油茶产业转型升级的瓶颈及对策研究
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摘要
油茶是中国特有的木本油料树种,在国家大力发展木本油料产业,确保粮油安全的战略部署下,经过10多年的快速发展,油茶产业现已进入关键转型期。针对中国油茶产业转型期油茶精深加工和综合开发利用低,产业经营投资大,回收周期长,茶油价格昂贵,产业转型升级过程中的科研、服务、技术储备不足等问题;提出如何持续选育和应用高产优质良种强化科技创新支撑,建立健全标准化技术体系助推提质增效,激发林农、企业等经营主体的内生动力解决源头性问题,利用"互联网+"等模式促进信息交流和提升社会服务平台等产业转型升级发展思路及对策。
⑴Background——Camellia is China's unique woody oil species,the seeds being rich in oil with unsaturated fatty acid content of 90%or more.According to the National Development Plan of Camellia Industry(2009—2020),by 2020,China's camellia forest base area will reach 4.6887 million hectares,and Chinese tea industry has entered a key transition period currently.⑵Methods——On the basis of the previous research and production practice,this paper analyzes the main problems and constraints in the process of transformation and upgrading of camellia industry.And the corresponding countermeasures and development ideas has been put forward for the existing problems and the restrictive factors.⑶Results——The survey finds that some problems and key constraints are still existing in the transformation and upgrading stage of China's camellia industry,mainly in:(1)The current tea oil forests have a low yield of production,and raw materials are seriously inadequate.Most companies can only operate 3-4 months a year,which makes the contradiction between supply and demand greatly prominent.(2)Tea oil prices are generally high,so the purchase group is limited,making the current market not yet opened.(3)The intensive processing and comprehensive utilization of camellia are low,with a large industrial investment a long recycling cycle.(4)Camellia's industrial chain is out of line,with a shortage of industrial organization radiation power.(5)The current financial support is seriously inadequate,with a poor docking and general operation difficulty.(6)Scientific research,services,technology such reserves in industrial transformation and upgrading are deficient.Aiming at the existence of these problems and difficulties,breeding and application of high quality varieties have been put forward to continue in the future,and to strengthen science and technology support;A sound standardized system should be established to ensure an improving quality and efficiency of industry;The participation of groups should be stimulated for endogenous motivation with multiple channels in order to solve the original problems;The support efforts should be strengthened.Actively communicating and coordinating relevant units and departments are also needed.A strong multi-sector linkage support mechanism should be established in order to improve the industrial development environment and conditions;Technological innovation efforts should be strengthened to reduce production costs and enhance brand quality;The"Internet+"and other models should be used to strengthen the exchange of information and enhance the social service platform.In particular,we should combine the national economic development strategies,like"One Belt,One Road"and the construction of Free Trade Zones to actively conduct"going out".China's tea products should go out of the country and go to the world to play an active role in the commodity exchange trade of"One Belt,One Road"policy.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——Camellia industrial chain interlocks and mutually restraints.An effective incentive mechanism should be established in key links all over the industrial transformation and upgrading stage,combining with the current poverty struggle,integrating the use of agriculture-related funds to support the development of Camellia,in particular,supporting those grow enterprises,cooperatives,large groups who have put a large number of funds.All kinds of leading enterprises and business entities should be actively encouraged and supported.Through the modernization construction of Camellia Technology Industrial Park,the role of core radiation should be given full play,so that farmers can truly get involved in the industrial chain to get benefit,which can boost industry poverty alleviation and consolidate the effectiveness of poverty alleviation.
