冬季居住区不同功能绿地PM_(2.5)浓度变化及其与气象因子的关系
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摘要
以杭州市临安区林水山居为研究对象,在2017年冬季采用实地测量法对居住区内3个不同功能绿地和对照点的PM_(2.5)浓度、气象因子(温度、相对湿度、风速和光照强度)进行监测,评价绿地对居住区环境降低大气PM_(2.5)浓度的作用,同时探讨环境因素对PM_(2.5)浓度的影响。结果表明,居住区3个不同功能绿地和对照点的PM_(2.5)浓度日变化趋势基本一致,呈"单峰单谷"型;PM_(2.5)浓度均值从大到小依次是道路绿地>宅旁绿地>中心绿地>对照点。居住区的PM_(2.5)浓度与温度呈负相关关系(R~2=0.794 6);与相对湿度呈正相关(R~2=0.642 5);与风速呈负相关;与光照强度呈负相关,可拟合为线性方程y=95.3-4.7x,(0.05 Taking the Linshuishanju Residential Area in Lin?an District,Hangzhou as the research object,in the winter of 2017,the field measurement method was used to monitor the PM_(2.5) concentration and meteorological factors(temperature,relative humidity,wind speed and light intensity) in three different functional green spaces and the control point.The effect of green space on reducing atmospheric PM_(2.5) concentration in residential area was evaluated and the influence of environmental factors on PM_(2.5) concentration was explored.The results showed that the daily variation trends of PM_(2.5) concentration in three different functional green spaces and the control point were basically the same,showing "single peak and single valley" pattern; the order of PM_(2.5) concentration from large to small was road green space>house green space>central green space>the control point.There was a negative correlation between PM_(2.5) concentration and temperature(R~2=0.794 6),a positive correlation between PM_(2.5) concentration and relative humidity(R~2=0.642 5),a negative correlation between that and wind speed,and a negative correlation between that and light intensity,which could be fitted to a linear equation y=95.3-4.7x,(0.05
引文
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[17] 郭建超,齐实,申云康,等.2种城市林地PM2.5质量浓度变化及其与气象因子的关系[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):88-93.GUO J C,QI S,SHEN Y K,et al.PM2.5 mass concentration changes of two kinds urban forest and its correlation with meteorological factors[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(6):88-93.(in Chinese)
[18] 赵松婷,李新宇,李延明.北京市常用园林植物滞留PM2.5能力的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(2):280-287.ZHAO S T,LI X Y,LI Y M.Capability of common garden plants in Beijing to retain PM2.5[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(2):280-287.(in Chinese)
[19] 赵云阁,鲁绍伟,李利学,等.北京秋季不同树种吸附PM2.5研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(10):27-33.ZHAO Y G,LU S W,LI L X,et al.Study on PM2.5 adsorption of different tree species in autumn in Beijing[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology,2016,36(10):27-33.(in Chinese)
[20] 包贞,冯银厂,焦荔,等.杭州市大气PM2.5和PM10污染特征及来源解析[J].中国环境监测,2010,26(2):44-48.BAO Z,FENG Y C,JIAO L,et al.Characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5 and PM10 in Hangzhou[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2010,26(2):44-48.(in Chinese)
[21] 种培芳,陈年来.光照强度对园艺植物光合作用影响的研究进展[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008,43(5):104-109.ZHONG P F,CHEN N L.Research progress of the influence of light intensity on photosynthesis of horticultural plants[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2008,43(5):104-109.(in Chinese)
[22] 刘宇,黄旭,偶春,等.夏季不同结构绿地空气PM2.5浓度与气候因子关系[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(5):241-245.LIU Y,HUANG X,OU C,et al.Relationships between PM2.5 concentrations in different greenbelts and climate factors in summer[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(5):241-245.(in Chinese)
[23] 吴志萍,王成,侯晓静,等.6种城市绿地空气PM2.5浓度变化规律的研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2008,35(4):494-498.WU Z P,WANG C,HOU X J,et al.Variation of air PM2.5 concentration in six urban greenlands[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2008,35(4):494-498.(in Chinese)
[24] 项佳娥,徐丽华,张方方,等.杭州城区PM2.5和PM10污染特征及其影响因子分析[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(6):36-42.XIANG J E,XU L H,ZHANG F F,et al.Study on the pollution characters and impact factors of PM2.5 and PM10 in urban Hangzhou[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2016,32(6):36-42.(in Chinese)
[25] 杨波,帕梅拉·布莱克默,克里斯·宾德.住宅景观绩效评价:基于现场数据的视觉与生物气候学分析[J].风景园林,2015(1):87-98.YANG B,PAMELA B,CHRIS B.Assessing residential landscape performance:visual and bioclimatic analyses through in-situ data[J].Landscape Architecture,2015(1):87-98.(in Chinese)
[2] CAO C,JIANG W J,WANG B Y,et al.Inhalable microorganisms in Beijing?s PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants during a severe smog event[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2014,48(3):1499-1507.
