中国石墨矿产资源现状与国际贸易格局分析
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摘要
石墨是一种战略新兴矿产,是支撑高新技术发展的重要战略资源。本文从全球视角出发,分析了中国石墨资源储量及其在全球中的地位,并分析了全球和中国石墨贸易格局现状及问题。研究发现:第一,我国石墨资源丰富,资源地位突出;第二,石墨国际贸易呈现"需求方相对分散,供应方高度集中"的特征,以日本、德国、美国、印度等多个国家为进口国,中国为唯一出口大国;第三,中国石墨贸易"高进低出"现象明显,石墨产品附加值低,石墨工业发展较为落后。针对以上问题,本文提出应通过国家提高行业标准、提高科技水平和产品附加值等措施提升我国石墨工业发展在全球贸易中的地位。
Graphite,which is also a kind of strategic emerging mineral,is an important strategic resource supporting for new and high technology development.From the global perspective,the paper analyzes China's graphite resource reserves and its global status,and the global and Chinese graphite trade patterns are analyzed.The study found that:firstly,China is rich in graphite resources,ranking third in the world and outstanding in resource status;secondly,the main characteristics of international graphite trade are that the demand side is relatively dispersed and the supply side is highly concentrated,with Japan,Germany,the United States,India and other countries being importers,China being the only exporter;thirdly,China's graphite trade"high import price and low export price"phenomenon is obvious,and graphite products have low added value,and graphite industry development is relatively backward.In view of the above problems,the paper puts forward by countries should improve the industry standard and improve the level of science and technology and measures to promote the development of China's graphite industry and its position in global trade.
Graphite,which is also a kind of strategic emerging mineral,is an important strategic resource supporting for new and high technology development.From the global perspective,the paper analyzes China's graphite resource reserves and its global status,and the global and Chinese graphite trade patterns are analyzed.The study found that:firstly,China is rich in graphite resources,ranking third in the world and outstanding in resource status;secondly,the main characteristics of international graphite trade are that the demand side is relatively dispersed and the supply side is highly concentrated,with Japan,Germany,the United States,India and other countries being importers,China being the only exporter;thirdly,China's graphite trade"high import price and low export price"phenomenon is obvious,and graphite products have low added value,and graphite industry development is relatively backward.In view of the above problems,the paper puts forward by countries should improve the industry standard and improve the level of science and technology and measures to promote the development of China's graphite industry and its position in global trade.
引文
[1]高天明,陈其慎,于汶加,等.中国天然石墨未来需求与发展展望[J].资源科学,2015,37(5):1059-1067.
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[3]国土资源部.中国矿产资源报告2016[EB/OL].http:∥data.mlr.gov.cn/zybg/2016/201611/P020161115585358851556.pdf.
[4]中国粉体网.内蒙古阿拉善地区发现超大型晶质大鳞片石墨矿[EB/OL].(2015-08-04)[2017-10-11].http:∥graphite.cnpowder.com.cn/graphite/newsdetail.php?id=33824.
[5]中国电池网.内蒙古探获3处超大型石墨矿床矿物量4200多万吨[EB/OL].(2016-09-17)[2017-10-11].http:∥www.itdcw.com/news/focus/091LJ512016.html.
[6]OFweek锂电网.中国新发现50余处矿床找到的石墨矿资源量达3.32亿吨[EB/OL].(2017-03-13)[2017-10-11].http:∥libattery.ofweek.com/2017-03/ART-36008-8120-30113321.html.
[7]中国地质调查局.2016中国石墨资源调查报告[EB/OL].(2016-12-02)[2017-10-11].http:∥www.cnpowdertech.com/2016/jsjzt_1202/19903.html.
[8]Indira Bhavan,Civil Lines.Indian Minerals Yearbook 2016[EB/OL].www.ibm.gov.in.
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[10]United Nations.United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database 1990-2016[DB/OL].https:∥comtrade.un.org/data/.2017.11.21.
[11]United Nations.United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database 1992-2016[DB/OL].https:∥comtrade.un.org/data/.2017.11.25.
[12]陈志,刘峰,李哲.慎防石墨成为下一个稀土产业[J].高科技与产业化,2014(2):91-92.
(1)《中国矿产资源报告》中资源储量是指:资源量+基础储量,即是指赋存在原地的(包括可经济开采和不可开采)资源数量;美国地质调查局(USGS)给的储量是指赋存在原地的并且可以经济开采出的资源储量。
[2]JAMES F Carlin.Mineral Commodity Summaries 1990-2016[R].Reston:US Geological Survey,2017.
[3]国土资源部.中国矿产资源报告2016[EB/OL].http:∥data.mlr.gov.cn/zybg/2016/201611/P020161115585358851556.pdf.
[4]中国粉体网.内蒙古阿拉善地区发现超大型晶质大鳞片石墨矿[EB/OL].(2015-08-04)[2017-10-11].http:∥graphite.cnpowder.com.cn/graphite/newsdetail.php?id=33824.
[5]中国电池网.内蒙古探获3处超大型石墨矿床矿物量4200多万吨[EB/OL].(2016-09-17)[2017-10-11].http:∥www.itdcw.com/news/focus/091LJ512016.html.
[6]OFweek锂电网.中国新发现50余处矿床找到的石墨矿资源量达3.32亿吨[EB/OL].(2017-03-13)[2017-10-11].http:∥libattery.ofweek.com/2017-03/ART-36008-8120-30113321.html.
[7]中国地质调查局.2016中国石墨资源调查报告[EB/OL].(2016-12-02)[2017-10-11].http:∥www.cnpowdertech.com/2016/jsjzt_1202/19903.html.
[8]Indira Bhavan,Civil Lines.Indian Minerals Yearbook 2016[EB/OL].www.ibm.gov.in.
[9]中国粉体网.世界主要石墨生产国石墨产量情况概述[EB/OL].(2013-04-18)[2017-11-10].http:∥www.cnpowder.com.cn/news/25315.html.
[10]United Nations.United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database 1990-2016[DB/OL].https:∥comtrade.un.org/data/.2017.11.21.
[11]United Nations.United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database 1992-2016[DB/OL].https:∥comtrade.un.org/data/.2017.11.25.
[12]陈志,刘峰,李哲.慎防石墨成为下一个稀土产业[J].高科技与产业化,2014(2):91-92.
(1)《中国矿产资源报告》中资源储量是指:资源量+基础储量,即是指赋存在原地的(包括可经济开采和不可开采)资源数量;美国地质调查局(USGS)给的储量是指赋存在原地的并且可以经济开采出的资源储量。