广州市多渠道配置模式后公立中小学校医队伍建设现状
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摘要
目的了解广州市采用多渠道配置校医模式后公立中小学校医队伍建设情况,为中小学校校医配置改革提供借鉴。方法以广州市1 099所中小学校为调研对象,采用问卷调查收集和分析校医配备、校医个人基本信息及工作情况。结果中小学校中有638所配备了707名专职校医,配备率为58.05%,合格率为28.20%;校医招聘仍以自主招聘为主(55.87%),购买服务模式(社区派驻、医院购买服务、校医室托管)配置的占44.13%。校医专业以护理为主(56.86%),其次为临床(26.03%)、预防医学(9.76%);在职称方面,初、中、高级职称分别占52.47%,37.34%,1.27%;高达68.74%的校医工作年限在5年以下;平均每0.5年1次的培训占68.60%。校医对工资待遇满意率为33.95%,不满意率为20.79%。与2016年相比,校医队伍的学历、职称、工作条件变化不大,专业构成方面,临床医学减少,护理明显增多,工作负荷有所减少,但工资待遇满意度下降(P值均<0.01)。结论采用多渠道配置校医模式后,广州市中小学校医队伍建设取得突破性进展。建议完善校医规范化工作指引,加强专业技能培训与考核,整体提升全市学校卫生工作水平。
Objective To understand the situation of school medical staff in Guangzhou after adopting multi-channel medical model, and to provide reference for school medical team construction.Methods A total of 1099 primary and secondary schools in Guangzhou participated in this study through questionnaire survey regarding school medical personnel, basic situation of school medical personnel and work situation.Results Among the 1099 primary and secondary schools surveyed, 638(58.05%) of them consisted of 707 full-time school doctors, the eligible rate was 28.20%.The recruitment of school doctors was still based on independent recruitment(55.87%), and 44.13% of the purchase service modes(community deployment, hospital purchase services,and school clinic custody) were deployed.Most of school medical professionals majored in nursing(56.86%), followed by clinical medicine(26.03%) and preventive medicine(9.76%); In terms of professional titles, junior, intermediate and senior certificates accounted for 52.47%, 37.34%, and 1.27%, respectively; More than 68.74% of school doctors worked for less than 5 years; On average, 68.60% of training were provided every six months.About 33.95% of the school doctor were satisfied with salary, 20.79%were not satisfied.Compared with the year 2016, no significant changes were noticed in academic qualifications, professional titles,and working conditions of school medical team, however, increased proportion of staffs with nursing certificate instead of clinical medicine certificate increased, workload and satisfaction towards salary decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion After adopting the multichannel deployment model, the construction of school health workforce in Guangzhou has made breakthrough progress.It is proposed to improve the guidelines for the standardization of school doctors, to strengthen the professional skills training of school doctors,and to better improve the overall level of school health work in the city.
Objective To understand the situation of school medical staff in Guangzhou after adopting multi-channel medical model, and to provide reference for school medical team construction.Methods A total of 1099 primary and secondary schools in Guangzhou participated in this study through questionnaire survey regarding school medical personnel, basic situation of school medical personnel and work situation.Results Among the 1099 primary and secondary schools surveyed, 638(58.05%) of them consisted of 707 full-time school doctors, the eligible rate was 28.20%.The recruitment of school doctors was still based on independent recruitment(55.87%), and 44.13% of the purchase service modes(community deployment, hospital purchase services,and school clinic custody) were deployed.Most of school medical professionals majored in nursing(56.86%), followed by clinical medicine(26.03%) and preventive medicine(9.76%); In terms of professional titles, junior, intermediate and senior certificates accounted for 52.47%, 37.34%, and 1.27%, respectively; More than 68.74% of school doctors worked for less than 5 years; On average, 68.60% of training were provided every six months.About 33.95% of the school doctor were satisfied with salary, 20.79%were not satisfied.Compared with the year 2016, no significant changes were noticed in academic qualifications, professional titles,and working conditions of school medical team, however, increased proportion of staffs with nursing certificate instead of clinical medicine certificate increased, workload and satisfaction towards salary decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion After adopting the multichannel deployment model, the construction of school health workforce in Guangzhou has made breakthrough progress.It is proposed to improve the guidelines for the standardization of school doctors, to strengthen the professional skills training of school doctors,and to better improve the overall level of school health work in the city.
引文
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[11]杨小蕾,李瑶,胡洋.昆明市中小学校医(保健教师)队伍现况调查研究[J].中国继续医学教育,2018,10(2):44-47.
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[13]吴小敏,周丽,董国迎,等.深圳市中小学学校校医和保健老师队伍现况调查[J].中国校医,2011,25(1):49-50.
[14]段星.海淀区中小学校校医激励机制优化研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.
[15]魏芳.学校卫生保健人员的专业化培养需求和培养目标分析[J].中国继续医学教育,2017,9(18):53-54.
[2]林琼芬,王琦,郭仰峰,等.广州市中小学校校医配备状况[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(8):1222-1223.
[3]国务院.学校卫生工作条例[Z].1990-06-04.
[4]廖文科.当前学校卫生工作的主要任务:贯彻落实中央7号文件,全面推进学校卫生工作[J].中国学校卫生,2008,29(1):1-3.
[5]潘勇平,储大公,高爱钰,等.北京市东城区学校卫生保健队伍现状调查[J].中国校医,2006,20(3):258-259.
[6]刘其礼,李红颜,保泽庆,等.广东省中小学校以队伍基本情况调查[J].深圳中西医结合杂志,2015,25(1):182-183.
[7]张彦勤,娄晓民,王鲜,等.河南省中小学校校医室现况[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(5):734-736.
[8]张壵.北京市通州区中小学校校医和保健教师队伍调查[J].临床医药文献杂志,2017,4(58):11459-11463.
[9]吴琼.南京市中小学校医和保健教师基本情况调查[J].中国校医,2016,30(9):702-703.
[10]郭珂,刘玮,王燕,等.兰州市2015年中小学校卫生人员队伍状况[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(11):1747-1748.
[11]杨小蕾,李瑶,胡洋.昆明市中小学校医(保健教师)队伍现况调查研究[J].中国继续医学教育,2018,10(2):44-47.
[12]张萍,佟明菊.北京市朝阳区中小学校医和卫生教师现状调查[J].中国校医,2009,23(5):514-515.
[13]吴小敏,周丽,董国迎,等.深圳市中小学学校校医和保健老师队伍现况调查[J].中国校医,2011,25(1):49-50.
[14]段星.海淀区中小学校校医激励机制优化研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.
[15]魏芳.学校卫生保健人员的专业化培养需求和培养目标分析[J].中国继续医学教育,2017,9(18):53-54.