水热因子对塔里木河下游胡杨年轮指数和植被指数的影响
|
摘要
【目的】探索塔里木河流域树木年轮与植被遥感间的关系。【方法】借助树木年轮学的方法和技术手段,利用塔里木河下游10个采样点的胡杨样芯数据和长时间序列中国植被指数(GIMMS NDVI)数据及水热因子数据,在分析该区胡杨年轮指数和植被指数变化特征基础上,重点探讨水热因子、胡杨年轮指数及归一化植被指数(NDVI)三者间的相关性。【结果】胡杨年轮指数和年际NDVI变化在1980—2001年间均呈下降趋势,区内植被在该时间段内退化较为严重。年内NDVI变化呈单峰状,5—8月为植被生长季,1—4月和9—12月为植被非生长季。【结论】该区胡杨年轮生长受5月(P<0.01,显著负相关)地下水埋深和6月(P<0.01,显著负相关)温度影响显著,而NDVI主要与5—7月(P<0.01,显著负相关)和10月(P<0.01,显著负相关)的地下水埋深及7月(P<0.01,显著负相关)温度有关,且影响NDVI和胡杨年轮指数的主要因子是水热因子中的地下水埋深因子。胡杨年轮指数与NDVI间的相关性差,未能通过0.05水平检验。
【Objective】This study evaluated the relationships between tree growth and vegetation remote sensing data.【Method】Based on the methods and theories of dendrochronology,we used tree-ring index of Populus euphratica,vegetation index(GIMMS NDVI),groundwater depth and meteorological data to analyze characteristics of tree-ring growth of P. euphratica and GIMMS NDVI in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The correlations between hydrothermal factors,tree-ring index of P. euphratica,and GIMMS NDVI were also analyzed.【Results】The tree-ring index of P. euphratica and GIMMS NDVI had declined due to vegetative degradation during 1980 and 2001 in the study region. The interannual change of GIMMS NDVI appeared a peak value. During vegetation growing season in the lower reaches of Tarim River,the vegetation growth was the most abundant between May and August while it was declined between January and April,and between September and December.【Conclution】The tree-ring index of P. euphratica was significantly negatively correlated with groundwater depth in May and temperature in June(P < 0. 01). However,GIMMS NDVI was significantly negatively correlated with groundwater depth between May and July,and in October. There was a significant negative correlation between GIMMS NDVI and temperature in July. The correlation between the tree-ring index of P. euphratica and GIMMS NDVI was not significant(P<0.05). Thus,groundwater depth was a key factor for P. euphratica growth and GIMMS NDVI change in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.
【Objective】This study evaluated the relationships between tree growth and vegetation remote sensing data.【Method】Based on the methods and theories of dendrochronology,we used tree-ring index of Populus euphratica,vegetation index(GIMMS NDVI),groundwater depth and meteorological data to analyze characteristics of tree-ring growth of P. euphratica and GIMMS NDVI in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The correlations between hydrothermal factors,tree-ring index of P. euphratica,and GIMMS NDVI were also analyzed.【Results】The tree-ring index of P. euphratica and GIMMS NDVI had declined due to vegetative degradation during 1980 and 2001 in the study region. The interannual change of GIMMS NDVI appeared a peak value. During vegetation growing season in the lower reaches of Tarim River,the vegetation growth was the most abundant between May and August while it was declined between January and April,and between September and December.【Conclution】The tree-ring index of P. euphratica was significantly negatively correlated with groundwater depth in May and temperature in June(P < 0. 01). However,GIMMS NDVI was significantly negatively correlated with groundwater depth between May and July,and in October. There was a significant negative correlation between GIMMS NDVI and temperature in July. The correlation between the tree-ring index of P. euphratica and GIMMS NDVI was not significant(P<0.05). Thus,groundwater depth was a key factor for P. euphratica growth and GIMMS NDVI change in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.
引文
[1]FRITTS H C.Tree rings and climates[M].London:Academic Press,1976.
[2]MANN M E,BRADLEY R S,HUGHES M K.Northern hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium:inferences,uncertainties,and limitations[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1999,26(6):759-762.DOI:10.1029/1999gl900070.
[3]靳翔,徐庆,刘世荣,等.川西亚高山森林岷江冷杉树轮碳稳定同位素对气候要素的响应[J].林业科学,2013,49(7):10-15.DOI:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20130702.JIN X,XU Q,LIU S R,et al.Relationships of stable carbon isotope of Abies faxoniana tree-rings to climate in the sub-alpine forest in western sichuan[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2013,49(7):10-15.
[4]杨艳蓉,张增信,张金池,等.长江中下游地区植被覆盖与区域气候变化的关系研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(6):89-95.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2013.06.018.YANG Y R,ZHANG Z X,ZHANG J C,et al.A study on the relationship between vegetation coverage and regional climate change in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2013,37(6):89-95.
