高冷、热应力室内气候模拟实验台设计
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摘要
为研究人体在高冷、热应力环境下的生理反应,建立了一套高冷、热应力室内气候模拟实验平台。该实验平台由气候室空气调节子系统、夹层空气调节子系统、辐射板子系统、监测监控子系统组成,实现对气候室内温度、湿度、环境热辐射等环境参数的调控,从而模拟生产、生活中的高温、高湿热环境和低温冷环境。根据实验需要,气候室干球温度可在-15~50℃调节,相对湿度在30%~95%调节,壁面温度可控制在10~40℃。结果表明:该系统的高温实验升温速度约0.54℃/min,低温实验的降温速度约0.22℃/min,气候室内风速0.1~0.5 m/s,温湿度控制精度满足设计要求。
To investigate the physiological behaviors of human in high cold or heat stress environment,an indoor climate simulation experimental platform,which can simulate a high temperature and high humidity environment or a low temperature environment,was designed and constructed. The platform consists of four subsystems: climate chamber airconditioning subsystem,interlayer air-conditioning subsystem,radiant panel subsystem,and monitoring and control subsystem. Via the four subsystems,the air temperature,relative humidity,and the radiant temperature in climate chamber can be conditioned and controlled. The dry-bulb air temperature and relative humidity in the climate chamber can be adjusted according to the requirement of experiment in the ranges of- 15 ~ 50℃ and 30% ~ 95%,respectively. The wall surfaces temperature of climate chamber can be controlled in the range of 10 ~ 40℃. The system test results show that the temperature rose with a velocity of approximately 0. 54℃ / min during the high temperature experiment and the temperature dropped with a velocity of approximately 0. 22℃ / min during the low temperature experiment. The air velocity in climate chamber is about 0. 1 ~ 0. 5 m / s and the regulation precisions of temperature and humidity meets the design goal. The platform can provide experimental conditions for research on human physiological behavior in high cold or heat stress environment and can provide technology support for development of emergency and rescue equipment.
To investigate the physiological behaviors of human in high cold or heat stress environment,an indoor climate simulation experimental platform,which can simulate a high temperature and high humidity environment or a low temperature environment,was designed and constructed. The platform consists of four subsystems: climate chamber airconditioning subsystem,interlayer air-conditioning subsystem,radiant panel subsystem,and monitoring and control subsystem. Via the four subsystems,the air temperature,relative humidity,and the radiant temperature in climate chamber can be conditioned and controlled. The dry-bulb air temperature and relative humidity in the climate chamber can be adjusted according to the requirement of experiment in the ranges of- 15 ~ 50℃ and 30% ~ 95%,respectively. The wall surfaces temperature of climate chamber can be controlled in the range of 10 ~ 40℃. The system test results show that the temperature rose with a velocity of approximately 0. 54℃ / min during the high temperature experiment and the temperature dropped with a velocity of approximately 0. 22℃ / min during the low temperature experiment. The air velocity in climate chamber is about 0. 1 ~ 0. 5 m / s and the regulation precisions of temperature and humidity meets the design goal. The platform can provide experimental conditions for research on human physiological behavior in high cold or heat stress environment and can provide technology support for development of emergency and rescue equipment.
引文
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[15]朱能,赵靖.高热害煤矿极端环境条件下人体耐受力研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2006,25(5):34-37.
[16]韩雪峰,翁文国,付明.基于暖体假人的低温灾害模拟实验系统设计[J].实验室研究与探索,2012,31(7):4-6.
[2]史军,丁一汇,崔林丽.华东极端高温气候特征及成因分析[J].大气科学,2009,33(2):347-358.
[3]陈鹏云,王羽,文习山,等.低温雨雪冰冻灾害对我国电网损毁性影响概述[J].电网技术,2010(10):135-139.
[4]苏锲,李念平.寒冷环境下人体热反应特征的研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2009(2):104-106.
[5]刘卫东,张岩松,王丽华.我国煤矿高温矿井摸底调查情况[J].职业与健康,2012,28(9):1136-1138.
[6]卢宇鹏,黄锐,李亚威,等.水力通风换热机设计及其在封闭高温高湿环境中的应用[J].黄金,2011,32(2):41-45.
[7]Srivastava A,Kumar R,Joseph E,et al.Heat exposure study in the workplace in a glass manufacturing unit in India[J].Annals of Occupational Hygiene,2000,44(6):449-453.
[8]袁修干.人体热调节系统的数学模拟[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005:389-495.
[9]Waclawik J,Borodulin-Nadzieja L,Branny M,et al.Thermal comfort and safety of miners in the salt mine"PolkowiceSieroszowice"—selected aspects[J].Archives of Mining Sciences,2004,49(3):211-338.
[10]Malchaire J,Kampmann B,Mehnert P,et al.Assessment of the risk of heat disorders encountered during work in hot conditions[J].International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,2002,75:153-162.
[11]Yamane M,Oida Y.Effects of wind and rain on thermal responsesof humans in a mildly cold environment[J].European Journal of Applied Physiology,2010,109(1):117-123.
[12]Anttonen H,Pekkarinen A,Niskanen J.Safety at work in cold environments and prevention of cold stress[J].Industrial Health,2009,47(3):254-261.
[13]ISO 15743-2008.Ergonomics Of The Thermal Environment—Cold Workplaces—Risk assessment and management[S].
[14]ISO 7933-2004.Ergonomics of the thermal environment—Analytical determi-nation and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain[S].
[15]朱能,赵靖.高热害煤矿极端环境条件下人体耐受力研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2006,25(5):34-37.
[16]韩雪峰,翁文国,付明.基于暖体假人的低温灾害模拟实验系统设计[J].实验室研究与探索,2012,31(7):4-6.