[3] DO?ANLAR Z B,ATMACA M.Influence of airborne pollution on Cd,Zn,Pb,Cu,and Al accumulation and physiological parameters of plant leaves in Antakya (Turkey) [J].Water Air & Soil Pollution,2011,214(1-4):509-523.
[4] DZIERZANOWSKI K,POPEK R,GAWRONSKA H,et al.Deposition of particulate matter of different size fractions on leaf surfaces and in waxes of urban forest species[J].International Journal of Phytoremediation,2011,13(10):1037-1046.
[5] LIACOS J W,KAM W K,DELFINO R J,et al.Characterization of organic,metal and trace element PM2.5 species and derivation of freeway-based emission rates in Los Angeles,CA[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,435-436:159-166.
[6] SOLAZZO E,BIANCONI R,PIROVANO G,et al.Operational model evaluation for particulate matter in Europe and North America in the context of AQMEII[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,53:75-92.
[7] 陈小平,焦奕雯,裴婷婷,等.园林植物吸附细颗粒物(PM2.5)效应研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2014,33 (9):2558-2566.CHEN X P,JIAO Y W,PEI T T,et al.The effect of adsorbing fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by garden plants:a review[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(9):2558-2566.(in Chinese)
[8] 汪结明,王良桂,朱柯铖杰,等.不同园林绿地类型内空气PM2.5浓度的动态变化及其滞尘效应分析[J].环境工程,2016,34(7):120-124.WANG J M,WANG L G,ZHU K C J,et al.Dynamic variation of air PM2.5 concentration in different greenland types and analysis of dust removal effect[J].Environmental Engineering,2016,34(7):120-124.(in Chinese)
[9] 彭敏,储江伟,李洪亮,等.哈尔滨市冬季雾霾天大气颗粒物污染特征分析[J].森林工程,2017,33(1):33-40.PENG M,CHU J W,LI H L,et al.Analysis on the pollution characteristics of atmospheric particles during haze weather in winter Harbin[J].Forsty Engineering,2017,33(1):33-40.(in Chinese)
[10] 赵松婷,李新宇,李延明,等.公园绿地及周边环境PM2.5浓度特征及影响因素[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2017,41(2):187-192.ZHAO S T,LI X Y,LI Y M,et al.Analysis of influence factors and characteristics of PM2.5 concentration in a public park and surroundings areas[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences Edition,2017,41(2):187-192.(in Chinese)
[11] 张文辉,虞晓芬,李金涛,等.杭州市主城区居住区空气PM2.5浓度监测与分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2017,27(14):2075-2077.ZHANG W H,YU X F,LI J T,et al.Monitoring and analysis of air PM2.5 concentration in urban residential area of Hangzhou[J].Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology,2017,27(14):2075-2077.(in Chinese)
[12] 刘滨谊,梅欹,匡纬.上海城市居住区风景园林空间小气候要素与人群行为关系测析[J].中国园林,2016,32(1):5-9.LIU B Y,MEI Y,KUANG W.Experimental research on correlation between microclimate element and human behavior and perception of residential landscape space in Shanghai[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2016,32(1):5-9.(in Chinese)
[13] 任斌斌,李薇,谢军飞,等.北京居住区绿地规模与结构对环境微气候的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(6):289-295.REN B B,LI W,XIE J F,et al.Effects of residential green spaces with different scales and structures on micro climatic environment in Beijing[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(6):289-295.(in Chinese)
[14] 吴正旺,韩宇婷,吴彦强.PM2.5在北京几种典型居住区中的分布及扩散比较[J].华中建筑,2016,34(8):38-41.WU Z W,HAN Y T,WU Y Q.Distribution and diffusion comparison of PM2.5 in several typical residential areas in Beijing[J].Huazhong Architecture,2016,34(8):38-41.(in Chinese)
