管百米漏风率约为平原地区的1.5倍,且在高海拔地区风管漏风率随风管长度增加而增大较快;实测高海拔隧道风机风管百米漏风率约为3%,与理论计算结果较吻合。
The air leakage of ventilation duct in tunnel construction is not only related to the length of the duct itself and the degree of damage,but also to the external environment such as atmospheric pressure and air density.Currently,the study of air leakage rate of ventilation duct mainly focuses on the air leakage rate of ventilation ducts in tunnel construction in the plain area,rather than on that in high altitude tunnel construction environment.In order to obtain the air leakage rate of construction ventilation ducts in high altitude tunnels,the correction factor of air leakage rate in high altitude area was derived according to the flow theory at the openings of the air duct and the principle of conservation of energy,and was verified by the field measured data.The results show that the formula of the altitude correction factor of air leakage rate is obtained.The air leakage rate of 100-meter air duct in high altitude area is 1.5times that in plain area,and it increases rapidly with the duct length in high altitude area.The measured value of air leakage rate of 100-meter tunnel fan duct in high altitude tunnels is about 3%,which coincides with the theoretical calculation result.
The air leakage of ventilation duct in tunnel construction is not only related to the length of the duct itself and the degree of damage,but also to the external environment such as atmospheric pressure and air density.Currently,the study of air leakage rate of ventilation duct mainly focuses on the air leakage rate of ventilation ducts in tunnel construction in the plain area,rather than on that in high altitude tunnel construction environment.In order to obtain the air leakage rate of construction ventilation ducts in high altitude tunnels,the correction factor of air leakage rate in high altitude area was derived according to the flow theory at the openings of the air duct and the principle of conservation of energy,and was verified by the field measured data.The results show that the formula of the altitude correction factor of air leakage rate is obtained.The air leakage rate of 100-meter air duct in high altitude area is 1.5times that in plain area,and it increases rapidly with the duct length in high altitude area.The measured value of air leakage rate of 100-meter tunnel fan duct in high altitude tunnels is about 3%,which coincides with the theoretical calculation result.
引文
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[3]赵力,牛维乐,许钟麟,等.风管系统漏风率检测实验方法研究——国标《洁净室施工及验收规范》编制组研讨系列课题之六[J].暖通空调,2008,38(10):1-3,32.ZHAO Li,NIU Weile,XU Zhonglin,et al.Study of Duct Leakage Rate Detection:Part 6of The Series of Research Practice of the National Standard Task Group for the Code for Cleanroom Construction and Acceptance Test[J].Heating,Rentilating and Air Conditioning,2008,38(10):1-3,32.
[4]杨立新.通风管路末段百米漏风率与有关的风量计算[J].现代隧道技术,2001,38(1):36-41.YANG Lixin.Caleulation Air Leakage Ratio within the Last100m Ventilation Pipe and Related Air Volume[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2001,38(1):36-41.
[5]倪文耀.抽出式通风矿井外部漏风率的正确测算法[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(4):90-92.NI Wenyao.Accurate Calculation of Exterior Leakage of Exhausting Ventilator in Mine Pit[J].China Safety Science Journal,2004,14(4):90-92.
[6]江亦元,王梦恕,王星华,等.高原多年冻土隧道施工技术及方案研究[J].铁道学报,2006,28(2):67-73.JIANG Yiyuan,WANG Mengshu,WANG Xinghua.Research on Construction Technology and Plans of Tunnels in the Plateau Permafrost Region[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2006,28(2):67-73.
[7]严涛,王明年,郭春,等.高海拔隧道中考虑CO和烟雾的海拔高度系数[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(11):4012-4017.YAN Tao,WANG Mingnian,GUO Chun,et al.Altitude Coefficient Considering CO and Smoke Emission in High Altitude Highway Tunnels[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(11):4012-4017.
[8]曹正卯,杨其新,郭春.高海拔特长隧道自然风计算方法研究[J].公路,2014(2):196-201.CAO Zhengmao,YANG Qixin,GUO Chun.Study on the Calculation Method of Natural Wind for Extra Long Tunnel in High Altitude Region[J].Highway,2014(2):196-201.
[9]张廷彪,张祉道.高海拔公路隧道运营通风卫生标准初探[J].现代隧道技术,2014,51(3):23-29.ZHANG Tingbiao,ZHANG Zhidao.Exploration of Hygienic Standards for Operation Ventilation of a Highway Tunnel in High-altitude Area[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2014,51(3):23-29.
[10]严涛,王明年,郭春,等.高海拔特长公路隧道弥散式供氧关键技术研究[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(2):180-185.YAN Tao,WANG Mingnian,GUO Chun,et al.Key Techniques for the Diffused Oxygen Supply of an Extra-long Highway Tunnel in a High-altitude Area[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2015,52(2):180-185.
[11]孙三祥,张云霞,李国良,等.高海拔隧道内燃牵引运营通风标准研究[J].铁道工程学报,2011(9):70-74.SUN Sanxiang,ZHANG Yunxia,LI Guoliang,et al.Preliminary Study on the Standards of Operation Ventilation of Diesel Traction in High-altitude Tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2011(9):70-74.
[12]张云霞.高海拔内燃牵引隧道自然通风界限及活塞风特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(12),102-108.ZHANG Yunxia.Research on Natural Ventilation Threshold for Dieselhauled Train Crossing Tunnels in High Altitude Plateau and Characteristics of Pistonwind[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(12),102-108.
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[14]铁道部工程管理中心.铁路隧道施工通风技术与标准化管理指导手册[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2009.
[15]中华人民共和国交通运输部.JTG F60—2009公路隧道施工技术规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2009.