[5]闫少锋,陆茜,张金池,等.江苏沿海地区NDVI的演变特征及其对区域气候变化的响应[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(1):43-47.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2012.01.009.YAN S F,LV X,ZHANG J C,et al.The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and response of regional climate change of NDVI at Jiangsu coastal areas[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2012,36(1):43-47.
[6]D'ARRIGO R D,MALMSTROM C M,JACOBY G C,et al.Correlation between maximum latewood density of annual tree rings and NDVI based estimates of forest productivity[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2000,21(11):2329-2336.DOI:10.1080/01431160050029611.
[7]LIANG E Y,SHAO X M,LIANG E Y,et al.A dendroclimatic study of relic picea meyeri in inner monggolian steppe[J].Acta Botanica,2001,43(3):288-294.
[8]WANG J,RICH P M,PRICE K,et al.Relations between NDVI and treeproductivity in the central great plains[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,25(16):3127-3138.DOI:10.1080/0143116032000160499.
[9]MALMSTRM C M,THOMPSON M V,JUDAY G P,et al.Interannual variation in global-scale net primary production:testing model estimates[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1997,11(3):367-392.DOI:10.1029/97gb01419.
[10]KAUFMANN R K,D'ARRIGO R D,LASKOWSKI C,et al.The effect of growing season and summer greenness on northern forests[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(9):L09205.DOI:10.1029/2004GL019608.
[11]何吉成,邵雪梅.德令哈地区树轮宽度指数与草地植被指数的关系[J].科学通报,2006,51(9):1083-1090.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.2006.09.014.HE J C,SHAO X M.Relationship between tree wheel width index and grassland vegetation index in Delhi area[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(9):1083-1090.
[12]LEAVITT S W,CHASE T N,RAJAGOPALAN B,et al.Southwestern us tree-ring carbon isotope indices as a possible proxy for reconstruction of greenness of vegetation[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35(12):150-152.DOI:10.1029/2008GL033894.
[13]BERNER L T,BECK P S A,BUNN A G,et al.High-latitude tree growth and satellite vegetation indices:correlations and trends in Russia and Canada(1982-2008)[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2011,116(1):G01015.DOI:10.1029/2010jg001475.
[14]王文志,刘晓宏,陈拓,等.基于祁连山树轮宽度指数的区域NDVI重建[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(9):1033-1044.DOI:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.09.004.WANG W Z,LIU X H,CHEN T,et al.Reconstruction of regional NDVI using tree-ring width chronologies in the Qilian Mountains,northwestern China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2010,34(9):1033-1044.
[15]王瑞丽,程瑞梅,肖文发,等.北亚热带马尾松年轮宽度与NDVI的关系[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5762-5770.WANG R L,CHENG R M,XIAO W F,et al.Relationship between masson pine tree-ring width and NDVI in north subtropical region[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(19):5762-5770.
[16]汪青春,时兴合,刘义花,等.青海湖布哈河流域树轮宽度指数与NDVI植被指数的关系[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(6):1424-1432.WANG Q C,SHI X H,LIU Y H,et al.Relationship between tree wheel width index and NDVI vegetation index in Buha River,Qinghai[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(6):1424-1432.
[17]路俊伟,王乃昂,侯迎,等.石羊河上游地区树轮年表与NDVI关系分析[J].干旱区研究,2012,29(4):667-673.DOI:10.13866/j.azr.2012.04.017.LU J W,WANG N A,HOU Y,et al.Analysis on the correlation between NDVI and tree-ring width chronologies in the upper reaches of the Shiyang River[J].Arid Zone Research,2012,29(4):667-673.
[18]于健,刘琪璟,徐倩倩,等.长白山东坡植被指数变化及其对气候变化的响应[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(2):323-332.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1145.2014.08012.YU J,LIU Q J,XU Q Q,et al.Variation of vegetation index in response to climate change on the eastern slope of Changbai Mountain,northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2015,21(2):323-332.
[19]陈峰,袁玉江,张瑞波,等.基于树轮宽度的巴丹吉林沙漠南缘山地NDVI重建与分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(4):1-7.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0799.2015.04.001.CHEN F,YUAN Y J,ZHANG R B,et al.Reconstruction of regional NDVI using tree-ring width chronology in the southern edge of the Badain Jaran desert,northwestern China[J].Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2015,9(4):1-7.
[20]龚君君.塔里木河下游胡杨径向生长量对生态输水响应研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学,2011.GONG J J.Study on the response of the radial growth rate of populus euphratica downstream of tarim river to eco-water transport[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Normal University,2011.