⑴Background——Camellia is China's unique woody oil species,the seeds being rich in oil with unsaturated fatty acid content of 90%or more.According to the National Development Plan of Camellia Industry(2009—2020),by 2020,China's camellia forest base area will reach 4.6887 million hectares,and Chinese tea industry has entered a key transition period currently.⑵Methods——On the basis of the previous research and production practice,this paper analyzes the main problems and constraints in the process of transformation and upgrading of camellia industry.And the corresponding countermeasures and development ideas has been put forward for the existing problems and the restrictive factors.⑶Results——The survey finds that some problems and key constraints are still existing in the transformation and upgrading stage of China's camellia industry,mainly in:(1)The current tea oil forests have a low yield of production,and raw materials are seriously inadequate.Most companies can only operate 3-4 months a year,which makes the contradiction between supply and demand greatly prominent.(2)Tea oil prices are generally high,so the purchase group is limited,making the current market not yet opened.(3)The intensive processing and comprehensive utilization of camellia are low,with a large industrial investment a long recycling cycle.(4)Camellia's industrial chain is out of line,with a shortage of industrial organization radiation power.(5)The current financial support is seriously inadequate,with a poor docking and general operation difficulty.(6)Scientific research,services,technology such reserves in industrial transformation and upgrading are deficient.Aiming at the existence of these problems and difficulties,breeding and application of high quality varieties have been put forward to continue in the future,and to strengthen science and technology support;A sound standardized system should be established to ensure an improving quality and efficiency of industry;The participation of groups should be stimulated for endogenous motivation with multiple channels in order to solve the original problems;The support efforts should be strengthened.Actively communicating and coordinating relevant units and departments are also needed.A strong multi-sector linkage support mechanism should be established in order to improve the industrial development environment and conditions;Technological innovation efforts should be strengthened to reduce production costs and enhance brand quality;The"Internet+"and other models should be used to strengthen the exchange of information and enhance the social service platform.In particular,we should combine the national economic development strategies,like"One Belt,One Road"and the construction of Free Trade Zones to actively conduct"going out".China's tea products should go out of the country and go to the world to play an active role in the commodity exchange trade of"One Belt,One Road"policy.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——Camellia industrial chain interlocks and mutually restraints.An effective incentive mechanism should be established in key links all over the industrial transformation and upgrading stage,combining with the current poverty struggle,integrating the use of agriculture-related funds to support the development of Camellia,in particular,supporting those grow enterprises,cooperatives,large groups who have put a large number of funds.All kinds of leading enterprises and business entities should be actively encouraged and supported.Through the modernization construction of Camellia Technology Industrial Park,the role of core radiation should be given full play,so that farmers can truly get involved in the industrial chain to get benefit,which can boost industry poverty alleviation and consolidate the effectiveness of poverty alleviation.
引文
[1]庄瑞林.中国油茶[M].2版.北京:中国林业出版社,2008:1-4.
[2]邓三龙.把油茶产业打造成为扶贫攻坚的利器[J].林业与生态,2016(11):4-6.
[3]曹永庆,UTHAI N,姚小华,等.泰国油茶引种试验初报[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(13):10-13.
[4]庄瑞林.我国油茶良种选育工作的历史回顾与展望[J].林业科技开发,2010,24(6):1-5.
[5]陈永忠,杨小胡,彭邵锋,等.我国油茶良种选育研究现状及发展策略[J]林业科技开发,2005(4):1-4.
[6]陈永忠,王德斌,王波.油茶综合利用浅析[J].湖南林业科技,1997(4):15-19.
[7]周薇,吴雪辉.油茶综合利用开发前景[J].中国农村科技,2006(10):21-23.
[8]沈建福,姜天甲.山茶油的营养价值与保健功能[J].粮食与食品工业,2006(6):6-8.
[9]高伟,幸伟年,龚春,等.茶油的营养价值和开发前景[J].江西林业科技,2013(4):52-55.
[10]李梦丹,杨伊磊,陈力力,等.油茶籽粕的综合利用[J].粮食与油脂,2016,29(1):11-14.
[11]李远发,胡灵,王凌晖.油茶资源研究利用现状及其展望[J].广西农业科学,2009,40(4):450-455.
[12]徐林初,龚春,高璜.江西省油茶产业化发展的机遇与对策[J].林业科技开发,2005(3):9-12.
[13]陈永忠,罗健,王瑞,等.中国油茶产业发展的现状与前景[J].粮食科技与经济,2013,38(1):10-12.
[14]盛炜彤.发展油茶产业的战略思考[J].贵州林业科技,2011,39(1):1-5.
[15]邓三龙.湖南油茶产业发展的战略思考[J].湖南林业,2008(8):1+4.
[16]阙龙善,张国武,杜天真.中国油茶技术研究与产业发展战略探讨[J].江西科学,2007(4):505-510.
[17]姚小华,王开良,罗细芳,等.我国油茶产业化现状及发展思路[J].林业科技开发,2005(1):3-6.
[18]奚如春,邓小梅.我国油茶产业化发展中的现状、要素及其优化[J].经济林研究,2005(1):83-87.
[19]国家林业局国有林场和林木种苗工作总站.中国油茶品种志[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2016:6-42.
[20]国家林业局.全国油茶产业发展规划(2009—2020年)[EB/OL].北京:国家林业局,(2009-11-05)[2017-06-25].http://www.ndrc.gov.cn.
[21]马力,陈永忠.茶油的功能特性分析[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(8):82-84.
