浅层高陡构造成像影响因素分析
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摘要
库车坳陷浅层高陡构造区存在严重的浅层成像问题,制约了气田开发进程,亟待解决浅层成像问题从而提高深层目的层成像效果。以分析影响浅层高陡构造成像的因素为主要目标,借助波动方程模型正演及地震采集资料比对,首先分析了浅层高陡构造成像特征和倾斜界面反射波特征,然后重点分析了成像方法、偏移孔径、速度精度、起伏地表以及地震采集观测系统参数对浅层高陡构造成像的影响,认识到成像方法、偏移孔径、速度精度、起伏地表以及地震采集观测系统中的面元尺寸、炮道密度和采集孔径都是影响浅层高陡构造成像的重要因素,该认识对在地震采集设计及处理中改善浅层高陡构造成像有指导意义。
There are serious shallow imaging problems in the shallow high-steep tectonic area of Kuqa depres-sion, which restricts the development process of gas field, and urgently needs to solve the shallow imaging prob-lem so as to improve the imaging effect of deep target zone. This paper analyzes the influence factors of shallowhigh-steep structural imaging as the main target, by means of wave equation forward modeling and seismic acqui-sition data comparison, first analyzes the shallow high-steep structural imaging characteristics and dip interfacereflection characteristics, then analyses the influences of imaging method, migration aperture and speed accura-cy, rolling surface and seismic acquisition topography parameters to the shallow high-steep structural imaging,realize imaging method, migration aperture, speed accuracy, rolling surface and seismic acquisition geometry inthe bin size, density and acquisition aperture are important factors influencing the shallow high-steep structuralimaging. The understanding is significant for improving the shallow high-steep structural imaging in the designof seismic acquisition geometry and processing.
There are serious shallow imaging problems in the shallow high-steep tectonic area of Kuqa depres-sion, which restricts the development process of gas field, and urgently needs to solve the shallow imaging prob-lem so as to improve the imaging effect of deep target zone. This paper analyzes the influence factors of shallowhigh-steep structural imaging as the main target, by means of wave equation forward modeling and seismic acqui-sition data comparison, first analyzes the shallow high-steep structural imaging characteristics and dip interfacereflection characteristics, then analyses the influences of imaging method, migration aperture and speed accura-cy, rolling surface and seismic acquisition topography parameters to the shallow high-steep structural imaging,realize imaging method, migration aperture, speed accuracy, rolling surface and seismic acquisition geometry inthe bin size, density and acquisition aperture are important factors influencing the shallow high-steep structuralimaging. The understanding is significant for improving the shallow high-steep structural imaging in the designof seismic acquisition geometry and processing.
引文
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[14]王海,赵会欣,晋志刚.观测系统对高密度地震采集资料的影响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(2):131-135.
[15]王正军,秦鑫,夏建军.覆盖密度对准东致密油藏成像响应的影响[J].新疆石油天然气,2014,10(4):24-27,52.
[16]彭晓,李献民,夏建军,等.覆盖密度对叠前偏移成像效果的影响[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(1):105-108.
[17]刘文霞,王艳华,王媛,等.叠前时间偏移的偏移孔径与采集孔径的关系分析[J].海相油气地质,2011,16(4):66-70.
[2]冯许魁.山前复杂高陡构造地震成像关键技术[D].成都:成都理工大学,2015.
[3]孔德政,于敏杰,刘新文,等.两宽一高地震采集技术在复杂山前带的应用及效果分析[J].新疆石油天然气,2016,12(1):33-38.
[4]梁向豪,孔德政,黄有晖,等.复杂构造三维地震勘探观测宽度与接收线距选择分析[J].天然气勘探与开发,2015(2):27-30.
[5]王永明,王彦春,冯许魁,等.应用模型正演方法分析观测系统对复杂构造区的影响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(4):580-587.
[6]曹务祥.高空间密度采样资料分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(3):178-182.
[7]王招明,夏义平,梁向豪,等.库车前陆冲断带复杂山地地震勘探技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社.2012.
[8]梁向豪,周旭,蔡明,等.复杂山地高密度宽线地震采集技术及应用效果[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(4):69-74.
[9]孔德政,周旭,周小伟,等.复杂山地高陡构造区高密度宽线地震采集技术研究[A].中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院,天然气文集[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2016:43-47.
[10]能源,谢会文,李勇,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷中部构造变性样式及分布特征[J].地震科学,2012,47(3):629-639.
[11]漆家福,李勇,吴超,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷收缩构造变形模型若干问题的讨论[J].中国地质,2013,40(1):106-120.
[12]李可恩,熊小军,杨俊.高速屏蔽层下地震数据的采集[J].天然气地球物理勘探,2006,17(4):527-531.
[13](美)渥·伊尔玛兹.地震资料分析—地震资料处理、反演和解释[M].刘怀山,等译.北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
[14]王海,赵会欣,晋志刚.观测系统对高密度地震采集资料的影响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(2):131-135.
[15]王正军,秦鑫,夏建军.覆盖密度对准东致密油藏成像响应的影响[J].新疆石油天然气,2014,10(4):24-27,52.
[16]彭晓,李献民,夏建军,等.覆盖密度对叠前偏移成像效果的影响[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(1):105-108.
[17]刘文霞,王艳华,王媛,等.叠前时间偏移的偏移孔径与采集孔径的关系分析[J].海相油气地质,2011,16(4):66-70.