4种基因型猕猴桃对淹水胁迫的生理响应及耐涝性评价
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摘要
【目的】研究淹水胁迫下4种基因型猕猴桃的形态变化及生理响应,以筛选耐涝种质资源,并初步分析猕猴桃耐涝的生理机制。【方法】采用"双套盆"法模拟淹水胁迫,对大籽猕猴桃'KR2’、对萼猕猴桃'KR5’、美味猕猴桃'15-13’及软枣猕猴桃'永丰一号’的两年生组培盆栽苗进行淹水处理,通过统计涝害指数观察淹水对此4种猕猴桃属植物形态的影响,同时通过测定根系活力、叶片光合能力及根系低氧伤害相关指标研究淹水对猕猴桃属4种植物生理代谢的影响,并通过隶属函数法综合评价4份材料的耐涝性。【结果】随着淹水胁迫时间的延长,4种猕猴桃属植物的涝害指数均呈现逐渐上升的趋势,根系活力逐渐下降,光合相关指标呈现先上升后下降的趋势,超氧阴离子产生速率、过氧化氢及丙二醛含量总体呈现逐渐上升的趋势。但在整个淹水胁迫期间',KR2'’KR5’仍能保持较高的根系活力与光合能力,且受到的低氧伤害较小。隶属函数法综合评价结果表明,4种猕猴桃属植物的耐涝性顺序为':KR2’>'KR5’>'15-13’>'永丰一号’。【结论】4种猕猴桃中',KR2’和'KR5’的耐涝性较强',15-13’和'永丰一号’属不耐涝猕猴桃。耐涝猕猴桃在涝害胁迫下可以缓解低氧伤害,维持自身的根系活力,保证地上部的健康生长,进而保证地上部叶片高水平的光合能力,从而表现出较强的耐涝性。
【Objective】Water is very important for the growth and development of plants. Actinidia is ex-tremely sensitive to water stress because of its fleshy and shallow root system, and is one of the mostwaterlogging-intolerant fruit trees. Due to the large annual rainfall and viscous soil in the south area ofChina and the heavy rain in summer of Northern China, the orchard is prone to waterlogging because ofthe poor drainage. Waterlogging is an important factor restricting kiwifruit production. As kiwifruit ismostly propagated by grafting. The waterlogging-tolerance of rootstock directly affects the growth anddevelopment of scions of kiwifruit. However, breeding of waterlogging-tolerant kiwifruit rootstock doesnot receive enough attention at present. There is a shortage of waterlogging-tolerant rootstocks of kiwi-fruit in production. The objectives of this research were to screen waterlogging-tolerance germplasm re-sources and analyze the physiological responses to waterlogging stress in four species of Actinidia.Based on the study, waterlogging-tolerance genotypes would be recommended for kiwifruit production.【Methods】Two-year-old potted-plantlets of four kiwifruit species, Actinidia macrosperma'KR2', A.valvata'KR5', A. chinensis var. deliciosa'15-13'and A. arguta'Yongfeng 1', were used as experi-mental materials. We created waterlogging condition artificially by using the"double basin"method, inwhich the potted-plantlets were placed into a large plastic container, and the whole roots were sub-merged. The sampling was conducted 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 d and 14 d after implementation of waterloggingstress. Root activity was determined using fresh samples, and other samples were frozen in liquid nitro-gen and stored at-80 ℃. We studied the influences of waterlogging stress on the mophologic changecharacteristics including waterlogging index, root activity, net photosynthesis rate(Pn), transpiration(Tr), stomatal conductance(Gs), superoxide anion(O2-), hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2) and malondialdehyde(MDA) of the four kiwifruit genotypes. According to the changes of each index in response to waterlog-ging stress, we analyzed the waterlogging-tolerance of the four species of Actinidia. Comprehensiveevaluation on waterlogging tolerance of the four species of Actinidia was conducted by using the meth-od of membership function.【Results】With the prolongation of waterlogging, the waterlogging index ofthe four species of Actinidia increased and the root activity decreased gradually.'15-13'and'Yong-feng1'showed obvious symptoms after 10 days of waterlogging stress. The leaves were yellowing andwilting, and the roots were blacking and became rotted. By fourteen days of waterlogging stress, all theplantlets of'Yongfeng 1'had been dead, and by 21 days of waterlogging stress, all the plantlets of'15-13'had been dead. However, the plantlets of'KR2'and'KR5'basically kept healthy; only some ofthe leaves became yellowing at the margin, and only some of the root tips became black but not rotted.At the later stage of waterlogging