玛咖总生物碱提取和检测及药理活性研究进展
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摘要
玛咖生物碱是玛咖重要的次生代谢物,具有抗氧化、抗癌、调节神经和提高性功能、增强生育力等生理功能。但关于玛咖生物碱提取、检测及其生物活性的系统报道很少,严重制约着玛咖生物碱的研究、生产和相关产品的开发。本研究介绍了玛咖生物碱的化学成分和结构特征,详尽地综述了国内外有关玛咖生物碱的提取、分离、纯化工艺、测定方法和生理功能等诸多方面的研究进展,并阐述了玛咖生物碱的各种提取分离和检测方法的优缺点,最后探讨了今后玛咖生物碱的研究方向和未来趋势,为玛咖资源开发利用提供科学性指导。
Maca alkaloids which are important secondary metabolites in Maca have many biological activates such as anti-oxidation,anti-cancer,anti-inflammation and anti-virus,and they also improve sexual function and fertility. However,there have been few reports about the methods for extraction and detection,biological activity of Maca total alkaloids in Maca recently,which seriously restricts the research,production and related products development of Maca alkaloids. In this article,chemical composition and structure characteristics of Maca alkaloids are introduced. Research progress on extraction,purification,detection methods and physiological function of Maca alkaloids are reviewed in detail,and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are also discussed.Furthermore,the future research directions and development trends of Maca alkaloids are discussed,which provide a scientific guidance for the development and utilization of Maca.
Maca alkaloids which are important secondary metabolites in Maca have many biological activates such as anti-oxidation,anti-cancer,anti-inflammation and anti-virus,and they also improve sexual function and fertility. However,there have been few reports about the methods for extraction and detection,biological activity of Maca total alkaloids in Maca recently,which seriously restricts the research,production and related products development of Maca alkaloids. In this article,chemical composition and structure characteristics of Maca alkaloids are introduced. Research progress on extraction,purification,detection methods and physiological function of Maca alkaloids are reviewed in detail,and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are also discussed.Furthermore,the future research directions and development trends of Maca alkaloids are discussed,which provide a scientific guidance for the development and utilization of Maca.
引文
[1]SHIN BC,LEE MS,YANG EJ,et al.Maca(Lepidium meyenii)for improving sexual function:a systematic review[J].BMC Complement Alterna Med,2010,10(4):2-6.
[2]TU XH,ZHENG H,ZHANG H,et al.Experimental study on fluidized bed drying process of Maca(Lepidium meyenii Walp.)tuber[J].J Chem Pharm Res,2014,6(4):1185-1193.
[3]GONZALES GF,GASCO MRJ,GONZALES C.Maca(Lepidium meyenii Walp),a review of its biological properties[J].Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica,2014,31(1):100-110.
[4]JIN WW,CHEN XM,DAI PF,et al.Lepidiline C and D:two new imidazole alkaloids from Lepidium meyenii Walp-ers(Brassicaceae)roots[J].Phytochem Lett,2016,17:158-161.
[5]许敏,王兆杰,杨少杰,等.玛咖的化学成分和生物活性研究进展[J].食品研究与开发,2017,38(1):193-198.
[6]CHOI EH,KANG JI,CHO JY,et al.Supplementation of standardized lipid-soluble extract from maca(Lepidium meyenii)increases swimming endurance capacity in rats[J].J Funct Foods,2012,4(2):568-573.
[7]PAN Y,ZHANG J,LI H,et al.Simultaneous analysis of macamides in Maca(Lepidium meyenii)with different drying process by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry[J].Food Anal Methods,2016,9(6):1686-1695.
[8]PIACENTE S,CARBONE V,PLAZA A,et al.Investigation of the tuber constituents of maca(Lepidium meyenii Walp.)[J].J Agric Food Chem,2002,50(20):5621-5625.
[9]梁文娟,许洪波,杨彩艳,等.玛咖化学成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(23):4531-4535.
[10]MUHAMMADA I,ZHAO JP,DUNBAR DC,et al.Constituents of Lepidium meyenii‘maca’[J].Phytochemistry,2002,59(1):105-110.
