烧结温度对高速钢颗粒增强钛基复合材料组织与性能的影响
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摘要
以M2型高速钢颗粒为增强体,采用放电等离子烧结技术,在850～1 000℃温度下制备高速钢颗粒增强钛基复合材料,研究烧结温度对复合材料显微组织以及硬度与摩擦性能的影响。结果表明,高速钢颗粒与钛基体的界面过渡层未发现孔洞或Ti-Fe金属间化合物,材料的最高致密度达到96.8%。在850℃的烧结温度下,高速钢颗粒周围析出一层碳化物,随烧结温度升高,碳化物因C的扩散而消失,高速钢颗粒中的W、Mo在高速钢颗粒周围富集。高速钢颗粒与钛基体的界面处硬度较高,1 000℃下钛基体的硬度(HV)达426.9。高速钢颗粒的添加有利于改善钛的摩擦性能,高速钢颗粒增强钛基复合材料的磨损方式以黏着磨损为主。随烧结温度升高,材料的硬度逐渐升高且耐磨性增强。
The high-speed steel particle reinforced titanium matrix composites(HSSP/Ti-based composites) were prepared at 850～1 000 ℃ by spark plasma sintering(SPS) using M2 high-speed steel particles as reinforcements.The effects of sintering temperature on the microstructure,hardness and friction property of the composites were investigated.The results show that no pores or Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds are found in the interfacial transition layer between high-speed steel particles and titanium matrix,and the highest density of composites is 96.8%.A layer of carbide precipitates around the high-speed steel particles is founded at the sintering temperature of 850 ℃.The carbides disappear due to the diffusion of C phase with increasing sintering temperature.The W and Mo elements in the high-speed steel particles are enriched around the high-speed steel particles.The microhardness of the interface between the high speed steel particle and titanium matrix is relatively higher,and the microhardness of the titanium matrix sintered at 1 000 ℃ can reach 426.9 HV.The addition of high-speed steel particles is beneficial to improve the friction property of titanium.The wear mode of high speed steel particles reinforced titanium matrix composites is dominated by adhesive wear.The microhardness and wear resistance of the material both increase with sintering temperature increases.
The high-speed steel particle reinforced titanium matrix composites(HSSP/Ti-based composites) were prepared at 850～1 000 ℃ by spark plasma sintering(SPS) using M2 high-speed steel particles as reinforcements.The effects of sintering temperature on the microstructure,hardness and friction property of the composites were investigated.The results show that no pores or Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds are found in the interfacial transition layer between high-speed steel particles and titanium matrix,and the highest density of composites is 96.8%.A layer of carbide precipitates around the high-speed steel particles is founded at the sintering temperature of 850 ℃.The carbides disappear due to the diffusion of C phase with increasing sintering temperature.The W and Mo elements in the high-speed steel particles are enriched around the high-speed steel particles.The microhardness of the interface between the high speed steel particle and titanium matrix is relatively higher,and the microhardness of the titanium matrix sintered at 1 000 ℃ can reach 426.9 HV.The addition of high-speed steel particles is beneficial to improve the friction property of titanium.The wear mode of high speed steel particles reinforced titanium matrix composites is dominated by adhesive wear.The microhardness and wear resistance of the material both increase with sintering temperature increases.
引文
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[3]刘丹,陈志勇,陈科培,等.TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆复合涂层的组织和耐磨性[J].金属热处理,2015,40(3):58-62.LIU Dan,CHEN Zhiyong,CHEN Kepei,et al.Microstructure and wear resistance of laser clad composite coating on TC4titanium alloy surface[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2015,40(3):58-62.
[4]LEE D B,PARK K B,JEONG H W,et al.Mechanical and oxidation properties of Ti-x Fe-y Si alloys[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2002,328(1/2):161-168.
[5]吴红艳,张平则,徐江,等.钛合金表面耐磨涂层的研究现状及应用[J].材料导报,2006,20(4):74-77.WU Hongyan,ZHANG Pingze,XU Jiang,et al.Current situations and applications of titanium alloys wear resistance coatings[J].Materials Review,2006,20(4):74-77.
[6]TJONG S C,MAI Y W.Processing-structure-property aspects of particulate-and whisker-reinforced titanium matrix composites[J].Composites Science&Technology,2008,68(3/4):583-601.
[7]FOUILLAND-PAILLE L,ETTAQI S,BENAYOUN S,et al.Structural and mechanical characterization of Ti/TiC cermet coatings synthesized by laser melting[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,1997,88(1/3):204-211.
[8]SADEGHI-KIAKHANI M,ARAMI M,GHARANJIG K.Process for producing Ti/TiC composite by hydrocarbon gas and Ti powder reaction[J].International Journal of Environmental Studies,1998,11(2):111-120.
[9]PARK J W,HUO C L,LEE S.Composition,microstructure,hardness,and wear properties of high-speed steel rolls[J].Metallurgical&Materials Transactions A,1999,30(2):399-409.
[10]LIU Y,CHEN L F,TANG H P,et al.Design of powder metallurgy titanium alloys and composites[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2006,418(1):25-35.
[11]ZHU L F,FRIAK M,DICK A,et al.First-principles study of the thermodynamic and elastic properties of eutectic Fe-Ti alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2012,60(4):1594-1602.
[12]BOLZONI L,RUIZ-NAVAS E M,GORDO E.Understanding the properties of low-cost iron-containing powder metallurgy titanium alloys[J].Materials&Design,2016,110:317-323.
[13]BOLZONI L,RUIZ-NAVAS E M,GORDO E.Quantifying the properties of low-cost powder metallurgy titanium alloys[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2017,687:47-53.
[14]RABADIA C D,LIU Y J,CAO G H,et al.High-strengthβstabilized Ti-Nb-Fe-Cr alloys with large plasticity[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2018,732:368-377.
[15]O’FLYNN J,CORBIN S F.The influence of iron powder size on pore formation,densification and homogenization during blended elemental sintering of Ti-2.5Fe[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds,2015,618:437-448.
[16]TAVOOSI M.The kirkendall void formation in Al/Ti interface during solid-state reactive diffusion between Al and Ti[J].Surfaces and Interfaces,2017,9:196-200.
[17]PUENTE A E P Y,DUNAND D C.Synthesis of NiTi microtubes via the Kirkendall effect during interdiffusion of Ti-coated Ni wires[J].Intermetallics,2018,92:42-48.
[18]CAO G.Atomic level understanding of the nanoscale kirkendall effect[J].Science Bulletin,2017,62(12):818-819.
[19]ESTEBAN P G,RUIZ-NAVAS E M,GORDO E.Influence of Fe content and particle size the on the processing and mechanical properties of low-cost Ti-x Fe alloys[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2010,527(21):5664-5669.
[20]CHEN B Y,HWANG K S,NG K L.Effect of cooling process on theαphase formation and mechanical properties of sintered Ti-Fe alloys[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2011,528(13/14):4556-4563.
[21]XIE G,LOUZGUINE-LUZGIN D V,WAKAI F,et al.Microstructure and properties of ceramic particulate reinforced metallic glassy matrix composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering[J].Materials Science&Engineering B,2008,148(1/3):77-81.
[22]HUME-ROTHERY W.The structure of metals and alloys[J].Institute of Metals,1962,13(2):161-167.