[22]刘翔浩,甘招萍,刘荣.将茶油打造成国家战略资源[J].科技创新与品牌,2012(4):87.
[23]中国农业银行江西省分行课题组.“油茶贷”铺就精准扶贫路[J].农银学刊,2017(2):14-15.
[24]王斌,王开良,童杰洁,等.我国油茶产业现状及发展对策[J].林业科技开发,2011,25(2):10-15.
[25]陈永忠,王德斌,刘欲晓.湖南油茶产业发展机遇与对策[J].湖南林业科技,2002(4):50-52.
[26]黄永芳,陈红跃,雷治国,等.广东省油茶生产状况与发展对策[J].经济林研究,2004(3):77-79.
[27]胡芳名,李建安,吕芳德,等.湖南省油茶产业化现状及发展战略[J].经济林研究,2009,27(4):121-125.
[28]姚小华,王开良,任华东,等.GB/T28991-2012油茶良种选育技术[S]//北京:中国标准出版社,2012:1-2.
[2]邓三龙.把油茶产业打造成为扶贫攻坚的利器[J].林业与生态,2016(11):4-6.
[3]曹永庆,UTHAI N,姚小华,等.泰国油茶引种试验初报[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(13):10-13.
[4]庄瑞林.我国油茶良种选育工作的历史回顾与展望[J].林业科技开发,2010,24(6):1-5.
[5]陈永忠,杨小胡,彭邵锋,等.我国油茶良种选育研究现状及发展策略[J]林业科技开发,2005(4):1-4.
[6]陈永忠,王德斌,王波.油茶综合利用浅析[J].湖南林业科技,1997(4):15-19.
[7]周薇,吴雪辉.油茶综合利用开发前景[J].中国农村科技,2006(10):21-23.
[8]沈建福,姜天甲.山茶油的营养价值与保健功能[J].粮食与食品工业,2006(6):6-8.
[9]高伟,幸伟年,龚春,等.茶油的营养价值和开发前景[J].江西林业科技,2013(4):52-55.
[10]李梦丹,杨伊磊,陈力力,等.油茶籽粕的综合利用[J].粮食与油脂,2016,29(1):11-14.
[11]李远发,胡灵,王凌晖.油茶资源研究利用现状及其展望[J].广西农业科学,2009,40(4):450-455.
[12]徐林初,龚春,高璜.江西省油茶产业化发展的机遇与对策[J].林业科技开发,2005(3):9-12.
[13]陈永忠,罗健,王瑞,等.中国油茶产业发展的现状与前景[J].粮食科技与经济,2013,38(1):10-12.
[14]盛炜彤.发展油茶产业的战略思考[J].贵州林业科技,2011,39(1):1-5.
[15]邓三龙.湖南油茶产业发展的战略思考[J].湖南林业,2008(8):1+4.
[16]阙龙善,张国武,杜天真.中国油茶技术研究与产业发展战略探讨[J].江西科学,2007(4):505-510.
[17]姚小华,王开良,罗细芳,等.我国油茶产业化现状及发展思路[J].林业科技开发,2005(1):3-6.
[18]奚如春,邓小梅.我国油茶产业化发展中的现状、要素及其优化[J].经济林研究,2005(1):83-87.
[19]国家林业局国有林场和林木种苗工作总站.中国油茶品种志[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2016:6-42.
[20]国家林业局.全国油茶产业发展规划(2009—2020年)[EB/OL].北京:国家林业局,(2009-11-05)[2017-06-25].http://www.ndrc.gov.cn.
[21]马力,陈永忠.茶油的功能特性分析[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(8):82-84.
[22]刘翔浩,甘招萍,刘荣.将茶油打造成国家战略资源[J].科技创新与品牌,2012(4):87.
[23]中国农业银行江西省分行课题组.“油茶贷”铺就精准扶贫路[J].农银学刊,2017(2):14-15.
[24]王斌,王开良,童杰洁,等.我国油茶产业现状及发展对策[J].林业科技开发,2011,25(2):10-15.
[25]陈永忠,王德斌,刘欲晓.湖南油茶产业发展机遇与对策[J].湖南林业科技,2002(4):50-52.
[26]黄永芳,陈红跃,雷治国,等.广东省油茶生产状况与发展对策[J].经济林研究,2004(3):77-79.
[27]胡芳名,李建安,吕芳德,等.湖南省油茶产业化现状及发展战略[J].经济林研究,2009,27(4):121-125.
[28]姚小华,王开良,任华东,等.GB/T28991-2012油茶良种选育技术[S]//北京:中国标准出版社,2012:1-2.