鄱阳湖湿地不同植物群落土壤养分和土壤酶活性垂直分布特征
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摘要
研究鄱阳湖湿地不同植物群落土壤Bglu(β-葡萄糖苷酶)、NAG(乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶)、Bxyl(β-木糖苷酶)、Phos(酸性磷酸酶)、Phox(酚氧化酶)、Pero(过氧化物酶)活性、土壤养分、土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)、土壤微生物量氮(SMBN)、土壤微生物量磷(SMBP)垂直分布特征。结果表明:土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(STN)、全钾(STK)、碱解氮(SAN)、速效磷(SAP)和速效钾(SAK)在深度上呈递减趋势,也即随着土层深度的增加而逐渐降低,在0—20cm土壤与其他深层土壤之间存在显著的差异性;对于不同植物群落土壤养分平均值而言,由湖滨高滩地到沉水植物区,土壤养分呈增加趋势(均表现为沉水植物区>湿生植物区>挺水植物区>湖滨高滩地)。随土壤剖面深度的增加,不同植物群落SMBC,SMBN和SMBP在深度上呈递减趋势,其中表层SMBC,SMBN和SMBP分别占所研究整个剖面的27.37%,27.22%和29.75%,由湖滨高滩地到沉水植物区,土壤微生物量呈增加趋势(均表现为沉水植物区>湿生植物区>挺水植物区>湖滨高滩地),其中SMBC,SMBN平均值在不同植物群落中差异均显著(p<0.05)。鄱阳湖湿地沿垂直剖面分布的土壤酶活性与微生物量的变化规律相一致,6种酶(Bglu,Bxyl,NAG,Phos,Pero,Phox)活性随土壤剖面深度的增加显著降低,在0—20cm达到最大;由湖滨高滩地到沉水植物区,土壤酶活性呈增加趋势(均表现为沉水植物区>湿生植物区>挺水植物区>湖滨高滩地)。相关性分析表明,微生物特性SMBC和SMBN与土壤酶活性的相关性系数较大,表明SMBC和SMBN是影响土壤微生物活性的最主要因素。双因素分析表明,SOC,STN,SAN,SMBC,SMBN,Bglu活性,Bxyl活性,Phos活性,Phox活性均极显著地受到植被和土层深度的影响(p<0.01),而STP,SAP和SMBP对土层、植被及两者间交互作用均未表现出显著性响应(p>0.05)。综合分析表明,鄱阳湖湿地土壤微生物功能特性之间具有相互促进作用,具有一定的协同作用。
In order to study the profile distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and enzymes in the wetland of Poyang Lake,four plant communities were selected as the research sites.The depth of soil profile was 0—80 cm,which was divided into four layers(0—20 cm,20—40 cm,40—60 cm,60—80 cm).The profile distributions of soil enzyme activities(Bglu,NAG,Bxyl,Phos,Phox and Pero),microbial biomass and soil nutrients were determined.The results showed that soil organic carbon(SOC),soil total nitrogen(STN)、soil total potassium(STK),soil alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen(SAN),soil available phosphorus(SAP)and soil available potassium(SAK)decreased gradually as the soil depth increased,and the soil nutrients in surface soil(0—20 cm)were significantly higher than those in deep soil,while there was no significant difference in soil total phosphorus(STP)of different layers;the average of soil nutrients decreased in the order:submerged plant area>wetland plantsbog plant area>emerged plant area>lake shoal;MBC,SMBNand SMBP decreased gradually as the soil depth increased,and the soil,microbial biomass in surface soil(0—20 cm)was significantly higher than that in deep soil,while there was no significant difference in SMBP of different layers;the average of soil microbial biomass decreased in the sequence:submerged plant area>wetland plantsbog plant area>emerged plant area>lake shoal.There is the same change trend between soil nutrients and enzymes.Correlation analysis showed that there were higher correlation coefficients between soil microbial biomass and soil enzymes,indicating that soil microbial biomass was the main factor affecting soil enzymes.Double factor analysis indicated that the plant and soil depth had the significant effect on soil microbial biomass and soil enzymes,and had no effect on STP,SAP and SMBP(p>0.05).In total,there is a synergistic effect between soil microbial biomass and soil enzymes in the wetland of Poyang Lake.
In order to study the profile distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and enzymes in the wetland of Poyang Lake,four plant communities were selected as the research sites.The depth of soil profile was 0—80 cm,which was divided into four layers(0—20 cm,20—40 cm,40—60 cm,60—80 cm).The profile distributions of soil enzyme activities(Bglu,NAG,Bxyl,Phos,Phox and Pero),microbial biomass and soil nutrients were determined.The results showed that soil organic carbon(SOC),soil total nitrogen(STN)、soil total potassium(STK),soil alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen(SAN),soil available phosphorus(SAP)and soil available potassium(SAK)decreased gradually as the soil depth increased,and the soil nutrients in surface soil(0—20 cm)were significantly higher than those in deep soil,while there was no significant difference in soil total phosphorus(STP)of different layers;the average of soil nutrients decreased in the order:submerged plant area>wetland plantsbog plant area>emerged plant area>lake shoal;MBC,SMBNand SMBP decreased gradually as the soil depth increased,and the soil,microbial biomass in surface soil(0—20 cm)was significantly higher than that in deep soil,while there was no significant difference in SMBP of different layers;the average of soil microbial biomass decreased in the sequence:submerged plant area>wetland plantsbog plant area>emerged plant area>lake shoal.There is the same change trend between soil nutrients and enzymes.Correlation analysis showed that there were higher correlation coefficients between soil microbial biomass and soil enzymes,indicating that soil microbial biomass was the main factor affecting soil enzymes.Double factor analysis indicated that the plant and soil depth had the significant effect on soil microbial biomass and soil enzymes,and had no effect on STP,SAP and SMBP(p>0.05).In total,there is a synergistic effect between soil microbial biomass and soil enzymes in the wetland of Poyang Lake.