[11]CUI B,ZHENG BL,HE K,et al.Imidazole alkaloids from Lepidium meyenii[J].J Nat Prod,2003,66(8):1101-1103.
[12]郑茜.吉林产玛咖的化学成分及生物活性研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2014.
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[14]ZHAO JP,MUHAMMADA I,DUNBAR DC,et al.New alkamides from maca(Lepidium meyenii)[J].J Agric Food Chem,2005,53(3):690-693.
[15]ZHENG BL,HE K,KIM CH,et al.Effect of a lipidic extract from Lepidium meyenii on sexual behavior in mice and rats[J].Urology,2000,55(4):598-602.
[16]MCCOLLOM MM,VILLINSKI JR,MCPHAIL K L,et al.Analysis of macamides in samples of Maca(Lepidium meyenii)by HPLC-UV-MS/MS[J].Phytochem Anal,2005,16(6):463-469.
[17]UCHIYAMA F,JIKYO T,TAKEDA R,et al.Lepidium meyenii(maca)enhances the serum levels of luteinising hormone in female rats[J].J Ethnopharmacol,2014,151(2):897-902.
[18]ZHANG YZ,YU LJ,AO MZ,et al.Effect of ethanol extract of Lepidium meyenii Walp.on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rat[J].J Ethnopharmacol,2006,105(1/2):274-279.
[19]ESPARZA E,KOFER W,BENDEZúY,et al.Fast Analysis of Maca bioactive compounds for ecotype characterization and export quality control[C].Lima:15th Triennial International Society for Tropical Root Crops(ISTRC)Symposium,2009.
[20]CHAIN FE,GRAU A,MARTINS JC,et al.Macamides from wild‘maca’,Lepidium meyenii Walpers(Brassicaceae)[J].Phytochem Lett,2014,8(1):145-148.
[21]朱财延,李炳辉,罗成员,等.高效液相色谱-质谱法分析植物玛咖中的玛咖烯和玛咖酰胺[J].分析仪器,2014,195(5):44-49.
[22]姜月蒙,鲁吉坷,巴建明,等.云南栽培玛咖总生物碱提取工艺优化研究[J].食品工业科技,2013,35(11):232-234.
[23]王婧,邓辰辰,徐振秋,等.玛咖总生物碱检测方法的建立及提取优化[J].食品工业科技,2016,38(2):73-81.
[24]查圣华.玛咖活性成分及抗疲劳功能研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.
[25]杜广香.玛咖生物碱的分离纯化及杭氧化活性研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2011.
[26]杜广香.浦跃武.超声波提取玛咖生物碱的工艺研究[J].广东农业科学,2011,47(3):74-77.
[27]PAN J,XIA XX,LIANG J.Analysis of pesticide multi-residues in leafy vegetables by ultrasonic solvent extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Ultrason Sonochem,2008,15(1):25-32.
[28]GOULA AM.Ultrasound-assisted extraction of pomegranate seed oil-Kinetic modeling[J].J Food Engineering,2013,117(4):492-498.
[29]罗堾子,张弘,郑华,等.超声波微波协同提取玛咖总生物碱[J].食品工业科技,2011,33(12):354-358.
[30]王未,贾清东,仰榴青,等.循环超声提取玛咖生物碱动力学及热力学研究[J].食品与生物技术学报,2017,36(5):512-518.
[31]杨秦.玛咖抗疲劳的有效成分及机理研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2016.
[32]郭谦亮,张天华,王宁.玛咖不同提取部位对磷酸二酯酶5抑制作用的谱-效关系研究[J].中草药,2017,48(4):728-736.
[33]唐燕文,廖霞俐,杨波,等.玛咖有效成分多种提取方法的比较研究[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(5):189-193.
[34]范彩虹,葛发欢.玛咔根脂溶性部位化学成分研究[J].中药材,2015,38(2):318-322.
[35]卢馨,刘文虎,曾里,等.酸性染料比色法测定玛咖总生物碱含量的方法研究[J].食品工业,2014,36(1):241-244.
[36]王婧,邓辰辰,徐振秋,等.玛咖总生物碱检测方法的建立及提取优化[J].食品工业科技,2016,38(2):73-81.
