风沙流胁迫对霸王幼苗生理特征的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究风沙流胁迫对霸王幼苗生理特征的影响,阐述霸王幼苗耐受风沙流胁迫的能力及其阈值,为揭示霸王幼苗遭受风沙流胁迫致死机理提供理论依据。【方法】以霸王1年生盆栽幼苗为试验材料,在风沙环境风洞中模拟风沙流胁迫条件,以风速表示胁迫程度,即分别在0,8,11和14m/s风速条件下吹袭20min,依次表示对照、轻度、中度和重度风沙流胁迫处理,研究风沙流胁迫对霸王幼苗叶片叶绿素以及丙二醛含量、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的影响。【结果】在轻度和中度风沙流胁迫条件下,霸王叶片的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性随胁迫程度的增强呈升高趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量变化不明显,叶绿素含量降低,丙二醛含量升高;在重度风沙流胁迫条件下,霸王叶片APX和POD活性均有不同程度减弱,而SOD和CAT活性略有增强,可溶性糖、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量升高,丙二醛含量降低。【结论】轻度和中度风沙流胁迫使霸王幼苗受到一定程度损伤,但未引起渗透胁迫,APX和POD通过清除活性氧,降低了风沙流胁迫对霸王幼苗的氧化损害;重度风沙流胁迫使霸王幼苗受到严重损伤,引发SOD和CAT活性增强,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量增大,细胞液外流,渗透胁迫严重,最终使幼苗干枯死亡。
【Objective】This study investigated the ability and threshold value of Zygophyllum xanthoxylum seedlings to resist wind-drift sand by studying the effects of wind-drift sand on the physiological characteristics to provide theoretical basis for revealing death mechanism of seedlings during wind-drift sand.【Method】The variations of chlorophyll and malondialdehyde contents,antioxidant enzyme activities and contents of osmotic adjustment substance,soluble sugar and proline in leaves of one year old seedlings were analyzed.The contrast,slight,moderate and severe wind-drift sand conditions were simulated in wind tunnel for 20 minutes with wind speeds of 0,8,11 and 14 m/s,respectively.【Result】Under slight or moderate wind-drift sand stresses,APX and POD activities increased gradually while activities of SOD and CAT as well as contents of soluble sugar and proline changed insignificantly.With the increase of wind speed,chlorophyll content decreased while malondialdehyde content increased.However,under severe wind-drift sand stress,APX and POD activities decreased while SOD and CAT activities increased.The contents of soluble sugar,proline and chlorophyll increased and malondialdehyde content decreased.【Conclusion】Slight or moderate wind-drift sand stress damaged the seedlings but did not lead to osmotic stress.APX and POD reduced oxidative damage to seedlings by removing reactive oxygen species.Severe wind-drift sand stress damaged the seedlings seriously,causing increase of SOD and CAT activities and contents of soluble sugar and proline,leak of cytochylema and aggravation of osmotic stress,which would lead to seedling death.
【Objective】This study investigated the ability and threshold value of Zygophyllum xanthoxylum seedlings to resist wind-drift sand by studying the effects of wind-drift sand on the physiological characteristics to provide theoretical basis for revealing death mechanism of seedlings during wind-drift sand.【Method】The variations of chlorophyll and malondialdehyde contents,antioxidant enzyme activities and contents of osmotic adjustment substance,soluble sugar and proline in leaves of one year old seedlings were analyzed.The contrast,slight,moderate and severe wind-drift sand conditions were simulated in wind tunnel for 20 minutes with wind speeds of 0,8,11 and 14 m/s,respectively.【Result】Under slight or moderate wind-drift sand stresses,APX and POD activities increased gradually while activities of SOD and CAT as well as contents of soluble sugar and proline changed insignificantly.With the increase of wind speed,chlorophyll content decreased while malondialdehyde content increased.However,under severe wind-drift sand stress,APX and POD activities decreased while SOD and CAT activities increased.The contents of soluble sugar,proline and chlorophyll increased and malondialdehyde content decreased.【Conclusion】Slight or moderate wind-drift sand stress damaged the seedlings but did not lead to osmotic stress.APX and POD reduced oxidative damage to seedlings by removing reactive oxygen species.Severe wind-drift sand stress damaged the seedlings seriously,causing increase of SOD and CAT activities and contents of soluble sugar and proline,leak of cytochylema and aggravation of osmotic stress,which would lead to seedling death.
引文
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[2]杨吉萍,李岩瑛,曾婷,等.民勤春季强降水过程的气候特征及其成因[J].中国沙漠,2017(2):349-354.Yang J P,Li Y Y,Zeng T,et al.Climate characteristics and cause of spring strong precipitation processes in Minqin,Gansu,China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017(2):349-354.
[3]Nicoll B C,Ray D.Adaptive growth of tree root systems in response to wind action and site conditions[J].Tree Physiol,1996,16(11/12):891-898.