treatment,'Yongfeng 1'and'15-13'had extremely low root activi-ty, but,'KR2'and'KR5'maintained higher root activity. The photosynthetic indexes(Pn, Trand Gs)increased firstly and then decreased under waterlogging stress generally. By the tenth days of waterlog-ging stress,'Yongfeng1'had lost photosynthetic capacity, and the values of three(Pn, Trand Gs) index-es were close to 0.'15-13'also lost photosynthetic capacity, while'KR2'and'KR5'still maintainedat a high level of photosynthesis after 14 days of stress. The contents of O2-, H2 O2 and MDA showed anincreasing trend during the stress in general. The contents of O2-, H2 O2 and MDA in'Yongfeng 1'and'15-13'increased significantly during waterlogging stress. However, they maintained relatively stablein'KR2'and'KR5', and there was no significant difference compared to control. Four genotypes ofkiwifruit had significant differences in hypoxia-tolerance. Through the comprehensive evaluation usingmembership function, the waterlogging tolerance of the four kiwifruit genotypes was in the order of'KR2'>'KR5'>'15-13'>'Yongfeng 1'.【Conclusion】'KR2'and'KR5'could keep higher rootactivity, strong photosynthetic capacity and small hypoxia injury under waterlogging stress. Therefore,'KR2'and'KR5'are waterlogging tolerant, and'Yongfeng 1'and'15-13'are sensitive to waterlog-ging stress. The waterlogging-tolerant genotypes of kiwifruit have the ability to alleviate active oxygendamage to maintain root activity during waterlogging stress.
【Objective】Water is very important for the growth and development of plants. Actinidia is ex-tremely sensitive to water stress because of its fleshy and shallow root system, and is one of the mostwaterlogging-intolerant fruit trees. Due to the large annual rainfall and viscous soil in the south area ofChina and the heavy rain in summer of Northern China, the orchard is prone to waterlogging because ofthe poor drainage. Waterlogging is an important factor restricting kiwifruit production. As kiwifruit ismostly propagated by grafting. The waterlogging-tolerance of rootstock directly affects the growth anddevelopment of scions of kiwifruit. However, breeding of waterlogging-tolerant kiwifruit rootstock doesnot receive enough attention at present. There is a shortage of waterlogging-tolerant rootstocks of kiwi-fruit in production. The objectives of this research were to screen waterlogging-tolerance germplasm re-sources and analyze the physiological responses to waterlogging stress in four species of Actinidia.Based on the study, waterlogging-tolerance genotypes would be recommended for kiwifruit production.【Methods】Two-year-old potted-plantlets of four kiwifruit species, Actinidia macrosperma'KR2', A.valvata'KR5', A. chinensis var. deliciosa'15-13'and A. arguta'Yongfeng 1', were used as experi-mental materials. We created waterlogging condition artificially by using the"double basin"method, inwhich the potted-plantlets were placed into a large plastic container, and the whole roots were sub-merged. The sampling was conducted 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 d and 14 d after implementation of waterloggingstress. Root activity was determined using fresh samples, and other samples were frozen in liquid nitro-gen and stored at-80 ℃. We studied the influences of waterlogging stress on the mophologic changecharacteristics including waterlogging index, root activity, net photosynthesis rate(Pn), transpiration(Tr), stomatal conductance(Gs), superoxide anion(O2-), hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2) and malondialdehyde(MDA) of the four kiwifruit genotypes. According to the changes of each index in response to waterlog-ging stress, we analyzed the waterlogging-tolerance of the four species of Actinidia. Comprehensiveevaluation on waterlogging tolerance of the four species of Actinidia was conducted by using the meth-od of membership function.