[15] 陈志杰,陈哲,赵凤岐.软基沉降拟合的Boltzmann曲线模型研究[J].煤炭工程,2014,46(12):90-93.CHEN Z J,CHEN Z,ZHAO F Q.Soft soil foundation settlement curve fit with Boltzmann model[J].Coal Engineering,2014,46(12):90-93.(in Chinese)
[16] 郭含文,丁国栋,赵媛媛,等.城市不同绿地PM2.5质量浓度日变化规律[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(4):99-103.GUO H W,DING G D,ZHAO Y Y,et al.Diurnal variations in the mass concentration of suspended particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) of different urban green space[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,11(4):99-103.(in Chinese)
[17] 郭建超,齐实,申云康,等.2种城市林地PM2.5质量浓度变化及其与气象因子的关系[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):88-93.GUO J C,QI S,SHEN Y K,et al.PM2.5 mass concentration changes of two kinds urban forest and its correlation with meteorological factors[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(6):88-93.(in Chinese)
[18] 赵松婷,李新宇,李延明.北京市常用园林植物滞留PM2.5能力的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(2):280-287.ZHAO S T,LI X Y,LI Y M.Capability of common garden plants in Beijing to retain PM2.5[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(2):280-287.(in Chinese)
[19] 赵云阁,鲁绍伟,李利学,等.北京秋季不同树种吸附PM2.5研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(10):27-33.ZHAO Y G,LU S W,LI L X,et al.Study on PM2.5 adsorption of different tree species in autumn in Beijing[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology,2016,36(10):27-33.(in Chinese)
[20] 包贞,冯银厂,焦荔,等.杭州市大气PM2.5和PM10污染特征及来源解析[J].中国环境监测,2010,26(2):44-48.BAO Z,FENG Y C,JIAO L,et al.Characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5 and PM10 in Hangzhou[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2010,26(2):44-48.(in Chinese)
[21] 种培芳,陈年来.光照强度对园艺植物光合作用影响的研究进展[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008,43(5):104-109.ZHONG P F,CHEN N L.Research progress of the influence of light intensity on photosynthesis of horticultural plants[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2008,43(5):104-109.(in Chinese)
[22] 刘宇,黄旭,偶春,等.夏季不同结构绿地空气PM2.5浓度与气候因子关系[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(5):241-245.LIU Y,HUANG X,OU C,et al.Relationships between PM2.5 concentrations in different greenbelts and climate factors in summer[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(5):241-245.(in Chinese)
[23] 吴志萍,王成,侯晓静,等.6种城市绿地空气PM2.5浓度变化规律的研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2008,35(4):494-498.WU Z P,WANG C,HOU X J,et al.Variation of air PM2.5 concentration in six urban greenlands[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2008,35(4):494-498.(in Chinese)
[24] 项佳娥,徐丽华,张方方,等.杭州城区PM2.5和PM10污染特征及其影响因子分析[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(6):36-42.XIANG J E,XU L H,ZHANG F F,et al.Study on the pollution characters and impact factors of PM2.5 and PM10 in urban Hangzhou[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2016,32(6):36-42.(in Chinese)
[25] 杨波,帕梅拉·布莱克默,克里斯·宾德.住宅景观绩效评价:基于现场数据的视觉与生物气候学分析[J].风景园林,2015(1):87-98.YANG B,PAMELA B,CHRIS B.Assessing residential landscape performance:visual and bioclimatic analyses through in-situ data[J].Landscape Architecture,2015(1):87-98.(in Chinese)