含分布式光伏的多级变压交直流混合配电网经济性评估
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摘要
交直流混合配电系统可以提高电网的灵活性和可再生能源消纳,提出了在高渗透率分布式光伏场景下基于电力电子变压器(power electronic transformer,PET)的交直流配电网运行优化和经济性评估方法。通过计算包含交直流变换环节损耗和电网可靠性约束等条件的运行成本,分析交直流配电系统相比传统交流配网在提高优化调度水平和降低功率损耗方面的优势。将PET和PV并网变流器作为调控对象,提出PET配置与运行综合优化调度方法,在确定PET最优位置与容量设置的条件下进行有功和无功功率调节,最小化运行成本与计及多级变换器运行效率的总功率损耗。为求解包含整数变量的多目标优化问题,提出两阶段优化算法,优化配置与功率调节两个阶段迭代求解。最后在含分布式光伏和PET的改造33节点配电网进行仿真,验证交直流配电在促进光伏消纳和提高运行经济性的效果。
Hybrid AC/DC power distribution improves flexibility of power system and accommodation of renewables. This paper develops a method for optimal operation and cost-effectiveness evaluation of the hybrid distribution network based on power electronic transformer(PET) with high penetration of photovoltaics(PV). The power loss in AC-DC conversion is included in calculation of operating cost with the constraints of power system reliability. The advantages of hybrid distribution network in terms of improving optimal operation and reducing power losses are analyzed by comparing with traditional distribution network. A combined optimization of PET configuration and operation of power networks is formulated by adjusting PET and PV power converter. Active and reactive powers are regulated with fixed location and capacity of PETs for minimizing the operating cost and power losses considering the operational efficiency of multi-voltage converters. A two-stage optimal algorithm is proposed to solve the multi-objective mixed integer optimization problem, where the optimal configuration and operation of mixed network are solved iteratively. A 33-bus test system with distributed PVs and PETs is simulated and the results show the merits of hybrid AC/DC network in terms of economic operation and PV integration.
Hybrid AC/DC power distribution improves flexibility of power system and accommodation of renewables. This paper develops a method for optimal operation and cost-effectiveness evaluation of the hybrid distribution network based on power electronic transformer(PET) with high penetration of photovoltaics(PV). The power loss in AC-DC conversion is included in calculation of operating cost with the constraints of power system reliability. The advantages of hybrid distribution network in terms of improving optimal operation and reducing power losses are analyzed by comparing with traditional distribution network. A combined optimization of PET configuration and operation of power networks is formulated by adjusting PET and PV power converter. Active and reactive powers are regulated with fixed location and capacity of PETs for minimizing the operating cost and power losses considering the operational efficiency of multi-voltage converters. A two-stage optimal algorithm is proposed to solve the multi-objective mixed integer optimization problem, where the optimal configuration and operation of mixed network are solved iteratively. A 33-bus test system with distributed PVs and PETs is simulated and the results show the merits of hybrid AC/DC network in terms of economic operation and PV integration.
引文
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[15]刘维,涂春鸣,兰征,等.具有同步电机特性的电力电子变压器[J].电网技术,2016,40(3):918-924.Liu Wei,Tu Chunming,Lan Zheng,et al.Power electronic transformer with synchronous generator characteristics[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(3):918-924(in Chinese).
[16]Gerber D,Vossos V,Feng W,et al.A simulation-based efficiency comparison of AC and DC power distribution networks in commercial buildings[J].Applied Energy,2018(210):1167-1187.
[17]Ru Y,Kleissl J,Martinez S.Size determination for grid-connected photovoltaic systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2013,4(1):68-81.
[18]Ziadi Z,Taira S,Oshiro M,et al.Optimal power scheduling for smart grids considering controllable loads and high penetration of photovoltaic generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(5):2350-2359.
[19]Liu C,Li X J,Zhi Y M,et al.New breed of solid-state transformer mainly combing hybrid cascaded multilevel converter with resonant DC-DC converters[J].Applied Energy,2018(210):724-736.
[20]Li F F,Qiu J.Multi-objective optimization for integrated hydrophotovoltaic power system[J].Applied Energy,2016(167):377-384.
[21]Savier J S,Das D.Impact of network reconfiguration on loss allocation of radial distribution systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2007,22(4):2473-2480.
[2]Backhaus S,Swift GW,Chatzivasileiadis S.DC microgrids scoping study:estimate of technical and economic benefits[R].New Mexico,USA:Los Alamos National Laboratory,Department of Energy,2015:22097.
