香烟过滤嘴基多孔炭/红磷复合材料的制备及其储锂性能研究
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摘要
以对环境有害且不可降解的香烟过滤嘴为碳源,采用KOH活化法调控孔结构参数,结合高温热处理和气相沉积法制备了香烟过滤嘴基多孔炭/红磷复合材料。通过X射线衍射仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪及扫描电子显微镜表征了复合材料的组成及结构形貌,并探讨了红磷负载量对多孔炭/红磷复合材料电化学性能的影响。结果表明,香烟过滤嘴基多孔炭具有丰富的微孔结构,其作为载体能有效缓解红磷在充放电过程中体积变化较大的问题,多孔炭材料的引入大大提高了充放电比容量和循环性能。红磷负载量较低的P/AK-C-2复合材料具有较好的储锂性能,在100 m A/g电流密度下其首次充电比容量为798 m Ah/g,循环50次后仍可保持674 m Ah/g的可逆容量。
The chemical vapor deposition method combining with high temperature heat treatment is employed to fabricate porous carbon/red phosphorus composite materials,which uses spent cigarette filters as carbon source and KOH as active reagent.The structure and morphology of the composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,N_2 adsorption/desorption test and scanning electron microscope. The influences of the loading amount of red phosphorus on the electrochemical properties of the composites are evaluated by constant current charge and discharge,cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.The results show that cigarette filter-based porous carbon possesses abundant microporous structure,and the composite material obtained by using it as a carrier has better lithium storage performance.The first charge specific capacity is 798 m Ah·g~(-1) at 100 m A·g~(-1). After 50 cycles,a reversible specific capacity of 674 m Ah·g~(-1) can be maintained still.
The chemical vapor deposition method combining with high temperature heat treatment is employed to fabricate porous carbon/red phosphorus composite materials,which uses spent cigarette filters as carbon source and KOH as active reagent.The structure and morphology of the composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,N_2 adsorption/desorption test and scanning electron microscope. The influences of the loading amount of red phosphorus on the electrochemical properties of the composites are evaluated by constant current charge and discharge,cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.The results show that cigarette filter-based porous carbon possesses abundant microporous structure,and the composite material obtained by using it as a carrier has better lithium storage performance.The first charge specific capacity is 798 m Ah·g~(-1) at 100 m A·g~(-1). After 50 cycles,a reversible specific capacity of 674 m Ah·g~(-1) can be maintained still.
引文
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[3]Yuan D,Cheng J,Qu G,et al. Amorphous red phosphorous embedded in carbon nanotubes scaffold as promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2016,301:131-137.
[4]Yu Z,Song J,Gordin M L,et al. Phosphorus-graphene nanosheet hybrids as lithium-ion anode with exceptional high-temperature cycling stability[J].Advanced Science,2015,2(1-2):1400020.
[5]Li J,Wang L,Ren Y,et al.Distinctive slit-shaped porous carbon encapsulating phosphorus as a promising anode material for lithium batteries[J].Ionics,2015,22(2):167-172.
[6]Kim Y,Park Y,Choi A,et al.An amorphous red phosphorus/carbon composite as a promising anode material for sodium ion batteries[J].Advanced Materials,2013,25(22):3045-3049.
[7]Polarz S,Smarsly B,Schattka J H.Hierachical porous carbon structures from cellulose acetate fibers[J].Chemistry of Materials,2002,14(7):2940-2945.
[8]Soltani S M,Yazdi S K,Hosseini S.Effects of pyrolysis conditions on the porous structure construction of mesoporous charred carbon from used cigarette filters[J]. Applied Nanoscience,2014,4(5):551-569.
[9]Novotny T E,Hardin S N,Hovda L R,et al.Tobacco and cigarette butt consumption in humans and animals[J]. Tobacco Control,2011,20(Suppl 1):i17-i20.
[10]Ali Z,Tahir M,Cao C,et al.Solid waste for energy storage material as electrode of supercapacitors[J]. Materials Letters,2016,181:191-195.
[11]Lee M,Kim G P,Song H D,et al.Preparation of energy storage material derived from a used cigarette filter for a supercapacitor electrode[J].Nanotechnology,2014,25(34):345601.
[12]Wang J,Kaskel S.KOH activation of carbon-based materials for energy storage[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry,2012,22(45):23710-23725.
[13]Basta A H,Fierro V,EL-saied H,et al.2-Steps KOH activation of rice straw:An efficient method for preparing high-performance activated carbons[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(17):3941-3947.
[14]Wang L,He X,Li J,et al.Nano-structured phosphorus composite as high-capacity anode materials for lithium batteries[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition,2012,51(36):9034-9037.
[15]Qian J,Qiao D,Ai X,et al.Reversible 3-Li storage reactions of amorphous phosphorus as high capacity and cycling-stable anodes for Li-ion batteries[J]. Chemical Communications,2012,48(71):8931-8933.
[16]Wang Y,Su F,Wood C D,et al.Preparation and characterization of carbon nanospheres as anode materials in lithium-ion secondary batteries[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2008,47(7):2294-2300.
[17]Pulis J,Wilson S A,Holter D. Degradation of cellulose acetatebased materials:A review[J].Journal of Polymers and the Environment,2010,19(1):152-165.
[18]Hamzah Y,Umar L.Preparation of creating active carbon from cigarette filter waste using microwave-induced KOH activation[C].Journal of Physics:Conference Series,Conference IOP Publishing Ltd,2017,853:012027.
[19]Zaug J M,Soper A K,Clark S M.Pressure-dependent structures of amorphous red phosphorus and the origin of the first sharp diffraction peaks[J].Nature Materials,2008,7(11):890-899.
[20]Puziy A M,Poddubnaya O I,Martinez-Alonso A,et al. Synthetic carbons activated with phosphoric acid I.Surface chemistry and ion binding properties[J].Carbon,2002,40(9):1493-1505.
[21]Puziy A M,Poddubnaya O I,Mertinez-Alonso A,et al. Surface chemistry of phosphorus-containing carbons of lignocellulosic origin[J].Carbon,2005,43(14):2857-2868.
[22]Wang Y,Tian L,Yao Z,et al.Enhanced reversibility of red phosphorus/active carbon composite as anode for lithium ion batteries[J].Electrochimica Acta,2015,163:71-76.
[23]Li W,Yang Z,Jiang Y,et al. Crystalline red phosphorus incorporated with porous carbon nanofibers as flexible electrode for high performance lithium-ion batteries[J]. Carbon,2014,78:455-462.
[24]Marino C,Boulet L,Gaveau P,et al. Nanoconfined phosphorus in mesoporous carbon as an electrode for Li-ion batteries:Performance and mechanism[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2012,22(42):22713-22720.
[25]Marino C,Debenetti A,Fraisse B,et al. Activated-phosphorus as new electrode material for Li-ion batteries[J]. Electrochemical Communications,2011,13(4):346-349.