[4]毛新安,赵哈林,李瑾,等.樟子松(Pinus sylvestnis var.mongolica)幼苗对持续风吹的光合生理响应[J].中国沙漠,2016(1):64-70.Mao X A,Zhao H L,Li J,et al.Responds of photosynthetic physiology of Pinus sylvestnis var.mongolicaseedlings to continuous wind blowing[J].Journal of Desert Research,2016(1):64-70.
[5]赵哈林,李瑾,周瑞莲,等.风沙流短暂吹袭对樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)幼苗光合蒸腾特性的影响[J].中国沙漠,2017(2):254-260.Zhao H L,Li J,Zhou R L,et al.Effects of brief sand-drift wind blowing on photosynthesis and transpiration properties of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica seedlings[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017(2):254-260.
[6]曲浩,赵学勇,岳广阳,等.科尔沁沙地几种常见植物对风胁迫的生理响应[J].中国沙漠,2009(4):668-673.Qu H,Zhao X Y,Yue G Y,et al.Physiological response to wind of some common plants in Horqin Sandy Land[J].Journal of Desert Research,2009(4):668-673.
[7]唐霞,崔建垣,曲浩,等.风对科尔沁地区几种常见作物幼苗光合、蒸腾特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011(3):471-476.Tang X,Cui J Y,Qu H,et al.Impact of wind on seedling’s photosynthesis and transpiration of several common crops in Horqin Sandy Land[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011(3):471-476.
[8]赵哈林,何玉惠,岳广阳,等.风吹、沙埋对沙地植物幼苗生长和光合蒸腾特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010(3):413-419.Zhao H L,He Y H,Yue G Y,et al.Effects of wind blow and sand burial on the seedling growth and photosynthetic and transpiration rates of desert plants[J].Chinese Journal of E-cology,2010(3):413-419.
[9]杨显基,杜建会,秦晶,等.海岸沙生植物老鼠艻(Spinifex littoreus)叶水势对风蚀、沙埋和风沙流磨蚀的响应[J].生态学杂志,2017(5):1215-1223.Yang X J,Du J H,Qin J,et al.Effects of wind blow and sand burial on the seedling growth and photosynthetic and transpiration rates of desert plants[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017(5):1215-1223.
[10]李瑾,赵哈林,周瑞莲,等.玉米(Zea mays)幼苗对风吹的生理响应[J].中国沙漠,2016(1):71-77.Li J,Zhao H L,Zhou R L,et al.Physiological response of corn seedlings to wind blowing[J].Journal of Desert Research,2016(1):71-77.
[11]赵哈林,李瑾,周瑞莲,等.风吹时间和强度对玉米幼苗膜透性影响及其膜保护系统响应[J].干旱区研究,2016(3):519-524.Zhao H L,Li J,Zhou R L,et al.Effects of wind blowing time and intensity on membrane permeability and its protection system of corn seedling[J].Arid Zone Research,2016(3):519-524.
[12]于云江,辛越勇,刘家琼,等.风和风沙流对不同固沙植物生理状况的影响[J].植物学报,1998(10):83-89.Yu Y J,Xin Y Y,Liu J Q,et al.Effects of wind and wind-sand current on the physiological status of different sand-fixxing plants[J].Bulletin of Botany,1998(10):83-89.
[13]于云江,史培军,贺丽萍,等.风沙流对植物生长影响的研究[J].地球科学进展,2002(2):262-267.Yu Y J,Shi P J,He L P,et al.Research on the effects of windsand current on the plant growth[J].Advances in Earth Science,2002(2):262-267.
[14]赵一之,朱宗元.亚洲中部荒漠区的植物特有属[J].云南植物研究,2003(2):113-122.Zhao Y Z,Zhu Z Y.The endemic genera of desert in the centre of Asia[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,2003(2):113-122.
[15]刘晓春.民勤荒漠草地植物群落及其优势种群结构与动态研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008.Liu X C.The structure and dynamics of plant communities and the dominant population in Minqin desert grassland[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agriculture University,2008.
[16]古力米热·热孜,赵晓英,原慧.模拟长期大风胁迫对霸王叶解剖结构特征的影响[J].西北植物学报,2012(10):2047-2052.Gu L M R·R Z,Zhao X Y,Yuan H.Leaf anatomical structure of Zygophyllum xanthoxylum under chronic high wind[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2012(10):2047-2052.
[17]南江,赵晓英,原慧,等.霸王和木本猪毛菜在遮风和不遮风环境下的表型特征差异[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):5758-5765.Nan J,Zhao X Y,Yuan H,et al.Phenotype differences between Zygophyllum xanthoxylum and Salsola arbuscular from open and wind-protected sites[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(20):5758-5765.
[18]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:258-260.Li H S.Principles and techniques of plant physiology and biochemistry[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000:258-260.
[19]Nakano Y,Asada K.Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascor bate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts[J].Plant Cell Physiology,1981,22(5):867-880.
[20]Sundar D,Perianayaguy B,Reddy A R.Localization of antioxidant enzymes in the cellular compartments of sorghum leaves[J].Durai Plant Growth Regulation,2004,44(2):157-163.
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