[37]沈维治,刘军,廖森泰,等.玛咖抗疲劳作用及活性组分研究[J].食品与生物技术学报,2014,33(7):721-726.
[38]甘瑾.玛咖(Lepidium meyenii Walp.)抗氧化活性及活性物质基础的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2013.
[39]金文闻.药食两用植物玛咖(Lepidium meyenii)的功效物质研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2006.
[40]林涛,邵金良,刘宏程,等.玛咖中玛咖酰胺特征光谱学及快速测定研究[J].分析试验室,2017,36(4):394-398.
[41]陈秋露,刘亚林,徐德锋.玛咖样品中9种玛咖酞胺含量的高效液相色谱法测定及质谱确证[J].分析试验室,2017,36(10):1224-1229.
[42]潘云,马晋芳,葛发欢,等.玛咖酰胺的超临界色谱分析研究与含量测定[J].中药材,2017,40(3):652-655.
[43]CICERO AF,BANDIERI E,ARLETTI R.Lepidium meyenii Walp.improves sexual behaviour in male rats independently from its action on spontaneous locomotor activity[J].J Ethnopharmacol,2001,75(2/3):225-229.
[44]RUBIO J,CALDAS M,DAVILA S,et al.Effect of three different cultivars of Lepidium meyenii(Maca)on learning and depression in ovariectomized mice[J].BMC Complement Alterna Med,2006,6(1):23.
[45]GONZALES GF,CORDOVA A,GONZALES C,et al.Lepidium meyenii(Maca)improved semen parameters in adult men[J].Asian J Androl,2001,3(4):301-303.
[46]GONZALES GF,RUBIO J,CHUNG A,et al.Effect of alcoholic extract of Lepidium meyenii(Maca)on testicular function in male rats[J].Asian J Androl,2003,5(4):349-352.
[47]GONZALES GF,RUIZ A,GONZALES C,et al.Effect of Lepidium meyenii(Maca)roots on spermatogenesis of male rats[J].Asian J Androl,2001,3(3):231-233.
[48]RUIZ-LUNA C,SALAZAR S,ASPAJO J,et al.Lepidium meyenii(Maca)increases litter size in normal adult female mice[J].Reprod Biol Endocrinol,2005,3(16):1-6.
[49]GONZALES R,FRANCISCO G,GONZALES A,et al.Compositions of atomized or lyophilized maca(Lepidium meyenii)extracts and atomized or lyophilized yacon(smallanthus sanchifolius)extracts as adjuvants in the treatment of different conditions:US,US7985434 B2[P].2011-07-26.
[50]HAJDU Z,NICOLUSSI S,GERTSCH J,et al.Identification of endocannabinoid system-modulating N-alkylamides from Heliopsis helianthoides var.scabra and Lepidium meyenii[J].J Nat Prod,2014,77(7):1663-1669.
[51]WU H,KELLEY CJ,PINO FA,et al.Macamides and their synthetic analogs:evaluation of in vitro FAAH inhibition[J].Bioorg Med Chem,2013,21(17):5188-5197.
[52]张永忠,余龙江,敖明章.玛咖醇提取物对去卵巢大鼠内分泌激素及血脂水平的影响[J].中国新药杂志,2008,17(24):2112-2121.
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[55]刘艳梅,赵德,邓君鹤,等.鹤庆产黄玛咖抗骨质疏松活性部位的化学成分研究[J].药学学报,2017,52(6):943-947.
[56]彭璐,赵云,金鑫.玛咖对维甲酸诱导的骨质疏松症的抑制作用[J].中药药理与临床,2014,30(3):98-101.
[2]TU XH,ZHENG H,ZHANG H,et al.Experimental study on fluidized bed drying process of Maca(Lepidium meyenii Walp.)tuber[J].J Chem Pharm Res,2014,6(4):1185-1193.
[3]GONZALES GF,GASCO MRJ,GONZALES C.Maca(Lepidium meyenii Walp),a review of its biological properties[J].Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica,2014,31(1):100-110.
[4]JIN WW,CHEN XM,DAI PF,et al.Lepidiline C and D:two new imidazole alkaloids from Lepidium meyenii Walp-ers(Brassicaceae)roots[J].Phytochem Lett,2016,17:158-161.