引文
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[24]严岩,文波龙,徐惠风.除草剂苄嘧磺隆对盐碱化沼泽芦苇生长及土壤酶活性影响的试验研究[J].湿地科学,2016,14(1):117-121.
[25]朱海强,李艳红,李发东.艾比湖湿地典型植物群落土壤酶活性季节变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1145-1154.
[26]高艳娜,戚志伟,仲启钺,等.长江口芦苇湿地土壤酶活性对长期模拟升温的响应[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(3):535-541.
[27]朱美玲,贡璐,张龙龙.塔里木河上游典型绿洲土壤酶活性与环境因子相关分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(7):2678-2685.
[2]崔丽娟,庞丙亮,李伟,等.扎龙湿地生态系统服务价值评价[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):828-836.
[3]吴春莹,陈伟,刘迪,等.北京市重要湿地生态系统健康评价[J].湿地科学,2017(4):516-521.
[4]魏强,佟连军,杨丽花,等.三江平原湿地生态系统生物多样性保护价值[J].生态学报,2015,35(4):935-943.
[5]丁冬静,李玫,廖宝文,等.海南省滨海自然湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].生态环境学报,2015(9):1472-1477.
[6]杨宁,杨满元,雷玉兰,等.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地土壤酶活性对植被恢复的响应[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(4):575-580.
[7]胡雷,王长庭,王根绪,等.三江源区不同退化演替阶段高寒草甸土壤酶活性和微生物群落结构的变化[J].草业学报,2014,23(3):8-12.
[8]杨文彬,耿玉清,王冬梅.漓江水陆交错带不同植被类型的土壤酶活性[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4604-4612.
[9]崔雯雯,宋全昊,高小丽,等.糜子不同种植方式对土壤酶活性及养分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):234-240.
[10]路怡青,朱安宁,张佳宝,等.免耕和秸秆还田对土壤酶活性和微生物群落的影响[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):85-90.
[11]杨瑞,刘帅,王紫泉,等.秦岭山脉典型林分土壤酶活性与土壤养分关系的探讨[J].土壤学报,2016,53(4):1037-1046.
[12]金奇,吴琴,钟欣孜,等.鄱阳湖湿地水位梯度下不同植物群落类型土壤有机碳组分特征[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(5):1180-1187.
[13]张杰,胡维,刘以珍,等.鄱阳湖湿地不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物群落功能多样性[J].生态学报,2015,35(4):965-971.
[14]简敏菲,徐鹏飞,余厚平,等.乐安河—鄱阳湖湿地植物群落分布及其环境影响因子[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(3):408-417.
[15]于昊天,黄时豪,刘亚军,等.鄱阳湖湿地土壤酶及微生物生物量的剖面分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(11):1715-1722.
[16]周云凯,白秀玲,宁立新.鄱阳湖湿地灰化苔草固碳能力及固碳量研究[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(12):2030-2035.
[17]雷学明,段洪浪,刘文飞,等.鄱阳湖湿地碟形湖泊沿高程梯度土壤养分及化学计量研究[J].土壤,2017,49(1):40-48.
[18]江玉梅,胡琳玉,林娣,等.鄱阳湖湿地4种植物群落土壤碳含量和酶活性[J].湿地科学,2017,15(6):802-808.
[19]张鑫,耿玉清,徐明,等.鄱阳湖湖滨湿地土壤酶活性及影响因素[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(1):34-40.
[20]靳振江,曾鸿鹄,李强,等.起源喀斯特溶洞湿地稻田与旱地土壤的微生物数量,生物量及土壤酶活性比较[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):335-341.
[21]黄利东,汪丽军,王月.植被类型对滨海湿地土壤酶活性的影响研究[J].土壤通报,2015,46(6):1447-1452.
[22]文东新,杨宁,杨满元.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同植被恢复模式对土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(6):1241-1247.
[23]闫钟清,齐玉春,彭琴,等.降水和氮沉降增加对草地土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(9):3019-3027.
[24]严岩,文波龙,徐惠风.除草剂苄嘧磺隆对盐碱化沼泽芦苇生长及土壤酶活性影响的试验研究[J].湿地科学,2016,14(1):117-121.
[25]朱海强,李艳红,李发东.艾比湖湿地典型植物群落土壤酶活性季节变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1145-1154.
[26]高艳娜,戚志伟,仲启钺,等.长江口芦苇湿地土壤酶活性对长期模拟升温的响应[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(3):535-541.
[27]朱美玲,贡璐,张龙龙.塔里木河上游典型绿洲土壤酶活性与环境因子相关分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(7):2678-2685.