稀土La在Fe基合金γ相晶界的扩散行为
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摘要
以Fe-La合金为扩散偶,对稀土镧在纯铁奥氏体晶界的扩散行为进行研究。采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机完成γ-Fe区系列扩散焊接试验,借助扫描电镜观察显微组织,并利用能谱仪进行成分测定及分析。在此基础上,根据相应的扩散公式计算稀土La在γ-Fe区的扩散系数与扩散激活能。结果表明,晶界是La在铁基体中的主要扩散路径。温度越高,稀土La在晶界处越容易扩散。1000、1050、1100和1200℃时La在纯铁奥氏体晶界的扩散系数分别为2.806×10~(-14)、3.297×10~(-14)、1.469×10~(-13)和2.452×10~(-13)m~2/s。La在γ-Fe晶界的扩散系数公式为D=4.3×10~(-8)exp(-119 000/RT)。
Diffusion behavior of lanthanum in the austenitic grain boundary of pure iron was investigated based on the Fe-La alloy diffusion couples. Diffusion bonding of γ-Fe phase region was conducted by Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulation machine,microstructure was observed through scanning electron microscope,and the composition was determined and analyzed by means of EDS. Based on this,calculation formulas were carried out to obtain the diffusion coefficient and the activation energy for diffusion of lanthanum in the γ-Fe grain region. The results show that the grain boundaries are main diffusion paths of lanthanum in iron matrix. The higher the temperature,the easier diffusion of lanthanum along grain boundaries. The diffusion coefficients of lanthanum in the austenitic grain boundary of pure iron are calculated as 2. 806 × 10~(-14),3. 297 × 10~(-14),1. 469 × 10~(-13) and 2. 452 × 10~(-13) m~2/s at 1000,1050,1100 and 1200 ℃,respectively. The diffusion coefficient formula of lanthanum in γ-Fe boundary is calculated as D = 4. 3 × 10~(-8) exp(-119 000/RT).
Diffusion behavior of lanthanum in the austenitic grain boundary of pure iron was investigated based on the Fe-La alloy diffusion couples. Diffusion bonding of γ-Fe phase region was conducted by Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulation machine,microstructure was observed through scanning electron microscope,and the composition was determined and analyzed by means of EDS. Based on this,calculation formulas were carried out to obtain the diffusion coefficient and the activation energy for diffusion of lanthanum in the γ-Fe grain region. The results show that the grain boundaries are main diffusion paths of lanthanum in iron matrix. The higher the temperature,the easier diffusion of lanthanum along grain boundaries. The diffusion coefficients of lanthanum in the austenitic grain boundary of pure iron are calculated as 2. 806 × 10~(-14),3. 297 × 10~(-14),1. 469 × 10~(-13) and 2. 452 × 10~(-13) m~2/s at 1000,1050,1100 and 1200 ℃,respectively. The diffusion coefficient formula of lanthanum in γ-Fe boundary is calculated as D = 4. 3 × 10~(-8) exp(-119 000/RT).
引文
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[2]王朝毅,金自力,郝柳,等.镧对高强IF钢连续退火过程中再结晶行为的影响[J].金属热处理,2017,42(7):14-17.Wang Chaoyi,Jin Zili,Hao Liu,et al.Effect of Lanthanum on recrystallization behavior of high strength IF steel during continuous annealing[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2017,42(7):14-17.
[3]耿宽宽,方琪,董元,等.稀土对低碳高铌钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸及Nb、Ti固溶的影响[J].金属热处理,2016,41(1):106-110.Geng Kuankuan,Fang Qi,Dong Yuan,et al.Effect of RE on austenite grain size and Nb-Ti solid solution for low carbon high niobium steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2016,41(1):106-110.
[4]Golmakaniyoon S,Mahmudi R.Comparison of the effects of La-and Ce-rich rare earth additions on the microstructure,creep resistance,and high-temperature mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-3Cu cast alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2011,528(15):5228-5233.
[5]刘贵立,张国英,李荣德.钢中晶界区稀土元素与杂质交互作用的电子理论研究[J].中国稀土学报,2002,20(5):444-446.Liu Guili,Zhang Guoying,Li Rongde.Theoretical study of the interaction between rare earth elements and impurities at grain boundaries in steel[J].Journal of the Chinese Rare Earth Society,2002,20(5):444-446.
[6]王海燕,高雪云,任慧平,等.稀土La在α-Fe中占位倾向及对晶界影响的第一性原理研究[J].物理学报,2014,63(14):369-373.Wang Haiyan,Gao Xueyun,Ren Huiping,et al.First-principles characterization of lanthanum occupying tendency inα-Fe and effect ongrain boundaries[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2014,63(14):369-373.
[7]王海燕,任慧平,高雪云.金属材料微观组织的电子结构理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[8]Kodentsov A A,Bastin G F,Loo F J J V.The diffusion couple technique in phase diagram determination[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2001,320(2):207-217.
[9]冯亮,李金山,黄磊,等.Ti-Mo二元合金在β相区的互扩散行为[J].中国有色金属学报,2009,19(10):1766-1771.Feng Liang,Li Jinshan,Huang Lei,et al.Interdiffusion behavior of Ti-Mo binary system inβphase[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2009,19(10):1766-1771.
[10]Xue Z,Yang Q,Gu L,et al.Diffusion bonding of Ti Al based alloy to Ti-6Al-4V alloy using amorphous interlayer[J].Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik,2015,46(1):40-46.
[11]储爱民,蒋学智,高春贵.微合金化纯净钢中稀土元素的作用[J].有色金属工程,2010,62(1):18-20.Chu Aimin,Jiang Xuezhi,Gao Chungui.Effect of RE on micro alloying pure steel[J].Nonferrous Metals,2010,62(1):18-20.
[12]章清泉,胡博炜.均匀化退火对改善Hastelloy C276合金成分均匀性的影响[J].金属材料研究,2012(3):1-5.Zhang Qingquan,Hu Bowei.Effect of diffusion annealing on composition uniformity of hastelloy C276 ingot[J].Procedia Engineering,2012,38(3):1-5.
[13]戴永年.二元合金相图集[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[14]周玉.材料分析方法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[15]陈树明,王海燕,张红伟,等.稀土镧在Fe-La合金系中的晶界扩散行为[J].特殊钢,2016,37(5):14-16.Chen Shuming,Wang Haiyan,Zhang Hongwei,et al.Diffusion behavior of rare earth element lanthanum in grain boundaries of Fe-La alloy series[J].Special Steel,2016,37(5):14-16.
[16]庞晓轩,尹昌耕,陈建刚,等.U-Mo/Nb扩散偶中扩散系数的测定[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2010,39(12):131-133.Pang Xiaoxuan,Yin Changgeng,Chen Jiangang,et al.Measurement of diffusion coefficient in diffusion couple of U-Mo/Nb[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2010,39(12):131-133.
[17]Wu Yongquan,Lu Xiuming,Shen Tong.Arrhenius relationship and two-step scheme in AF hyperdynamics simulation of diffusion of Mg/Zn interface[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2013,23(2):508-516.
[18]余永宁.材料科学基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012.