[5]许敏,王兆杰,杨少杰,等.玛咖的化学成分和生物活性研究进展[J].食品研究与开发,2017,38(1):193-198.
[6]CHOI EH,KANG JI,CHO JY,et al.Supplementation of standardized lipid-soluble extract from maca(Lepidium meyenii)increases swimming endurance capacity in rats[J].J Funct Foods,2012,4(2):568-573.
[7]PAN Y,ZHANG J,LI H,et al.Simultaneous analysis of macamides in Maca(Lepidium meyenii)with different drying process by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry[J].Food Anal Methods,2016,9(6):1686-1695.
[8]PIACENTE S,CARBONE V,PLAZA A,et al.Investigation of the tuber constituents of maca(Lepidium meyenii Walp.)[J].J Agric Food Chem,2002,50(20):5621-5625.
[9]梁文娟,许洪波,杨彩艳,等.玛咖化学成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(23):4531-4535.
[10]MUHAMMADA I,ZHAO JP,DUNBAR DC,et al.Constituents of Lepidium meyenii‘maca’[J].Phytochemistry,2002,59(1):105-110.
[11]CUI B,ZHENG BL,HE K,et al.Imidazole alkaloids from Lepidium meyenii[J].J Nat Prod,2003,66(8):1101-1103.
[12]郑茜.吉林产玛咖的化学成分及生物活性研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2014.
[13]GANZERA M,ZHAO JP,MUHAMMADA I,et al.Chemical profiling and standardization of Lepidium meyenii(Maca)by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography[J].Chem Pharm Bull,2002,50(7):988-991.
[14]ZHAO JP,MUHAMMADA I,DUNBAR DC,et al.New alkamides from maca(Lepidium meyenii)[J].J Agric Food Chem,2005,53(3):690-693.
[15]ZHENG BL,HE K,KIM CH,et al.Effect of a lipidic extract from Lepidium meyenii on sexual behavior in mice and rats[J].Urology,2000,55(4):598-602.
[16]MCCOLLOM MM,VILLINSKI JR,MCPHAIL K L,et al.Analysis of macamides in samples of Maca(Lepidium meyenii)by HPLC-UV-MS/MS[J].Phytochem Anal,2005,16(6):463-469.
[17]UCHIYAMA F,JIKYO T,TAKEDA R,et al.Lepidium meyenii(maca)enhances the serum levels of luteinising hormone in female rats[J].J Ethnopharmacol,2014,151(2):897-902.
[18]ZHANG YZ,YU LJ,AO MZ,et al.Effect of ethanol extract of Lepidium meyenii Walp.on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rat[J].J Ethnopharmacol,2006,105(1/2):274-279.
[19]ESPARZA E,KOFER W,BENDEZúY,et al.Fast Analysis of Maca bioactive compounds for ecotype characterization and export quality control[C].Lima:15th Triennial International Society for Tropical Root Crops(ISTRC)Symposium,2009.
[20]CHAIN FE,GRAU A,MARTINS JC,et al.Macamides from wild‘maca’,Lepidium meyenii Walpers(Brassicaceae)[J].Phytochem Lett,2014,8(1):145-148.
[21]朱财延,李炳辉,罗成员,等.高效液相色谱-质谱法分析植物玛咖中的玛咖烯和玛咖酰胺[J].分析仪器,2014,195(5):44-49.
[22]姜月蒙,鲁吉坷,巴建明,等.云南栽培玛咖总生物碱提取工艺优化研究[J].食品工业科技,2013,35(11):232-234.
[23]王婧,邓辰辰,徐振秋,等.玛咖总生物碱检测方法的建立及提取优化[J].食品工业科技,2016,38(2):73-81.
[24]查圣华.玛咖活性成分及抗疲劳功能研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.
[25]杜广香.玛咖生物碱的分离纯化及杭氧化活性研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2011.
[26]杜广香.浦跃武.超声波提取玛咖生物碱的工艺研究[J].广东农业科学,2011,47(3):74-77.
[27]PAN J,XIA XX,LIANG J.Analysis of pesticide multi-residues in leafy vegetables by ultrasonic solvent extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Ultrason Sonochem,2008,15(1):25-32.
