琼东南盆地北礁凹陷多边形断层发育特征及成因
|
摘要
基于高精度三维地震解释和相干属性分析,发现琼东南盆地北礁凹陷三维区中新统三亚组、梅山组、黄流组发育大量多边形断层。梅山组顶面发育呈近EW向展布的长条形丘和丘间底流水道,其上方分别发育近EW向(多边形)断层密集带和近SN向横截水道(多边形)断层。北部泥岩区,丘规模越大,断层密集带越宽,断层密集带主要分布在黄流组下部和梅山组上段地层中,横截底流水道断层向上延伸较短,向下延伸至梅山组或三亚组,而梅山组至三亚组多边形断层逐渐呈现多边形形态。西南部砂岩区,黄流组底部断层密集带和横截水道断层比北部规模小,延伸短,梅山组下段发育近NE向横截浊积水道砂岩断层和近NW向平行浊积水道边界断层,其规模更小。重力扩展可以很好地解释黄流组断层密集带和横截底流水道断层的形成,梅山组和三亚组的多边形断层是超压水力破裂的结果,同时大颗粒砂岩抑制多边形断层的形成。在我国首次发现断层密集带和横截水道断层,该类断层对油气运移、识别强振幅地质体和丘形反射成因具有重要的意义。
Based on 3D high-resolution seismic interpretation and coherent attribute analysis, the polygonal fault system(PFS) discovered in the Beijiao Sag of the Qiongdongnan(QDN) Basin was discussed in detail. PFS occurred in the study area from the Shanya Formation to the Huangliu Formation. The characteristics of the PFS are diverse in the different areas. The elongated mounds and bottom current channels between mounds at the top of the Meishan Formation were nearly E-W oriented. The(polygonal) fault concentrated belts(FCBs) and traversed-channel(polygonal) faults(TCFs) were developed on the mounds and bottom current channels respectively. In the northern mudstone area, the larger the mound is, the wider the FCB is. The FCBs mainly occur at the bottom of the Huangliu Formation and the upper Meishan Formation. The TCFs extended from the Huangliu Formation to the Meishan Formation or to the Sanya Formation, while the extension of TCFs was limited in the bottom of the Huangliu Formation. However, the PFS gradually presents omni-direction in the Meishan and the Shanya Formations. In the southwestern sandstone area, the scale of FCBs and TCFs in the bottom of the Huangliu Formation is smaller than those in the northern mudstone area. In the lower Meishan Formation the scale of nearly N-E striking TCFs and nearly N-W striking FCBs along the boundary of turbidite channels is much smaller than the others. Gravitational spreading can account for the genesis of the FCBs and TCFs reasonably. Overpressure syneresis resulted mainly in the formation of PFS within the Meishan and Shanya Formations. Meanwhile, the coarse grain sandstone inhibited the formation of PFS. The discovery of FCBs and TCFs has a great significance in tracing hydrocarbon migration, identifying strong amplitude geologic bodies and inferring the genesis of mounded reflection.
Based on 3D high-resolution seismic interpretation and coherent attribute analysis, the polygonal fault system(PFS) discovered in the Beijiao Sag of the Qiongdongnan(QDN) Basin was discussed in detail. PFS occurred in the study area from the Shanya Formation to the Huangliu Formation. The characteristics of the PFS are diverse in the different areas. The elongated mounds and bottom current channels between mounds at the top of the Meishan Formation were nearly E-W oriented. The(polygonal) fault concentrated belts(FCBs) and traversed-channel(polygonal) faults(TCFs) were developed on the mounds and bottom current channels respectively. In the northern mudstone area, the larger the mound is, the wider the FCB is. The FCBs mainly occur at the bottom of the Huangliu Formation and the upper Meishan Formation. The TCFs extended from the Huangliu Formation to the Meishan Formation or to the Sanya Formation, while the extension of TCFs was limited in the bottom of the Huangliu Formation. However, the PFS gradually presents omni-direction in the Meishan and the Shanya Formations. In the southwestern sandstone area, the scale of FCBs and TCFs in the bottom of the Huangliu Formation is smaller than those in the northern mudstone area. In the lower Meishan Formation the scale of nearly N-E striking TCFs and nearly N-W striking FCBs along the boundary of turbidite channels is much smaller than the others. Gravitational spreading can account for the genesis of the FCBs and TCFs reasonably. Overpressure syneresis resulted mainly in the formation of PFS within the Meishan and Shanya Formations. Meanwhile, the coarse grain sandstone inhibited the formation of PFS. The discovery of FCBs and TCFs has a great significance in tracing hydrocarbon migration, identifying strong amplitude geologic bodies and inferring the genesis of mounded reflection.
