基于行为安全理论的化工事故统计及分析
|
摘要
行为安全理论是事故分析和预防的理论和方法,应用基于行为安全理论的事故致因"2-4"模型对10起化工事故的直接、间接、根本、根源原因进行分析。结果表明:该模型是化工事故分析的有效方法。10起事故的直接原因主要为一线员工在涉及高温加热工艺、带压设备、有毒有害环境和动火作业中的违规违章操作,管理人员未建立或运行安全管理体系等不安全动作及不安全物态,且不安全物态与管理人员不安全行为有关;间接原因是一线员工缺乏岗位安全操作等知识,管理人员缺乏安全管理、技术等知识,导致其安全意识薄弱,养成不良的安全习惯;根本原因是组织安全教育等管理程序缺失和执行不力;根源原因是组织成员对安全的重要度等安全文化元素缺乏理解。
Behavior- based safety theory is the theory and method for accident analysis and prevention. By applying the accident causation " 2- 4" model based on behavior- based safety theory,the direct,indirect,radical and root causations of 10 chemical accidents were analyzed. The results showed that the model can be an effective method for analysis of chemical accidents. The direct causations of these accidents are unsafe acts and unsafe conditions. Unsafe acts are mainly presented as violating operation regulation by first line operators,which involves in heating processes,pressure instruments,deleterious environments and hot work,and ignoring the safety management system by managers. Additionally,unsafe conditions are related to unsafe acts of managers. The indirect causations are the limited operation and safety management knowledge of first line operators and managers respectively,which leads to the lack of safety consciousness and bad safety habits. The radical causations are the lack of or weak enforcement of various management procedures,such as occupational training procedure. The root causation is members' incomprehension of safety culture items,like the importance degree of safety.
Behavior- based safety theory is the theory and method for accident analysis and prevention. By applying the accident causation " 2- 4" model based on behavior- based safety theory,the direct,indirect,radical and root causations of 10 chemical accidents were analyzed. The results showed that the model can be an effective method for analysis of chemical accidents. The direct causations of these accidents are unsafe acts and unsafe conditions. Unsafe acts are mainly presented as violating operation regulation by first line operators,which involves in heating processes,pressure instruments,deleterious environments and hot work,and ignoring the safety management system by managers. Additionally,unsafe conditions are related to unsafe acts of managers. The indirect causations are the limited operation and safety management knowledge of first line operators and managers respectively,which leads to the lack of safety consciousness and bad safety habits. The radical causations are the lack of or weak enforcement of various management procedures,such as occupational training procedure. The root causation is members' incomprehension of safety culture items,like the importance degree of safety.
引文
[1]张振昌,孙翔,李杨帆,等.江苏沿海地区化工事故时空变化分析与对策研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2010,20(8):129-135.ZHANG Zhenchang,SUN Xiang,LI Yangfan,et al.Chemical accidents and its suggestions:a case study in coastal areas of Jiangsu province[J].China Safety Science Journal,2010,20(8):129-135.
[2]杜红岩,王延平,卢均臣.2012年国内外石油化工行业事业统计分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(6):184-188.DU Hongyan,WANG Yanping,LU Junchen.Statistical analysis on petroleum and chemical accidents at home and abroad during the period of 2012[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2013,9(6):184-188.
[3]张启波,袁凤丽,王清.硫酸储罐爆炸事故分析及预防[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(2):185-188.ZHANG Qibo,YUAN Fengli,WANG Qing.Analysis and prevention on explosion accident of sulfuric acid tanks[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2012,8(2):185-188.
[4]刘夏华.化工管道火灾爆炸事故原因及预防措施[J].科技创新与应用,2014,(21):97.LIU Xiahua.Analysis of fire and explosion in chemical pipelines and its suggestions[J].Technology Innovation and Application,2014,(21):97.
[5]Komaki J,Barwick K D,Scott L R A behavioral approach to occupational safety:pinpointing and reinforcing safety performance in a food manufacturing plant[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1978,63(4):434-445.
[6]Krause T R,Seymour K J,Sloat K C M.Long-term evaluation of a behavior-based method for improving safety performance:A metaanalysis of 73 interrupted time-series replications[J].Safety Science,1999,32(1):1-18.
[7]Heinrich H W,Peterson D,Roos N.Industrial Accident Prevention[M].New York:Mc Graw-Hill Book Company,1980.
[8]Bird F E,Loftus R G.Loss Control Management[M].Loganville:Institute Press,1976.
[9]Reason J.Human Error[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1990.
