拉萨河流域西部裸岩空间分布特征的地形因子分析
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摘要
研究流域内地表覆盖类型特别是岩石裸露等难利用土地的分布特征对生态环境保护、指导生产建设具有重要意义。基于拉萨河流域地形和土地覆被资料,计算地形分布指数和岩石裸露指数以分析地形因子对自然土地覆被的影响,结果表明:地形因子(高程、坡度和坡向等)对土地覆被类型的分布具有显著的约束性,裸岩倾向于分布在高海拔、坡度大于30°的陡坡区域。选取高程和坡度作为特征变量,以"土地覆被类型是否为裸岩"作为类别性响应变量,建立预测裸岩分布的逻辑回归模型,当临界概率约为55%时结果最优,当临界概率在50%～60%之间时,拉萨河流域35个子流域的裸岩预测占比与遥感图像解译的实际占比最为符合,且P>50%的区域为基岩裸露敏感区。
Distribution characteristics of land cover types,especially the bare land and other difficult-to-use land covers,play a significant role in ecological environment protection and basin construction.Based on the topographic and land cover data of the Lhasa River Basin,the terrain distribution index and rock exposure index were selected to analyze the influence of topographic factors on the distribution of natural land covers.The elevation and slope were selected as the characteristic variables,and whether the land is covered by bare rock was chosen as the categorical response variable to establish a logistic regression model predicting the distribution of bare rock.The results showed that the topographic factors had significant constraints on the distribution of land cover types.Bare rock tended to be distributed in high altitude and steep areas,and the critical slope was about 30°.The predicted proportion of bare rock in the Lhasa River Basin is closest to the actual proportion interpreted from remote sensing image when the critical probability of logistic regression is close to 55%.The region with probability greater than 50% is the bare rock sensitive area which can be used to guide ecological protection and production construction.
Distribution characteristics of land cover types,especially the bare land and other difficult-to-use land covers,play a significant role in ecological environment protection and basin construction.Based on the topographic and land cover data of the Lhasa River Basin,the terrain distribution index and rock exposure index were selected to analyze the influence of topographic factors on the distribution of natural land covers.The elevation and slope were selected as the characteristic variables,and whether the land is covered by bare rock was chosen as the categorical response variable to establish a logistic regression model predicting the distribution of bare rock.The results showed that the topographic factors had significant constraints on the distribution of land cover types.Bare rock tended to be distributed in high altitude and steep areas,and the critical slope was about 30°.The predicted proportion of bare rock in the Lhasa River Basin is closest to the actual proportion interpreted from remote sensing image when the critical probability of logistic regression is close to 55%.The region with probability greater than 50% is the bare rock sensitive area which can be used to guide ecological protection and production construction.
引文
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[24] HOWARD A D.A detachment-limited model of drainage basin evolution[J].Water Resources Research,1994,30(7):2261-2285.
[25] 韦杰,曾萍.基于R的有序分类资料logistic回归分析[J].软件,2014,35(6):56-57.
[2] SCHOMBERG J D,HOST G,JOHNSON L B,et al.Evaluating the influence of landform,surficial geology,and land use on streams using hydrologic simulation modeling[J].Aquatic Sciences,2005,67(4):528-540.
[3] 钟德燕,常庆瑞,宋丰骥.黄土丘陵沟壑区土地利用空间分布与地形因子关系研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(6):102-107.
[4] 井向前,任德智,王瑞红,等.拉萨河上游高寒草甸植物群落的退化特征[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(4):7-11.
[5] 摆万奇,尚二萍,张镱锂.西藏自治区拉萨河流域湿地脆弱性评价与成因分析[J].湿地科学,2014,12(1):7-14.
[6] 摆万奇,姚丽娜,张镱锂,等.近35年西藏拉萨河流域耕地时空变化趋势[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(4):623-632.
[7] 董光荣,金炯,邵立业.西藏自治区一江两河流域土地沙漠化状况[J].中国沙漠,1991,11(1):59-61.
[8] MOTTET A,LADET S,COQUE N,et al.Agricultural land-use change and its drivers in mountain landscapes:A case study in the Pyrenees[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2006,114(2):296-310.
[9] 崔步礼,李小雁,姜广辉,等.基于DEM的山地丘陵区土地利用/覆被研究——以青海湖流域为例[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(5):871-880.
[10] 郝雅珺,常庆瑞,刘海飞.基于GIS的县域土地利用与地形因子关系研究——以陕西省黄陵县为例[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(6):134-137.
[11] 刘艳艳,吴大放,董玉祥,等.珠海市土地利用空间格局与地形的相关性研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2010,26(3):68-72.
[12] 罗明良,罗静,王佑汉.基于DEM的土地利用类型与地形因子关系研究——以重庆市永川朱龙花等6村为例[J].资源开发与市场,2013,29(2):118-121.
[13] 吴培中,陈俊明,陈松林.空间关联规则在土地利用与地形特征关系研究中的应用[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2011,6(4):64-69.
[14] 陈利顶,杨爽,冯晓明.土地利用变化的地形梯度特征与空间扩展——以北京市海淀区和延庆县为例[J].地理研究,2008,1(6):1225-1234.
[15] 毛蒋兴,李志刚,闫小培,等.深圳土地利用时空变化与地形因子的关系研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2008,24(2):71-76.
[16] DIBIASE R A,HEIMSATH A M,WHIPPLE K X.Hillslope response to tectonic forcing in threshold landscapes[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2012,37(8):855-865.
[17] DIETRICH W E,BELLUGI D G,SKLAR L S,et al.Geomorphic transport laws for predicting landscape form and dynamics[J].Geophysical Monograph,2003,135:103-132.
[18] MILODOWSKI D T,MUDD S M,MITCHARD E T A.Topographic roughness as a signature of the emergence of bedrock in eroding landscapes[J].Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions,2015,3(4):371-416.
[19] AMUNDSON R,HEIMSATH A,OWEN J,et al.Hillslope soils and vegetation[J].Geomorphology,2015,234:122-132.
[20] MEHNATKESH A,AYOUBI S,JALALIAN A,et al.Relationships between soil depth and terrain attributes in a semi arid hilly region in western Iran[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2013,10(1):163-172.
[21] HEIMSATH A M,DIBIASE R A,WHIPPLE K X.Soil production limits and the transition to bedrock-dominated landscapes[J].Nature Geoscience,2012,5(3):210-214.
[22] ANDERSON R S.Evolution of the Santa Cruz Mountains,California,through tectonic growth and geomorphic decay[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99:20161-20179.
[23] CULLING W E H.Analytical theory of erosion[J].The Journal of Geology,1960,68(3):336-344.
[24] HOWARD A D.A detachment-limited model of drainage basin evolution[J].Water Resources Research,1994,30(7):2261-2285.
[25] 韦杰,曾萍.基于R的有序分类资料logistic回归分析[J].软件,2014,35(6):56-57.