干旱胁迫对5种花境植物形态的影响
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摘要
为研究干旱胁迫对花境植物的形态影响,选择黄金菊Euryops pectinatus ‘Viridis’、常绿萱草Hemerocallis aurantiaca Baker、兰花三七Liriope cymbidiomorpha (ined)、紫娇花Tulbaghia violacea和小盼草Chasmanthium latifolium 5种江西花境植物作为试验材料进行抗旱性试验,以期为现代城市绿化、公园、庭院和公路旁绿化美化增添抗逆性新材料,并解决扩繁问题,加强育种工作。采用盆栽防雨棚控水方法,设置干旱时间为5 d、10 d、15 d、20 d、25 d和CK共6个处理,重复3次,测定其叶面积、叶绿素、土壤含水率等相关农艺性状指标,并进行方差分析。试验结果表明:1)5种花境植物随着干旱胁迫的增强,总叶数、绿叶数、叶面积和土壤含水率均显著下降;2)地上部分茎干质量、地下部分根干质量均呈现下降趋势,茎干质量降幅显著高于根干质量;3)根系的主根长度受抑制,侧根数量表现为先增后减;4)受干旱影响不同花境植物叶绿素含量变化存在差异,兰花三七、常绿萱草叶绿素含量表现为先增后减,而黄金菊、紫娇花、小盼草叶绿素含量则呈降低趋势;5)5种花境植物抗旱能力由大到小依次为:兰花三七、紫娇花、常绿萱草、小盼草、黄金菊。
In order to study the effects of drought stress on the morphology of five ?ower border plants such as Euryops pectinatus‘Viridis', Hemerocallis aurantiaca Baker, Liriope cymbidiomorpha(ined), Tulbaghia violacea, Chasmanthium latifolium, the drought resistance tests were carried out. The aim is to add new stress-resistant materials for modern urban greening, parks, courtyards and roadside greening and beautification, to solve the problem of propagation and to strengthen breeding work. The potted rainproof shed was used to control water. Six treatments were set up, including 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 days and CK, and the tests were repeated three times.The leaf area, chlorophyll content, soil moisture content and other related agronomic characters were measured and analyzed with variance analysis. The results show that: 1) With the prolong of drought time, the number of leaves, green leaves, leaf area and soil water content of five ?ower border plants were decreased dramatically; 2) The dry weight of shoot and underground part of root showed a downward trend, and the decrease of stem dry weight was significantly higher than that of root dry weight; 3) The taproot growth was inhibited, and the numbers of lateral roots increased first and then decreased. 4) The chlorophyll contents of different ?ower border plants were different each other under drought stress, The chlorophyll contents of L. cymbidiomorpha and H. aurantiaca increased first and then decreased, while the chlorophyll contents of E. pectinatus ‘Viridis', T. violacea and C. latifolium showed declining trends. 5)On the whole, the drought resistance ability of the five ?owering plants sequenced from large to small as follows: L. cymbidiomorpha, T.violacea, H. aurantiaca, C. latifolium, E. pectinatus.
In order to study the effects of drought stress on the morphology of five ?ower border plants such as Euryops pectinatus‘Viridis', Hemerocallis aurantiaca Baker, Liriope cymbidiomorpha(ined), Tulbaghia violacea, Chasmanthium latifolium, the drought resistance tests were carried out. The aim is to add new stress-resistant materials for modern urban greening, parks, courtyards and roadside greening and beautification, to solve the problem of propagation and to strengthen breeding work. The potted rainproof shed was used to control water. Six treatments were set up, including 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 days and CK, and the tests were repeated three times.The leaf area, chlorophyll content, soil moisture content and other related agronomic characters were measured and analyzed with variance analysis. The results show that: 1) With the prolong of drought time, the number of leaves, green leaves, leaf area and soil water content of five ?ower border plants were decreased dramatically; 2) The dry weight of shoot and underground part of root showed a downward trend, and the decrease of stem dry weight was significantly higher than that of root dry weight; 3) The taproot growth was inhibited, and the numbers of lateral roots increased first and then decreased. 4) The chlorophyll contents of different ?ower border plants were different each other under drought stress, The chlorophyll contents of L. cymbidiomorpha and H. aurantiaca increased first and then decreased, while the chlorophyll contents of E. pectinatus ‘Viridis', T. violacea and C. latifolium showed declining trends. 5)On the whole, the drought resistance ability of the five ?owering plants sequenced from large to small as follows: L. cymbidiomorpha, T.violacea, H. aurantiaca, C. latifolium, E. pectinatus.
引文
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[2]徐冬梅,周立勋.花境在我国应用中存在的若干问题探析[J].北方园艺, 2003(4):51-56.
[3]陈志萍.花境植物材料的选择与应用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[4]马丹丹.野生花境植物的引种繁育与园林应用研究[D].临安:浙江林学院, 2007.
[5]谢志慧.花境植物的选择与应用研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学, 2010.
[6]矫国荣,张国梁,吴秀峰,等.八宝景天等四种景天属植物的引种驯化与繁育[J].园林科技, 2016(3):5-10.
[7]刘雪,彭冶,范俊俊,等.淹水胁迫对湖北海棠生长和生理特性的影响[J].经济林研究, 2018, 36(1):35-42.
[8]蔡海霞,吴福忠,杨万勤.干旱胁迫对高山柳和沙棘幼苗光合生理特征的影响[J].生态学报, 2011, 31(9):2430-2436.
[9]王青宁,衣学慧,王晗生,等.干旱胁迫对四翅滨藜幼苗根系生长的影响[J].陕西农业科学, 2016, 62(10):27-30.
[10]张路,张启翔,高亦珂,等.转基因地被菊晚粉抗旱生理特性研究[J].华北农学报, 2011, 26(5):181-185.
[11]任磊,赵夏陆,许靖,等. 4种茶菊对干旱胁迫的形态和生理响应[J].生态学报, 2015, 35(15):5131-5138.
[12]程宇飞,刘卫东. 4个品种新西兰麻的抗旱生理研究及评价[J].经济林研究, 2017, 35(4):164-170.
[13]董斌,洪文泓,黄永芳,等.广西4个油茶品种苗期对干旱胁迫的生理响应[J].中南林业科技大学学报, 2018, 38(2):1-8.