[10]傅贵.安全管理学—事故预防的行为控制方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[11]傅贵.安全学科结构的研究[M].澳大利亚:安全科学出版社,2015.
[12]傅贵,陆柏,陈秀珍.基于行为科学的组织安全管理方案模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,15(9):21-27.FU Gui,LU Bai,CHEN Xiuzhen.Behavior based model for organization safety management[J].China Safety Science Journal,2005,15(9):21-27.
[13]傅贵,殷文韬,董继业,等.行为安全“2-4”模型及其在煤矿安全管理中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(7):1123-1129.FU Gui,YIN Wentao,DONG Jiye,et al.Behavior-based accident causation:the“2-4”model and its safety implications in coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(7):1123-1129.
[14]傅贵,杨春,殷文韬,等.行为安全“2-4”模型的扩充版[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(6):994-999.FU Gui,YANG Chun,YIN Wentao,et al.Extended version of behavior-based accident causation“2-4”model[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(6):994-999.
[15]Leveson N.A new accident model for engineering safer systems[J].Safety Science,2004,42(4):237-270.
[16]国家安全生产监督管理总局.安徽中升药业有限公司“4.18”较大中毒事故调查报告[EB/OL].2014-5-15.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_5498/2014/0515/238184/content_238184.htm.
[17]国家安全生产监督管理总局.安徽省亳州市“1.9”较大中毒事故调查报告[EB/OL].2014-5-5.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_5498/2014/0509/238178/content_238178.htm.
[18]国家安全生产监督管理总局.广饶县润恒化工有限公司“10.18”较大中毒事故调查报告[EB/OL].2013-11-14.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_5498/2014/0721/238187/content_238187.htm.
[19]国家安全生产监督管理总局.山东省青岛市“11.22”中石化东黄输油管道泄漏爆炸特别重大事故调查报[EB/OL].2014-1-11.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_21679/2014/0110/244575/content_244575.htm.
[20]国家安全生产监督管理总局.建平县鸿燊商贸有限公司“3.1”硫酸泄露事故调查报告[EB/OL].2013-4-19.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_5498/2013/1105/238229/content_238229.htm.
[21]国家安全生产监督管理总局.国务院对中石油吉林石化分公司双苯厂“11.13”爆炸事故及松花江水污染事件作出处理[EB/OL].2006-11-24.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/zuixinyaowen/2006-11/24/content_205732.htm.
[22]国家安全生产监督管理总局.关于江苏省盐城市射阳县盐城氟源化工有限公司临海分公司“7.28”爆炸事故的通报[EB/OL].2015-6-7.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/anweiban/2006-08/05/content_185638.htm.
[23]国家安全生产监督管理总局.中国石油天然气股份有限公司大连石化分公司三苯罐区“6.2”较大爆炸火灾事故调查报告[EB/OL].2013-8-1.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_5498/2013/1105/238154/content_238154.htm.
[24]国家安全生产监督管理总局.国家安全监管总局关于河北克尔化工有限责任公司“2.28”重大爆炸事故情况的通报[EB/OL].2013-3-13.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_21112/2012/0313/201294/content_201294.htm.
[25]国家安全生产监督管理总局.国家安全监管总局关于云南省昆明市安宁齐天化肥有限公司“6.12”硫化氢中毒事故的通报[EB/OL].2008-6-29.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_21112/2008/0629/199993/content_199993.htm.
[26]AQSIQ,SAC.GB/T 28001-2011,职业健康安全管理体系—要求[M].2011.
[27]AQ 3013-2008,危险化学品从业单位安全标准化通用规范[S].2008.
[28]姜伟,傅贵,刘亚楠,等.企业不同层级员工安全文化培训探讨[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(8):181-185.JIANG Wei,FU Gui,LIU Yanan,et al.Study on safety culture training of enterprises different levels staff[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2011,7(8):181-185.
[2]杜红岩,王延平,卢均臣.2012年国内外石油化工行业事业统计分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(6):184-188.DU Hongyan,WANG Yanping,LU Junchen.Statistical analysis on petroleum and chemical accidents at home and abroad during the period of 2012[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2013,9(6):184-188.
[3]张启波,袁凤丽,王清.硫酸储罐爆炸事故分析及预防[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(2):185-188.ZHANG Qibo,YUAN Fengli,WANG Qing.Analysis and prevention on explosion accident of sulfuric acid tanks[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2012,8(2):185-188.
[4]刘夏华.化工管道火灾爆炸事故原因及预防措施[J].科技创新与应用,2014,(21):97.LIU Xiahua.Analysis of fire and explosion in chemical pipelines and its suggestions[J].Technology Innovation and Application,2014,(21):97.
