高海拔隧道施工自卸车CO扩散规律
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摘要
为定量分析高海拔隧道出渣过程中自卸车CO排放对施工环境的影响,针对自卸车底部、侧部、尾部安装排气管三种CO排放方式,基于Fluent软件,采用RNGk-ε湍流模型,选取Species Transport模型模拟CO与空气的耦合作用,考虑高海拔低气压和空气密度的影响,运用动网格及用户自定义函数(UDF),模拟自卸车体行驶过程中隧道气流三维速度场、CO浓度场,基于现场实测数据验证模拟结果。结果表明:相同行驶工况下,隧道断面越大,CO沿途扩散越快,较高的CO浓度主要出现在车体高度以下区域;三种排气管中,侧部排气管最有利于沿途CO扩散。自卸车排气管轴向CO浓度的沿途扩散符合e指数衰减规律,根据一维扩散理论,提出CO浓度累积预测计算式。
To quantitatively analyze the impact of CO emission from dump trucks on the construction environment during the slagging process in high altitude tunnel,in response to the three CO emission modes resulted from the installation of exhaust nozzle in the bottom,side and tail of the dump trucks,based on Fluent software and the RNGk-εturbulence model,the Species Transport model was selected to simulate the coupling of CO and air.Considering the effect of high altitude pressure and air density,the dynamic mesh and User-defined Functions(UDF)were used to simulate the three-dimensional velocity field and CO concentration field of tunnel airflow during the driving process of dump trucks.The simulation results were verified based on field measured data.The results show that under the same driving conditions,the greater cross-sectional area of the tunnel,the faster the CO emission.The higher CO concentration mainly occurs in the area below the height of the dump truck.Among the three exhaust pipes,the lateral exhaust pipe is most advantageous to the CO diffusion.The attenuation of the axial CO concentration of the exhaust pipe conforms to the e exponential attenuation,based on the one-dimensional diffusion theory,the CO concentration cumulative prediction formula is proposed.
To quantitatively analyze the impact of CO emission from dump trucks on the construction environment during the slagging process in high altitude tunnel,in response to the three CO emission modes resulted from the installation of exhaust nozzle in the bottom,side and tail of the dump trucks,based on Fluent software and the RNGk-εturbulence model,the Species Transport model was selected to simulate the coupling of CO and air.Considering the effect of high altitude pressure and air density,the dynamic mesh and User-defined Functions(UDF)were used to simulate the three-dimensional velocity field and CO concentration field of tunnel airflow during the driving process of dump trucks.The simulation results were verified based on field measured data.The results show that under the same driving conditions,the greater cross-sectional area of the tunnel,the faster the CO emission.The higher CO concentration mainly occurs in the area below the height of the dump truck.Among the three exhaust pipes,the lateral exhaust pipe is most advantageous to the CO diffusion.The attenuation of the axial CO concentration of the exhaust pipe conforms to the e exponential attenuation,based on the one-dimensional diffusion theory,the CO concentration cumulative prediction formula is proposed.
引文
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[17]王晓玲,陈红超,刘雪朋,等.引水隧洞独头掘进工作面风流组织与CO扩散的模拟[J].水利学报,2008,39(1):121-127.WANG Xiaoling,CHEN Hongchao,LIU Xuepeng.Simulation on Ventilation Air Flow and CO Diffusion in Leading Face of Excavation in Tunnel[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(1):121-127.
[18]中华人民共和国交通运输部.JTG F60-2009公路隧道施工技术规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2009.
[2]王文才,魏丁一,赵晓坤.基于FLUENT的矿井巷道活塞风效应研究[J].中国煤炭,2016(9):91-95.WANG Wencai,WEI Dingyi,ZHAO Xiaokun.Study on Effect of Piston Wind in Mine Tunnels Based on FLUENT[J].Chinese Coal,2016(9):91-95.
[3]徐洪涛,邵斌,李贝贝,等.隧道通风活塞效应数值模拟方法研究[J].上海理工大学学报,2014(1):53-59.XU Hongtao,SHAO Bin,LI Beibei,et al.Study on Numerical Simulation Methods for Tunnel Ventilation Piston Effect[J].Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,2014(1):53-59.