引文
陈端新,吴时国,王志君,孙启良.2012.南海北部陆缘深水盆地多边形断层几何特征及成因.石油学报,33(4):610-616.
范二平,唐书恒,姜文,张成龙.2013.简述粘土矿物对页岩气储层的影响作用.北京:中国科技论文在线[2013-06-08].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201306-112.
付晓飞,宋岩.2008.松辽盆地三肇凹陷“T11”多边断层非构造成因机制探讨.地质学报,82(6):738-749.
郝芳.2005.超压盆地生烃作用动力学与油气成藏机理.北京:科学出版社:150-158.
何云龙,解习农,陆永潮,李绪深,徐伟,邹卓超.2012.琼东南盆地南部梅山组强振幅体成因及油气地质意义.石油学报,33(4):617-624.
雷超,任建业,裴健翔,林海涛,尹新义,佟殿君.2011.琼东南盆地深水区构造格局和幕式演化过程.地球科学,36(1):151-162.
李纯泉,陈红汉,张树林.2002.琼东南盆地压力场及其演化特征.新疆石油地质,23(5):389-391.
李俞锋,蒲仁海,牛宁,李斌.2017a.谷-丘互相对称的地震反射特征与成因及对琼东南盆地北礁凹陷的意义.地质科技情报,36(3):286-292.
李俞锋,蒲仁海,屈红军,李斌.2017b.琼东南盆地北礁凹陷梅山组顶部丘形反射特征及成因分析.海洋学报,39(5):89-102.
平贵东,付晓飞,刘宗堡,谢昭涵,高煜婷,方晓.2015.松辽盆地肇州油田层控多边形断层发育特征及在油成藏中的作用.中南大学学报(自然科学版),46(4):1353-1365.
全夏韵,李祥权,任建业,程涛.2015.松辽盆地三肇凹陷青一段多边形断层的发育及其油气地质意义.大地构造与成矿学,39(2):260-272.
孙启良,吴时国,陈端新,米立军.2014.南海北部深水盆地流体活动系统及其成藏意义.地球物理学报,57(12):4052-4062.
万世明,李安春,胥可辉,尹学明.2008.南海北部中新世以来黏土矿物特征及东亚古季风记录.地球科学,33(3):289-300.
王子嵩,刘震,王振峰,孙志鹏,王兵,刘鹏,陈宇航,曹尚.2014.琼东南盆地深水区中央坳陷带异常压力分布特征.地球学报,35(3):355-364.
吴时国,孙启良,董冬冬.2008.深水盆地中多边形断层的几何特征与形成机制探讨.地质力学学报,14(3):231-240.
吴时国,孙启良,吴拓宇,袁圣强,马玉波,姚根顺.2009.琼东南盆地深水区多边形断层的发现及其油气意义.石油学报,30(1):22-26.
尹新义,任建业,雷超.2010.琼东南盆地东部层间断层系及其形成机制分析.大地构造与成矿学,34(3):299-307.
张义娜,张功成,何玉平,沈怀磊,杨东升,宋双.2013.琼东南盆地北礁凹陷崖城组沉积与烃源岩发育特征.天然气地球科学,24(4):725-732.
赵天亮,蒲仁海,屈红军,张功成,梁建设,冯杨伟.2013.琼东南盆地南部中新统“丘”形反射成因探讨.海洋学报,35(4):112-120.
Bureau D,Mourgues R,Cartwright J,Foschi M and Abdelmalak M M.2013.Characterisation of interactions between a pre-existing polygonal fault system and sandstone intrusions and the determination of paleo-stresses in the Faroe-Shetland basin.Journal of Structural Geology,46(1):186-199.
Cartwright J A.2011.Diagenetically induced shear failure of fine-grained sediments and the development of polygonal fault systems.Marine and Petroleum Geology,28(9):1593-1610.
Cartwright J A and Dewhurst D N.1998.Layer-bound compaction faults in fine-grained sediments.Geological Society of America Bulletin,110(10):1242-1257.
Cartwright J A and Lonergan L.1996.Volumetric contraction during the compaction of mudrocks:A mechanism for the development of regional-scale polygonal fault systems.Basin Research,8(2):183-193.
Cartwright J,James D and Bolton A.2003.The genesis of polygonal fault systems:A review.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,216(1):223-243.
Chen D X,Wu S G,Wang X G and Lv F L.2011.Seismic expression of polygonal faults and its impact on fluid flow migration for gas hydrates formation in deep water of the South China Sea.Journal of Geological Research,(3):483-489.