[5]Komaki J,Barwick K D,Scott L R A behavioral approach to occupational safety:pinpointing and reinforcing safety performance in a food manufacturing plant[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1978,63(4):434-445.
[6]Krause T R,Seymour K J,Sloat K C M.Long-term evaluation of a behavior-based method for improving safety performance:A metaanalysis of 73 interrupted time-series replications[J].Safety Science,1999,32(1):1-18.
[7]Heinrich H W,Peterson D,Roos N.Industrial Accident Prevention[M].New York:Mc Graw-Hill Book Company,1980.
[8]Bird F E,Loftus R G.Loss Control Management[M].Loganville:Institute Press,1976.
[9]Reason J.Human Error[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1990.
[10]傅贵.安全管理学—事故预防的行为控制方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[11]傅贵.安全学科结构的研究[M].澳大利亚:安全科学出版社,2015.
[12]傅贵,陆柏,陈秀珍.基于行为科学的组织安全管理方案模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,15(9):21-27.FU Gui,LU Bai,CHEN Xiuzhen.Behavior based model for organization safety management[J].China Safety Science Journal,2005,15(9):21-27.
[13]傅贵,殷文韬,董继业,等.行为安全“2-4”模型及其在煤矿安全管理中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(7):1123-1129.FU Gui,YIN Wentao,DONG Jiye,et al.Behavior-based accident causation:the“2-4”model and its safety implications in coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(7):1123-1129.
[14]傅贵,杨春,殷文韬,等.行为安全“2-4”模型的扩充版[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(6):994-999.FU Gui,YANG Chun,YIN Wentao,et al.Extended version of behavior-based accident causation“2-4”model[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(6):994-999.
[15]Leveson N.A new accident model for engineering safer systems[J].Safety Science,2004,42(4):237-270.
[16]国家安全生产监督管理总局.安徽中升药业有限公司“4.18”较大中毒事故调查报告[EB/OL].2014-5-15.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_5498/2014/0515/238184/content_238184.htm.
[17]国家安全生产监督管理总局.安徽省亳州市“1.9”较大中毒事故调查报告[EB/OL].2014-5-5.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_5498/2014/0509/238178/content_238178.htm.
[18]国家安全生产监督管理总局.广饶县润恒化工有限公司“10.18”较大中毒事故调查报告[EB/OL].2013-11-14.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_5498/2014/0721/238187/content_238187.htm.
[19]国家安全生产监督管理总局.山东省青岛市“11.22”中石化东黄输油管道泄漏爆炸特别重大事故调查报[EB/OL].2014-1-11.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_21679/2014/0110/244575/content_244575.htm.
[20]国家安全生产监督管理总局.建平县鸿燊商贸有限公司“3.1”硫酸泄露事故调查报告[EB/OL].2013-4-19.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_5498/2013/1105/238229/content_238229.htm.
[21]国家安全生产监督管理总局.国务院对中石油吉林石化分公司双苯厂“11.13”爆炸事故及松花江水污染事件作出处理[EB/OL].2006-11-24.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/zuixinyaowen/2006-11/24/content_205732.htm.
[22]国家安全生产监督管理总局.关于江苏省盐城市射阳县盐城氟源化工有限公司临海分公司“7.28”爆炸事故的通报[EB/OL].2015-6-7.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/anweiban/2006-08/05/content_185638.htm.
[23]国家安全生产监督管理总局.中国石油天然气股份有限公司大连石化分公司三苯罐区“6.2”较大爆炸火灾事故调查报告[EB/OL].2013-8-1.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_5498/2013/1105/238154/content_238154.htm.
[24]国家安全生产监督管理总局.国家安全监管总局关于河北克尔化工有限责任公司“2.28”重大爆炸事故情况的通报[EB/OL].2013-3-13.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_21112/2012/0313/201294/content_201294.htm.
[25]国家安全生产监督管理总局.国家安全监管总局关于云南省昆明市安宁齐天化肥有限公司“6.12”硫化氢中毒事故的通报[EB/OL].2008-6-29.http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_21112/2008/0629/199993/content_199993.htm.
[26]AQSIQ,SAC.GB/T 28001-2011,职业健康安全管理体系—要求[M].2011.
[27]AQ 3013-2008,危险化学品从业单位安全标准化通用规范[S].2008.
[28]姜伟,傅贵,刘亚楠,等.企业不同层级员工安全文化培训探讨[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(8):181-185.JIANG Wei,FU Gui,LIU Yanan,et al.Study on safety culture training of enterprises different levels staff[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2011,7(8):181-185.