[4]TORANO J,TORNO S,MENENDEZ M,et al.Auxiliary Ventilation in Mining Roadways Driven with Road Headers:Validated CFD Modelling of Dust Behaviour[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2011,26(1):201-210.
[5]KURNIA J C,SASMITO A P,MUJUMDAR A S.Simulation of a Novel Intermittent Ventilation System for Underground Mines[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2014,42:206-215.
[6]SHEN J,ZHU H Q,LUO M G,et al.Numerical Simulation of CO Distribution Discharged by Flame-proof Vehicle in Underground Tunnel of Coal Mine[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2016,40:117-121.
[7]由世俊,薛鹏,张欢.基于动网格的地铁活塞效应非稳态气流模拟[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2014,47(2):168-173.YOU Shijun,XUE Peng,ZHANG Huan.Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Airflow in Subway Influenced by Piston Effect Based on Dynamic Mesh[J].Journal of Tianjin University(Science and Technology),2014,47(2):168-173.
[8]朱红青,沈静,胡瑞丽.井下巷道内矿用防爆车CO排放分布规律数值模拟[J].煤矿安全,2015,46(12):229-232.ZHU Hongqing,SHEN Jing,HU Ruili.Numerical Simulation of CO Emission by Flame-proof Vehicle in Underground Mine Tunnel[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(12):229-232.
[9]孟苗苗.斜沟煤矿井下巷道无轨胶轮车尾气(CO)排放规律数值模拟研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2016.
[10]曹正卯,杨其新,郭春.高海拔地区铁路隧道施工期有害气体运移特性[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(11):3948-3957.CAO Zhengmao,YANG Qixin,GUO Chun.Migration Characteristics of Poisonous Gas during Construction Stage in Railway Tunnels at High Altitude Areas[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(11):3948-3957.
[11]孙三祥,王文,郭慧杰,等.高海拔隧道出碴车排放一氧化碳的扩散规律[J].中国铁道科学,2018,39(4):85-92.SUN Sanxiang,WANG Wen,GUO Huijie,et al.Diffusion Law of Carbon Monoxide Emission from Mucking Machine in High Altitude Tunnel[J].China Railway Science,2018,39(4):85-92.
[12]王文.高原单洞单线特长铁路隧道施工通风流场模拟[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2018.
[13]刘敦文,甘如鲁,张聪,等.隧道出碴过程CO浓度监测与模拟研究及应用[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2014,11(5):90-95.LIU Dunwen,GAN Rulu,ZHANG Cong,et al.Research and Application of CO Concentration Monitoring and Simulation under Tunnel Mucking Process[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2014,11(5):90-95.
[14]朱红青,朱帅虎,贾国伟.大断面掘进压入式风筒最佳高度的数值模拟[J].安全与环境学报,2014,14(1):25-28.ZHU Hongqing,ZHU Shuaihu,JIA Guowei.Numerical Simulation for the Optimal Driving Duct Height in a Large-scale Cross-section of Driving Face[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2014,14(1):25-28.
[15]李孜军,林晓光,李明,等.双洞隧道独头掘进CO扩散效应模拟分析[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2013,10(4):82-87.LI Zijun,LIN Xiaoguang,LI Ming,et al.Simulation Analysis of CO Diffusion for Double Tube Tunnelling Excavated from Single End[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2013,10(4):82-87.
[16]邓祥辉,刘钊,刘钊春.两河口长隧道独头掘进压入式施工通风三维数值模拟[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2014,36(2):35-41.DENG Xianghui,LIU Zhao,LIU Zhaochun.3D Numerical Simulation on Forced Construction Ventilation of Long Single Head Tunnel of Lianghekou[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2014,36(2):35-41.
[17]王晓玲,陈红超,刘雪朋,等.引水隧洞独头掘进工作面风流组织与CO扩散的模拟[J].水利学报,2008,39(1):121-127.WANG Xiaoling,CHEN Hongchao,LIU Xuepeng.Simulation on Ventilation Air Flow and CO Diffusion in Leading Face of Excavation in Tunnel[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(1):121-127.
[18]中华人民共和国交通运输部.JTG F60-2009公路隧道施工技术规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2009.