[3]Al Lee G,Tschudi W.Edison Redux,380 V DC brings reliability and efficiency to sustainable data centers[J].IEEE Power Energy Magazine,2012,10(6):50-59.
[4]魏梦航,荆龙,吴学智,等.含储能的电力电子变压器拓扑及控制策略研究[J].电网技术,2018,42(11):3630-3638.Wei Menghang,Jing Long,Wu Xuezhi,et al.Research on topology and control strategy of ESS-PET[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(11):3630-3638(in Chinese).
[5]孙秋,范春菊,徐峰,等.电力电子变压器中压直流端口单极接地故障特性研究[J].电网技术,2018,42(11):3616-3622.Sun Qiu,Fan Chunju,Xu Feng,et al.Research on characteristics of pole-to-ground fault in MV power electronic transformer DC port[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(11):3616-3622(in Chinese).
[6]Wunder B,Ott L,Szpek M,et al.Energy efficient DC-grids for commercial buildings[C]//Proceedings of 2014 IEEE 36th International Telecommunications Energy Conference(INTELEC).Vancouver,Canada:IEEE,2014:1-8.
[7]Rodriguez-Diaz E,Vasquez J C,Guerrero J M.Potential energy savings by using direct current for residential applications:a Danish household study case[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Second International Conference on DC Microgrids(ICDCM).Nuremberg,Germany:IEEE,2017:547-552.
[8]Boeke U,Wendt M.DC power grids for buildings[C]//Proceedings of2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids(ICDCM).Atlanta,USA:IEEE,2015:210-214.
[9]李子欣,高范强,赵聪,等.电力电子变压器技术研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(5):1274-1289.Li Zixin,Gao Fanqiang,Zhao Cong,et al.Research review on power electronic transformer technologies[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(5):1274-1289(in Chinese).
[10]孙玉巍,李永刚,刘教民,等.级联式电力电子变压器协调控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(5):1290-1300.Sun Yuwei,Li Yonggang,Liu Jiaomin,et al.Coordinative control strategy for cascaded power electronic transformer[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(5):1290-1300(in Chinese).
[11]张祥龙,周晖,肖智宏,等.电力电子变压器在有源配电网无功优化中的应用[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(4):80-85.Zhang Xianglong,Zhou Hui,Xiao Zhihong,et al.Power electronic transformer applied to optimization of reactive power in active distribution system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(4):80-85(in Chinese).
[12]卢子广,赵刚,杨达亮,等.配电网电力电子变压器技术综述[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2016,28(5):48-54.Lu Ziguang,Zhao Gang,Yang Daliang,et al.Overview of research on power electronic transformer in distribution network[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2016,28(5):48-54(in Chinese).
[13]董雷,张涛,蒲天骄,等.含电力电子变压器的交直流配电网电压不平衡优化抑制方法[J].电网技术,2018,42(11):3609-3616.Dong Lei,Zhang Tao,Pu Tianjiao,et al.Optimization method for voltage imbalance suppression of AC/DC distribution network with PET[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(11):3609-3616(in Chinese).
[14]冯怿彬,汪科,葛晓慧,等.交直流混合微电网系统设计与控制架构分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(23):143-150.Feng Yibin,Wang Ke,Ge Xiaohui,et al.System design and control framework analysis of hybrid AC-DC microgrid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(23):143-150(in Chinese).
[15]刘维,涂春鸣,兰征,等.具有同步电机特性的电力电子变压器[J].电网技术,2016,40(3):918-924.Liu Wei,Tu Chunming,Lan Zheng,et al.Power electronic transformer with synchronous generator characteristics[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(3):918-924(in Chinese).
[16]Gerber D,Vossos V,Feng W,et al.A simulation-based efficiency comparison of AC and DC power distribution networks in commercial buildings[J].Applied Energy,2018(210):1167-1187.
[17]Ru Y,Kleissl J,Martinez S.Size determination for grid-connected photovoltaic systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2013,4(1):68-81.
[18]Ziadi Z,Taira S,Oshiro M,et al.Optimal power scheduling for smart grids considering controllable loads and high penetration of photovoltaic generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(5):2350-2359.
[19]Liu C,Li X J,Zhi Y M,et al.New breed of solid-state transformer mainly combing hybrid cascaded multilevel converter with resonant DC-DC converters[J].Applied Energy,2018(210):724-736.
[20]Li F F,Qiu J.Multi-objective optimization for integrated hydrophotovoltaic power system[J].Applied Energy,2016(167):377-384.
[21]Savier J S,Das D.Impact of network reconfiguration on loss allocation of radial distribution systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2007,22(4):2473-2480.