河北省北部山区育肥猪舍不同围护结构的夏季隔热效果研究
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摘要
为了探讨河北北部山区猪舍不同围护结构的夏季隔热效果,通过检测3个时间段(早上6:00—9:00,中午12:00—15:00,晚上17:00—20:00)不同墙体结构育肥猪舍的墙体内表面温度以及舍内外温湿度的连续变化,以期寻找隔热效果好的围护材料。其中舍Ⅰ为单层彩钢板屋顶+24 mm清水砖墙+3 cm泡沫保温板,舍Ⅱ为单层彩钢板屋顶+24 mm清水砖墙。结果显示:舍Ⅰ和舍Ⅱ的温湿度连续变化曲线基本一致,温度均表现为中午高、早晚低的变化规律,舍内最高温度均超过育肥猪对高温的限制要求;而相对湿度表现为中午低、早晚高的规律。早上舍Ⅰ和舍Ⅱ温度分别比舍外高4. 74和5. 52℃,差异均达极显著水平(P<0. 01);中午和晚上2种猪舍的温湿度之间以及各舍的内外温度之间均未表现出显著性差异(P>0. 05)。另外,2种猪舍的墙体内表面温度在不同时间段的变化规律基本一致,12:00—18:00温度最高,6:00—7:00温度最低,舍Ⅰ四面墙体的内表面最高温度明显低于舍Ⅱ,但均未超过围护结构夏季隔热计算温度最高值36. 3℃,符合猪舍墙体的夏季隔热设计要求。结果表明:"保温板+砖墙"结构的夏季隔热性能好于没有保温板的砖墙,本试验结果可为河北北部地区猪舍的标准化建设和改造提供数据支撑。
The present study was to investigate the heat insulation of different styles of enclosure structures in pig houses in north Hebei Province in summer. The internal surface temperature( Ta) of walls of different structures in three time periods( 6: 00-8: 00 in the morning,12: 00-15: 00 at noon,and 17: 00-20: 00 in the evening) as well as indoor and outdoor Ta and relative humidity( RH) over 24 h were measured so as to determine appropriate construction materials for pig house building. House 1 was roofed with a single layer of colored steel sheet and walled with 24 mm thick bricks and 3 cm EPS board; and House 2 was roofed with a single layer of colored steel sheet and walled with 24 mm thick bricks only,The results showed that the curves of Ta and RH in House 1 were consistent with those in House 2. The indoor Ta in both houses was high at noon and low in the morning and evening,while the indoor RH was low at noon and high in the morning and evening. Moreover,the highest temperature exceeded the requirement for fattening pigs,and the morning Ta in House 1 and House 2 was4. 74 and 5. 52 ℃ higher thant the outdoor Ta( P< 0. 01),respectively. However,the indoor Ta between the two houses at noon or in the evening showed no difference( P>0. 05),and no significant difference between the indoor and outdoor Ta in the individual house,either.Besides,the internal surface Ta of walls in both houses was consistent in different time periods,being high from 12: 00 to 18: 00 and low from 6: 00 to 7: 00. Also,the highest Ta' s on the internal surface of the four walls were obviously lower in House 1 than those in House2; but,the surface temperature in both houses met the requirement for heat insolation of enclosure structure in summer,which did not exceed the highest value of 36. 3 ℃. In conclusion,the thermal-insulating performance of enclosure structure composed of brick and thermal-insulating board was better than that of brick alone in summer. This result would provide helpful information for standard construction and reformation of pig houses in north Hebei Province.