Conybeare D M and Shaw H F.2000.Fracturing,overpressure release,and carbonate cementation in the Everest Complex,North Sea.Clay Minerals,35(1):139-153.
Cosgrove J W.2001.Hydraulic fracturing during the formation and deformation of a basin:A factor in the dewatering of low-permeability sediments.AAPG Bulletin,85(4):737-748.
Dewhurst D N,Cartwright J A and Lidia Lonergan.1999a.Three-dimensional consolidation of fine-grained sediments.Canadian Geotechnical Journal,36(2):355-362.
Dewhurst D N,Cartwright J A and Lonergan L.1999b.The development of polygonal fault systems by syneresis of colloidal sediments.Marine and Petroleum Geology,16(8):793-810.
Gay A and Berndt C.2007.Cessation/reactivation of polygonal faulting and effects on fluid flow in the V?ring Basin,Norwegian Margin.Journal of the Geological Society,164(1):129-141.
Han J H,Leng J G and Wang Y M.2016.Characteristics and genesis of the polygonal fault system in southern slope of the Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geology,70(3319):163-174.
Hansen D M and Cartwright J.2006.The three-dimensional geometry and growth of forced folds above saucer-shaped igneous sills.Journal of Structural Geology,28(8):1520-1535.
Hansen D M,Shimeld J W,Williamson M A and Andersen HL.2004.Development of a major polygonal fault system in Upper Cretaceous chalk and Cenozoic mudrocks of the Sable Subbasin,Canadian Atlantic margin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,21(9):1205-1219.
Henriet J P,Batist M D and Verschuren J.1991.Early fracturing of Palaeogene clays,southernmost North Sea:Relevance to mechanisms of primary hydrocarbon migration.Generation Accumulation and Production of Europe’s Hydrocarbons European Association of Petroleum Geoscientists Special Publications,1(16):254-264.
Morgan D A,Cartwright J A and Imbert P.2015.Perturbation of polygonal fault propagation by buried pockmarks and the implications for the development of polygonal fault systems.Marine and Petroleum Geology,65:157-171.
Ostanin I,Anka Z,Primio R D and Bernal A.2012.Identification of a large Upper Cretaceous polygonal fault network in the Hammerfest basin:Implications on the reactivation of regional faulting and gas leakage dynamics,SW Barents Sea.Marine Geology,332-334:109-125.
Paola N D,Collettini C and Trippetta F.2007.A mechanical model for complex fault patterns induced by evaporite dehydration and cyclic changes in fluid pressure.Journal of Structural Geology,29(10):1573-1584.
Stewart S A.2006.Implications of passive salt diapir kinematics for reservoir segmentation by radial and concentric faults.Marine and Petroleum Geology,23(8):843-853.
Stewart S A and Argent J D.2000.Relationship between polarity of extensional fault arrays and presence of detachments.Journal of Structural Geology,22(6):693-711.
Stuevold L M,Faerseth R B,Arnesen L and Linna A.2003.Polygonal faults in the Ormen Lange Field,More Basin,offshore Mid Norway.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,216(1):263-281.
Sun Q L,Cartwright J,Wu S G,Zhong G F,Wang S H and Zhang H L.2016.Submarine erosional troughs in the northern South China Sea:Evidence for Early Miocene deepwater circulation and paleoceanographic change.Marine and Petroleum Geology,77:75-91.
Sun Q L,Wu S G,LüF L and Yuan S Q.2010.Polygonal faults and their implications for hydrocarbon reservoirs in the southern Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,39(5):470-479.
Tian J,Wu S G,Lv F L,Wang D W,Wang B,Zhang X Y and Ma B J.2015.Middle Miocene mound-shaped sediment packages on the slope of the Xisha carbonate platforms,South China Sea:Combined result of gravity flow and bottom current.Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,122:172-184.
Victor P and Moretti I.2006.Polygonal fault systems and channel boudinage:3D analysis of multidirectional extension in analogue sandbox experiments.Marine and Petroleum Geology,23(7):777-789.
Wilson M J and Wilson L.2014.Clay mineralogy and shale instability:An alternative conceptual analysis.Clay Minerals,49(2):127-145.
Xie X N,Müller R D,Li S T,Gong Z S and Steinbergerd B.2006.Origin of anomalous subsidence along the Northern South China Sea margin and its relationship to dynamic topography.Marine and Petroleum Geology,23:745-765.