[28]GOULA AM.Ultrasound-assisted extraction of pomegranate seed oil-Kinetic modeling[J].J Food Engineering,2013,117(4):492-498.
[29]罗堾子,张弘,郑华,等.超声波微波协同提取玛咖总生物碱[J].食品工业科技,2011,33(12):354-358.
[30]王未,贾清东,仰榴青,等.循环超声提取玛咖生物碱动力学及热力学研究[J].食品与生物技术学报,2017,36(5):512-518.
[31]杨秦.玛咖抗疲劳的有效成分及机理研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2016.
[32]郭谦亮,张天华,王宁.玛咖不同提取部位对磷酸二酯酶5抑制作用的谱-效关系研究[J].中草药,2017,48(4):728-736.
[33]唐燕文,廖霞俐,杨波,等.玛咖有效成分多种提取方法的比较研究[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(5):189-193.
[34]范彩虹,葛发欢.玛咔根脂溶性部位化学成分研究[J].中药材,2015,38(2):318-322.
[35]卢馨,刘文虎,曾里,等.酸性染料比色法测定玛咖总生物碱含量的方法研究[J].食品工业,2014,36(1):241-244.
[36]王婧,邓辰辰,徐振秋,等.玛咖总生物碱检测方法的建立及提取优化[J].食品工业科技,2016,38(2):73-81.
[37]沈维治,刘军,廖森泰,等.玛咖抗疲劳作用及活性组分研究[J].食品与生物技术学报,2014,33(7):721-726.
[38]甘瑾.玛咖(Lepidium meyenii Walp.)抗氧化活性及活性物质基础的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2013.
[39]金文闻.药食两用植物玛咖(Lepidium meyenii)的功效物质研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2006.
[40]林涛,邵金良,刘宏程,等.玛咖中玛咖酰胺特征光谱学及快速测定研究[J].分析试验室,2017,36(4):394-398.
[41]陈秋露,刘亚林,徐德锋.玛咖样品中9种玛咖酞胺含量的高效液相色谱法测定及质谱确证[J].分析试验室,2017,36(10):1224-1229.
[42]潘云,马晋芳,葛发欢,等.玛咖酰胺的超临界色谱分析研究与含量测定[J].中药材,2017,40(3):652-655.
[43]CICERO AF,BANDIERI E,ARLETTI R.Lepidium meyenii Walp.improves sexual behaviour in male rats independently from its action on spontaneous locomotor activity[J].J Ethnopharmacol,2001,75(2/3):225-229.
[44]RUBIO J,CALDAS M,DAVILA S,et al.Effect of three different cultivars of Lepidium meyenii(Maca)on learning and depression in ovariectomized mice[J].BMC Complement Alterna Med,2006,6(1):23.
[45]GONZALES GF,CORDOVA A,GONZALES C,et al.Lepidium meyenii(Maca)improved semen parameters in adult men[J].Asian J Androl,2001,3(4):301-303.
[46]GONZALES GF,RUBIO J,CHUNG A,et al.Effect of alcoholic extract of Lepidium meyenii(Maca)on testicular function in male rats[J].Asian J Androl,2003,5(4):349-352.
[47]GONZALES GF,RUIZ A,GONZALES C,et al.Effect of Lepidium meyenii(Maca)roots on spermatogenesis of male rats[J].Asian J Androl,2001,3(3):231-233.
[48]RUIZ-LUNA C,SALAZAR S,ASPAJO J,et al.Lepidium meyenii(Maca)increases litter size in normal adult female mice[J].Reprod Biol Endocrinol,2005,3(16):1-6.
[49]GONZALES R,FRANCISCO G,GONZALES A,et al.Compositions of atomized or lyophilized maca(Lepidium meyenii)extracts and atomized or lyophilized yacon(smallanthus sanchifolius)extracts as adjuvants in the treatment of different conditions:US,US7985434 B2[P].2011-07-26.
[50]HAJDU Z,NICOLUSSI S,GERTSCH J,et al.Identification of endocannabinoid system-modulating N-alkylamides from Heliopsis helianthoides var.scabra and Lepidium meyenii[J].J Nat Prod,2014,77(7):1663-1669.
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