[21]张芸,叶茂.塔里木河下游不同断面胡杨径向生长对地下水变化的敏感性研究[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(4):818-824.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2016.04.0818.ZHANG Y,YE M.Sensitivity analysis of Popolus euphratica radial growth to groundwater changes in the different transects of the lower reaches of Tarim River[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2016,36(4):818-824.
[22]徐海量,李吉玫,张占江,等.塔里木河下游退化荒漠河岸林地上植被与土壤种子库关系初探[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(4):657-664.XU H L,LI J M,ZHANG Z J,et al.Study on relation between soil seed bank and standing vegetation along different degradation levels of desert riverside forest in lower reaches of Tarim River[J].Journal of Desert Research,2008,28(4):657-664.
[23]杨红梅,徐海量,樊自立,等.塔里木河下游表层土壤盐分空间变异和格局分析[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(3):564-570.YANG H M,XU H L,FAN Z L,et al.Spatial variability and pattern of surface soil salinity in the lower reaches of the Tarim River[J].Journal of Desert Research,2010,30(3):564-570.
[24]牛婷,李霞,姚晓蕊,等.塔里木河下游输水前后NDVI差异分析[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(5):858-864.NIU T,LI X,YAO X R,et al.The analysis on the NDVI difference before and after water transfer to the lower reaches of Tarim River[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(5):858-864.
[25]刘华,陈亚宁,杨晓明.塔里木河下游生态响应遥感监测研究[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(2):203-208.LIU H,CHEN Y N,YANG X M.Monitor of ecological response along lower reaches of Tarim River based on remote sensing[J].Arid Land Geography,2007,30(2):203-208.
[26]万红梅,李霞,董道瑞,等.塔里木河下游植被覆盖变化遥感定量分析[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(4):668-677.WAN H M,LI X,DONG D R,et al.Remote sensing quantitative analysis on vegetation coverage change in lower reaches of the Tarim River[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(4):668-677.
[27]李江风,袁玉江,由希尧.树木年轮水文学研究与应用[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2000:177-182.
[2]MANN M E,BRADLEY R S,HUGHES M K.Northern hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium:inferences,uncertainties,and limitations[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1999,26(6):759-762.DOI:10.1029/1999gl900070.
[3]靳翔,徐庆,刘世荣,等.川西亚高山森林岷江冷杉树轮碳稳定同位素对气候要素的响应[J].林业科学,2013,49(7):10-15.DOI:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20130702.JIN X,XU Q,LIU S R,et al.Relationships of stable carbon isotope of Abies faxoniana tree-rings to climate in the sub-alpine forest in western sichuan[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2013,49(7):10-15.
[4]杨艳蓉,张增信,张金池,等.长江中下游地区植被覆盖与区域气候变化的关系研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(6):89-95.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2013.06.018.YANG Y R,ZHANG Z X,ZHANG J C,et al.A study on the relationship between vegetation coverage and regional climate change in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2013,37(6):89-95.
[5]闫少锋,陆茜,张金池,等.江苏沿海地区NDVI的演变特征及其对区域气候变化的响应[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(1):43-47.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2012.01.009.YAN S F,LV X,ZHANG J C,et al.The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and response of regional climate change of NDVI at Jiangsu coastal areas[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2012,36(1):43-47.
[6]D'ARRIGO R D,MALMSTROM C M,JACOBY G C,et al.Correlation between maximum latewood density of annual tree rings and NDVI based estimates of forest productivity[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2000,21(11):2329-2336.DOI:10.1080/01431160050029611.
[7]LIANG E Y,SHAO X M,LIANG E Y,et al.A dendroclimatic study of relic picea meyeri in inner monggolian steppe[J].Acta Botanica,2001,43(3):288-294.
[8]WANG J,RICH P M,PRICE K,et al.Relations between NDVI and treeproductivity in the central great plains[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,25(16):3127-3138.DOI:10.1080/0143116032000160499.
[9]MALMSTRM C M,THOMPSON M V,JUDAY G P,et al.Interannual variation in global-scale net primary production:testing model estimates[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1997,11(3):367-392.DOI:10.1029/97gb01419.
[10]KAUFMANN R K,D'ARRIGO R D,LASKOWSKI C,et al.The effect of growing season and summer greenness on northern forests[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(9):L09205.DOI:10.1029/2004GL019608.
[11]何吉成,邵雪梅.德令哈地区树轮宽度指数与草地植被指数的关系[J].科学通报,2006,51(9):1083-1090.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.2006.09.014.HE J C,SHAO X M.Relationship between tree wheel width index and grassland vegetation index in Delhi area[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(9):1083-1090.
[12]LEAVITT S W,CHASE T N,RAJAGOPALAN B,et al.Southwestern us tree-ring carbon isotope indices as a possible proxy for reconstruction of greenness of vegetation[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35(12):150-152.DOI:10.1029/2008GL033894.