Yuan S H,Yao G S and Lv F L.2009.Features of Late Cenozoic Deepwater Sedimentation in Southern Qiongdongnan Basin,Northwestern South China Sea.Journal of Earth Science,20(1):172-179.
范二平,唐书恒,姜文,张成龙.2013.简述粘土矿物对页岩气储层的影响作用.北京:中国科技论文在线[2013-06-08].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201306-112.
付晓飞,宋岩.2008.松辽盆地三肇凹陷“T11”多边断层非构造成因机制探讨.地质学报,82(6):738-749.
郝芳.2005.超压盆地生烃作用动力学与油气成藏机理.北京:科学出版社:150-158.
何云龙,解习农,陆永潮,李绪深,徐伟,邹卓超.2012.琼东南盆地南部梅山组强振幅体成因及油气地质意义.石油学报,33(4):617-624.
雷超,任建业,裴健翔,林海涛,尹新义,佟殿君.2011.琼东南盆地深水区构造格局和幕式演化过程.地球科学,36(1):151-162.
李纯泉,陈红汉,张树林.2002.琼东南盆地压力场及其演化特征.新疆石油地质,23(5):389-391.
李俞锋,蒲仁海,牛宁,李斌.2017a.谷-丘互相对称的地震反射特征与成因及对琼东南盆地北礁凹陷的意义.地质科技情报,36(3):286-292.
李俞锋,蒲仁海,屈红军,李斌.2017b.琼东南盆地北礁凹陷梅山组顶部丘形反射特征及成因分析.海洋学报,39(5):89-102.
平贵东,付晓飞,刘宗堡,谢昭涵,高煜婷,方晓.2015.松辽盆地肇州油田层控多边形断层发育特征及在油成藏中的作用.中南大学学报(自然科学版),46(4):1353-1365.
全夏韵,李祥权,任建业,程涛.2015.松辽盆地三肇凹陷青一段多边形断层的发育及其油气地质意义.大地构造与成矿学,39(2):260-272.
孙启良,吴时国,陈端新,米立军.2014.南海北部深水盆地流体活动系统及其成藏意义.地球物理学报,57(12):4052-4062.
万世明,李安春,胥可辉,尹学明.2008.南海北部中新世以来黏土矿物特征及东亚古季风记录.地球科学,33(3):289-300.
王子嵩,刘震,王振峰,孙志鹏,王兵,刘鹏,陈宇航,曹尚.2014.琼东南盆地深水区中央坳陷带异常压力分布特征.地球学报,35(3):355-364.
吴时国,孙启良,董冬冬.2008.深水盆地中多边形断层的几何特征与形成机制探讨.地质力学学报,14(3):231-240.
吴时国,孙启良,吴拓宇,袁圣强,马玉波,姚根顺.2009.琼东南盆地深水区多边形断层的发现及其油气意义.石油学报,30(1):22-26.
尹新义,任建业,雷超.2010.琼东南盆地东部层间断层系及其形成机制分析.大地构造与成矿学,34(3):299-307.
张义娜,张功成,何玉平,沈怀磊,杨东升,宋双.2013.琼东南盆地北礁凹陷崖城组沉积与烃源岩发育特征.天然气地球科学,24(4):725-732.
赵天亮,蒲仁海,屈红军,张功成,梁建设,冯杨伟.2013.琼东南盆地南部中新统“丘”形反射成因探讨.海洋学报,35(4):112-120.
Bureau D,Mourgues R,Cartwright J,Foschi M and Abdelmalak M M.2013.Characterisation of interactions between a pre-existing polygonal fault system and sandstone intrusions and the determination of paleo-stresses in the Faroe-Shetland basin.Journal of Structural Geology,46(1):186-199.
Cartwright J A.2011.Diagenetically induced shear failure of fine-grained sediments and the development of polygonal fault systems.Marine and Petroleum Geology,28(9):1593-1610.
Cartwright J A and Dewhurst D N.1998.Layer-bound compaction faults in fine-grained sediments.Geological Society of America Bulletin,110(10):1242-1257.
Cartwright J A and Lonergan L.1996.Volumetric contraction during the compaction of mudrocks:A mechanism for the development of regional-scale polygonal fault systems.Basin Research,8(2):183-193.
Cartwright J,James D and Bolton A.2003.The genesis of polygonal fault systems:A review.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,216(1):223-243.
Chen D X,Wu S G,Wang X G and Lv F L.2011.Seismic expression of polygonal faults and its impact on fluid flow migration for gas hydrates formation in deep water of the South China Sea.Journal of Geological Research,(3):483-489.