【Results】With the prolongation of waterlogging, the waterlogging index ofthe four species of Actinidia increased and the root activity decreased gradually.'15-13'and'Yong-feng1'showed obvious symptoms after 10 days of waterlogging stress. The leaves were yellowing andwilting, and the roots were blacking and became rotted. By fourteen days of waterlogging stress, all theplantlets of'Yongfeng 1'had been dead, and by 21 days of waterlogging stress, all the plantlets of'15-13'had been dead. However, the plantlets of'KR2'and'KR5'basically kept healthy; only some ofthe leaves became yellowing at the margin, and only some of the root tips became black but not rotted.At the later stage of waterlogging treatment,'Yongfeng 1'and'15-13'had extremely low root activi-ty, but,'KR2'and'KR5'maintained higher root activity. The photosynthetic indexes(Pn, Trand Gs)increased firstly and then decreased under waterlogging stress generally. By the tenth days of waterlog-ging stress,'Yongfeng1'had lost photosynthetic capacity, and the values of three(Pn, Trand Gs) index-es were close to 0.'15-13'also lost photosynthetic capacity, while'KR2'and'KR5'still maintainedat a high level of photosynthesis after 14 days of stress. The contents of O2-, H2 O2 and MDA showed anincreasing trend during the stress in general. The contents of O2-, H2 O2 and MDA in'Yongfeng 1'and'15-13'increased significantly during waterlogging stress. However, they maintained relatively stablein'KR2'and'KR5', and there was no significant difference compared to control. Four genotypes ofkiwifruit had significant differences in hypoxia-tolerance. Through the comprehensive evaluation usingmembership function, the waterlogging tolerance of the four kiwifruit genotypes was in the order of'KR2'>'KR5'>'15-13'>'Yongfeng 1'.【Conclusion】'KR2'and'KR5'could keep higher rootactivity, strong photosynthetic capacity and small hypoxia injury under waterlogging stress. Therefore,'KR2'and'KR5'are waterlogging tolerant, and'Yongfeng 1'and'15-13'are sensitive to waterlog-ging stress. The waterlogging-tolerant genotypes of kiwifruit have the ability to alleviate active oxygendamage to maintain root activity during waterlogging stress.
引文
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[2] JACKSON M B,ARMSTRONG W. Formation of aerenchymaand the processes of plant ventilation in relation to soil floodingand submergence[J]. Plant Biology,1999,1(3):274-287.
[3]张建华.水稻生长过程对涝害的响复模型研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2013.ZHANG Jianhua. A study on the response and recovery of mod-els of rice growth processes to waterlogging disaster[D]. Fu-zhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2013.
[4]向镜,陈惠哲,张玉屏,张义凯,朱德峰.淹涝条件下水温对水稻幼苗形态和生理的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(5):525-531.XIANG Jing,CHEN Huizhe,ZHANG Yuping,ZHANG Yikai,ZHU Defeng. Morphological and physiological response of riceseedlings to water temperature under complete submergence[J].China Journal Rice Science,2016,30(5):525-531.
[5]尹冬梅.菊花近缘种属植物涝性评价及耐涝机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.YIN Dongmei. Evaluation on waterlogging tolerance and itsmechanisms in chrysanthemum morifolium and its related spe-cies[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2011.
[6]徐子棋,饶良懿,朱金兆,赵洋.水淹胁迫下饲料桑苗的生长及光合响应[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(22):105-114.XU Ziqi,RAO Liangyi,ZHU Jinzhao,ZHAO Yang. Growth andphotosynthesis characteristics of mulberry under flooding stress[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engi-neering,2015,31(22):105-114.
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