The present study was to investigate the heat insulation of different styles of enclosure structures in pig houses in north Hebei Province in summer. The internal surface temperature( Ta) of walls of different structures in three time periods( 6: 00-8: 00 in the morning,12: 00-15: 00 at noon,and 17: 00-20: 00 in the evening) as well as indoor and outdoor Ta and relative humidity( RH) over 24 h were measured so as to determine appropriate construction materials for pig house building. House 1 was roofed with a single layer of colored steel sheet and walled with 24 mm thick bricks and 3 cm EPS board; and House 2 was roofed with a single layer of colored steel sheet and walled with 24 mm thick bricks only,The results showed that the curves of Ta and RH in House 1 were consistent with those in House 2. The indoor Ta in both houses was high at noon and low in the morning and evening,while the indoor RH was low at noon and high in the morning and evening. Moreover,the highest temperature exceeded the requirement for fattening pigs,and the morning Ta in House 1 and House 2 was4. 74 and 5. 52 ℃ higher thant the outdoor Ta( P< 0. 01),respectively. However,the indoor Ta between the two houses at noon or in the evening showed no difference( P>0. 05),and no significant difference between the indoor and outdoor Ta in the individual house,either.Besides,the internal surface Ta of walls in both houses was consistent in different time periods,being high from 12: 00 to 18: 00 and low from 6: 00 to 7: 00. Also,the highest Ta' s on the internal surface of the four walls were obviously lower in House 1 than those in House2; but,the surface temperature in both houses met the requirement for heat insolation of enclosure structure in summer,which did not exceed the highest value of 36. 3 ℃. In conclusion,the thermal-insulating performance of enclosure structure composed of brick and thermal-insulating board was better than that of brick alone in summer. This result would provide helpful information for standard construction and reformation of pig houses in north Hebei Province.
引文
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[10]赵婉莹,吴中红,刘继军,等.不同建筑材料猪舍围护结构的夏季隔热性能研究[J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(1):44-51.
[11]张广海,赵程昱.猪舍围护结构保温与隔热的设计要求[J].养殖技术顾问,2010(11):33.
[12]刘继军,贾永全.畜牧场规划设计[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010:85.
[13]佟国红,王铁良,白义奎,等.日光温室墙体传热特性的研究[J].农业工程学报,2003(3):186-189.
[14] Türkan G O,Necdet O. The effects of insulation location and thermo-physical properties of various external wall materials on decrement factor and time lag[J]. Sci Res Essays,2010,5(23):3646-3659.
[15]王寿禹.温度对猪只的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2017,33(2):84-85.
[16]高航,姜丽丽,王军军,等.热应激对猪生长性能、行为、生理的影响及调控措施[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(11):11-15,47.
[2]刘圈炜,卢庆萍,张宏福,等.持续高温对生长猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(6):982-986.
[3]熊云霞,马现永,郑春田,等.热应激对猪肠道健康、免疫系统和肉品质的影响及作用机制[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):374-381.
[4]田宗祥,张玲清.高温对猪采食量的影响机制及应用的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(3):228-230.
[5]吴结革,茆达干.热应激对动物生殖机能的影响及其作用机理[J].家畜生态学报,2006,27(6):169-172.
[6]柳孝图.建筑物理[M].北京:中国建筑出版社,2000:86.
[7]王美芝,田见晖,刘继军,等.北京市繁殖猪舍高温环境控制状况[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(10):222-227.
[8]李如治.家畜环境卫生学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:27,54.
[9]毛震,吴中红,刘继军,等.猪舍不同围护结构夏季隔热效果研究[J].家畜生态学报,2014,35(11):53-61.
[10]赵婉莹,吴中红,刘继军,等.不同建筑材料猪舍围护结构的夏季隔热性能研究[J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(1):44-51.
[11]张广海,赵程昱.猪舍围护结构保温与隔热的设计要求[J].养殖技术顾问,2010(11):33.
[12]刘继军,贾永全.畜牧场规划设计[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010:85.
[13]佟国红,王铁良,白义奎,等.日光温室墙体传热特性的研究[J].农业工程学报,2003(3):186-189.
[14] Türkan G O,Necdet O. The effects of insulation location and thermo-physical properties of various external wall materials on decrement factor and time lag[J]. Sci Res Essays,2010,5(23):3646-3659.
[15]王寿禹.温度对猪只的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2017,33(2):84-85.
[16]高航,姜丽丽,王军军,等.热应激对猪生长性能、行为、生理的影响及调控措施[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(11):11-15,47.