[13]BERNER L T,BECK P S A,BUNN A G,et al.High-latitude tree growth and satellite vegetation indices:correlations and trends in Russia and Canada(1982-2008)[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2011,116(1):G01015.DOI:10.1029/2010jg001475.
[14]王文志,刘晓宏,陈拓,等.基于祁连山树轮宽度指数的区域NDVI重建[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(9):1033-1044.DOI:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.09.004.WANG W Z,LIU X H,CHEN T,et al.Reconstruction of regional NDVI using tree-ring width chronologies in the Qilian Mountains,northwestern China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2010,34(9):1033-1044.
[15]王瑞丽,程瑞梅,肖文发,等.北亚热带马尾松年轮宽度与NDVI的关系[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5762-5770.WANG R L,CHENG R M,XIAO W F,et al.Relationship between masson pine tree-ring width and NDVI in north subtropical region[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(19):5762-5770.
[16]汪青春,时兴合,刘义花,等.青海湖布哈河流域树轮宽度指数与NDVI植被指数的关系[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(6):1424-1432.WANG Q C,SHI X H,LIU Y H,et al.Relationship between tree wheel width index and NDVI vegetation index in Buha River,Qinghai[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(6):1424-1432.
[17]路俊伟,王乃昂,侯迎,等.石羊河上游地区树轮年表与NDVI关系分析[J].干旱区研究,2012,29(4):667-673.DOI:10.13866/j.azr.2012.04.017.LU J W,WANG N A,HOU Y,et al.Analysis on the correlation between NDVI and tree-ring width chronologies in the upper reaches of the Shiyang River[J].Arid Zone Research,2012,29(4):667-673.
[18]于健,刘琪璟,徐倩倩,等.长白山东坡植被指数变化及其对气候变化的响应[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(2):323-332.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1145.2014.08012.YU J,LIU Q J,XU Q Q,et al.Variation of vegetation index in response to climate change on the eastern slope of Changbai Mountain,northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2015,21(2):323-332.
[19]陈峰,袁玉江,张瑞波,等.基于树轮宽度的巴丹吉林沙漠南缘山地NDVI重建与分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(4):1-7.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0799.2015.04.001.CHEN F,YUAN Y J,ZHANG R B,et al.Reconstruction of regional NDVI using tree-ring width chronology in the southern edge of the Badain Jaran desert,northwestern China[J].Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2015,9(4):1-7.
[20]龚君君.塔里木河下游胡杨径向生长量对生态输水响应研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学,2011.GONG J J.Study on the response of the radial growth rate of populus euphratica downstream of tarim river to eco-water transport[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Normal University,2011.
[21]张芸,叶茂.塔里木河下游不同断面胡杨径向生长对地下水变化的敏感性研究[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(4):818-824.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2016.04.0818.ZHANG Y,YE M.Sensitivity analysis of Popolus euphratica radial growth to groundwater changes in the different transects of the lower reaches of Tarim River[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2016,36(4):818-824.
[22]徐海量,李吉玫,张占江,等.塔里木河下游退化荒漠河岸林地上植被与土壤种子库关系初探[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(4):657-664.XU H L,LI J M,ZHANG Z J,et al.Study on relation between soil seed bank and standing vegetation along different degradation levels of desert riverside forest in lower reaches of Tarim River[J].Journal of Desert Research,2008,28(4):657-664.
[23]杨红梅,徐海量,樊自立,等.塔里木河下游表层土壤盐分空间变异和格局分析[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(3):564-570.YANG H M,XU H L,FAN Z L,et al.Spatial variability and pattern of surface soil salinity in the lower reaches of the Tarim River[J].Journal of Desert Research,2010,30(3):564-570.
[24]牛婷,李霞,姚晓蕊,等.塔里木河下游输水前后NDVI差异分析[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(5):858-864.NIU T,LI X,YAO X R,et al.The analysis on the NDVI difference before and after water transfer to the lower reaches of Tarim River[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(5):858-864.
[25]刘华,陈亚宁,杨晓明.塔里木河下游生态响应遥感监测研究[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(2):203-208.LIU H,CHEN Y N,YANG X M.Monitor of ecological response along lower reaches of Tarim River based on remote sensing[J].Arid Land Geography,2007,30(2):203-208.
[26]万红梅,李霞,董道瑞,等.塔里木河下游植被覆盖变化遥感定量分析[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(4):668-677.WAN H M,LI X,DONG D R,et al.Remote sensing quantitative analysis on vegetation coverage change in lower reaches of the Tarim River[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(4):668-677.
[27]李江风,袁玉江,由希尧.树木年轮水文学研究与应用[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2000:177-182.