Conybeare D M and Shaw H F.2000.Fracturing,overpressure release,and carbonate cementation in the Everest Complex,North Sea.Clay Minerals,35(1):139-153.
Cosgrove J W.2001.Hydraulic fracturing during the formation and deformation of a basin:A factor in the dewatering of low-permeability sediments.AAPG Bulletin,85(4):737-748.
Dewhurst D N,Cartwright J A and Lidia Lonergan.1999a.Three-dimensional consolidation of fine-grained sediments.Canadian Geotechnical Journal,36(2):355-362.
Dewhurst D N,Cartwright J A and Lonergan L.1999b.The development of polygonal fault systems by syneresis of colloidal sediments.Marine and Petroleum Geology,16(8):793-810.
Gay A and Berndt C.2007.Cessation/reactivation of polygonal faulting and effects on fluid flow in the V?ring Basin,Norwegian Margin.Journal of the Geological Society,164(1):129-141.
Han J H,Leng J G and Wang Y M.2016.Characteristics and genesis of the polygonal fault system in southern slope of the Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geology,70(3319):163-174.
Hansen D M and Cartwright J.2006.The three-dimensional geometry and growth of forced folds above saucer-shaped igneous sills.Journal of Structural Geology,28(8):1520-1535.
Hansen D M,Shimeld J W,Williamson M A and Andersen HL.2004.Development of a major polygonal fault system in Upper Cretaceous chalk and Cenozoic mudrocks of the Sable Subbasin,Canadian Atlantic margin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,21(9):1205-1219.
Henriet J P,Batist M D and Verschuren J.1991.Early fracturing of Palaeogene clays,southernmost North Sea:Relevance to mechanisms of primary hydrocarbon migration.Generation Accumulation and Production of Europe’s Hydrocarbons European Association of Petroleum Geoscientists Special Publications,1(16):254-264.
Morgan D A,Cartwright J A and Imbert P.2015.Perturbation of polygonal fault propagation by buried pockmarks and the implications for the development of polygonal fault systems.Marine and Petroleum Geology,65:157-171.
Ostanin I,Anka Z,Primio R D and Bernal A.2012.Identification of a large Upper Cretaceous polygonal fault network in the Hammerfest basin:Implications on the reactivation of regional faulting and gas leakage dynamics,SW Barents Sea.Marine Geology,332-334:109-125.
Paola N D,Collettini C and Trippetta F.2007.A mechanical model for complex fault patterns induced by evaporite dehydration and cyclic changes in fluid pressure.Journal of Structural Geology,29(10):1573-1584.
Stewart S A.2006.Implications of passive salt diapir kinematics for reservoir segmentation by radial and concentric faults.Marine and Petroleum Geology,23(8):843-853.
Stewart S A and Argent J D.2000.Relationship between polarity of extensional fault arrays and presence of detachments.Journal of Structural Geology,22(6):693-711.
Stuevold L M,Faerseth R B,Arnesen L and Linna A.2003.Polygonal faults in the Ormen Lange Field,More Basin,offshore Mid Norway.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,216(1):263-281.
Sun Q L,Cartwright J,Wu S G,Zhong G F,Wang S H and Zhang H L.2016.Submarine erosional troughs in the northern South China Sea:Evidence for Early Miocene deepwater circulation and paleoceanographic change.Marine and Petroleum Geology,77:75-91.
Sun Q L,Wu S G,LüF L and Yuan S Q.2010.Polygonal faults and their implications for hydrocarbon reservoirs in the southern Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,39(5):470-479.
Tian J,Wu S G,Lv F L,Wang D W,Wang B,Zhang X Y and Ma B J.2015.Middle Miocene mound-shaped sediment packages on the slope of the Xisha carbonate platforms,South China Sea:Combined result of gravity flow and bottom current.Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,122:172-184.
Victor P and Moretti I.2006.Polygonal fault systems and channel boudinage:3D analysis of multidirectional extension in analogue sandbox experiments.Marine and Petroleum Geology,23(7):777-789.
Wilson M J and Wilson L.2014.Clay mineralogy and shale instability:An alternative conceptual analysis.Clay Minerals,49(2):127-145.
Xie X N,Müller R D,Li S T,Gong Z S and Steinbergerd B.2006.Origin of anomalous subsidence along the Northern South China Sea margin and its relationship to dynamic topography.Marine and Petroleum Geology,23:745-765.
Yuan S H,Yao G S and Lv F L.2009.Features of Late Cenozoic Deepwater Sedimentation in Southern Qiongdongnan Basin,Northwestern South China Sea.Journal of Earth Science,20(1):172-179.