坚硬顶板工作面高静载型冲击地压防治研究
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摘要
为研究坚硬顶板综放工作面冲击地压的主控因素和防治技术,采用微震监测系统和冲击地压应力监测系统通过分源监测分析,研究了工作面冲击地压发生的主控因素,并针对主控因素开展了防冲击地压实践。结果表明:冲击地压主控因素为高静载、强矿震和低支护强度。实体煤侧静载为30.16～84.48 MPa、煤柱静载为27.84～41.04 MPa,易达到发生冲击地压临界载荷;顶板破断前后,常引起高能事件的发生,以动载的形式作用,加剧煤体的应力集中;多因素使得发生冲击显现的巷道变形区域的支护强度比较低。开展了现场控制实践,煤体卸压分阶段多轮动态卸压,对顶板进行深孔预裂爆破,采用锚索梁加强支护,措施实施后大能量矿震发生时,提高了巷道抵抗冲击能力,降低了矿震诱发巷道变形的频次和强度。
In order to study the main control factors and prevention techniques of rock burst in hard roof fully mechanized top coal caving mining face,microseismic monitoring system and rock burst monitoring system were used to study the main controlling factors of rock burst in the working face.The results show that the main factors of rock burst are high static load,strong mine shock and low support strength.The static load of the solid coal is 30.16 ～ 84.48 MPa and the static load of the coal pillar is 27.84 ～ 41.04 MPa,which is easy to reach the critical stress of rock burst.Events with high energy often occur before and after the roof break,and the stress concentration of the coal body is intensified by the dynamic load.Many factors made the supporting strength of roadway bump area relatively low.The field control practice was carried out,multiple stages of the coal seam blasting released stress,the roof was subjected to deep-hole pre-splitting blasting and the anchor cable beam was used to strengthen the support.When large energy mine earthquake happened,the roadway bump resistance ability was improved.The frequency and intensity of deformation induced by mine earthquakes were greatly reduced.
In order to study the main control factors and prevention techniques of rock burst in hard roof fully mechanized top coal caving mining face,microseismic monitoring system and rock burst monitoring system were used to study the main controlling factors of rock burst in the working face.The results show that the main factors of rock burst are high static load,strong mine shock and low support strength.The static load of the solid coal is 30.16 ～ 84.48 MPa and the static load of the coal pillar is 27.84 ～ 41.04 MPa,which is easy to reach the critical stress of rock burst.Events with high energy often occur before and after the roof break,and the stress concentration of the coal body is intensified by the dynamic load.Many factors made the supporting strength of roadway bump area relatively low.The field control practice was carried out,multiple stages of the coal seam blasting released stress,the roof was subjected to deep-hole pre-splitting blasting and the anchor cable beam was used to strengthen the support.When large energy mine earthquake happened,the roadway bump resistance ability was improved.The frequency and intensity of deformation induced by mine earthquakes were greatly reduced.
引文
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[15]潘俊锋.煤矿冲击地压启动理论及其成套技术体系研究[J].煤炭学报,2019,44(1):173-182.PAN Junfeng.Theory of rock burst start-up and itscomplete technology system[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2019,44(1):173-182.
[16]高明仕,窦林名,张农,等.冲击地压巷道围岩控制的强弱强力学模型及其应用分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(2):359-364.GAO Mingshi,DOU Linming,ZHANG Nong,et al. Strong-soft strong mechanical model for controlling roadway surrounding rock subjected to rock burst and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(2):359-364.
[17]张自政,柏建彪,陈勇,等.浅孔爆破机制及其在厚层坚硬顶板沿空留巷中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(S1):3008-3017.ZHANG Zizheng,BAI Jianbiao,CHEN Yong,et al. Shallow-hole blasting mechanism and its application for gob-side entry retaining with thick and hard roof[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(S1):3008-3017.
[18]冯彦军,康红普.定向水力压裂控制煤矿坚硬难垮顶板试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1148-1155.FENG Yanjun,KANG Hongpu. Test on hard and stable roof control by means of directional hydraulic fracturing in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1148-1155.
[19]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[2]窦林名,何学秋.冲击地压防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001.
[3]吕进国,姜耀东,李守国,等.巨厚坚硬顶板条件下断层诱冲特征及机制[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(10):1961-1969.LYU Jinguo,JIANG Yaodong,LI Shouguo,et al.Characteristics and mechanism research of coal bumps induced by faults based on extra thick and hard roof[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(10):1961-1969.
[4]李新元,马念杰,钟亚平,等.坚硬顶板断裂过程中弹性能量积聚与释放的分布规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(S1):2786-2793.LI Xinyuan,MA Nianjie,ZHONG Yaping,et al.Storage and release regular of elastic energy distribution in tight roof fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S1):2786-2793.
[5]苗小虎,姜福兴,王存文,等.微地震监测揭示的矿震诱发冲击地压机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(6):971-976.MIAO Xiaohu,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Cunwen,et al.Mechanism of microseism induced rock burst revealed by microseismic monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(6):971-976.
[6]曹安业,范军,牟宗龙,等.矿震动载对围岩的冲击破坏效应[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2006-2010.CAO Anye,FAN Jun,MU Zonglong,et al. Burst failure effect of mining induced tremor on roadway surrounding rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2006-2010.
[7]牟宗龙,窦林名,张广文,等.坚硬顶版型冲击地压灾害防治研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(6):737-741.MU Zonglong,DOU Linming,ZHANG Guangwen,et al. Study of prevention methods of rock burst disaster caused by hard rock roof[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2006,35(6):737-741.
[8]何江,窦林名,巩思园,等.倾斜薄煤层切顶巷预裂顶板防治冲击地压技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1347-1352.HE Jiang,DOU Linming,GONG Siyuan,et al. Research on rock burst prevention technology of roof-cutting roadway in inclined thin coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1347-1352.
[9]王金鑫.深孔预裂爆破在综放工作面坚硬顶板控制中的试验研究[J].煤矿安全,2018,49(1):73-75.WANG Jinxin.Experimental study on deep-hole pre-splitting explosion in hard roof control of fully mechanized caving face[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2018,49(1):73-75.
[10]蒋军军,邓志刚,赵善坤,等.动载荷诱发卸荷煤体冲击失稳动态响应机制探讨[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(7):41-47,92.JIANG Junjun,DENG Zhigang,ZHAO Shankun,et al. Discussion on dynamic response mechanism of dynamic load-induced unloading coal[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(7):41-47,92.
[11]窦林名,何江,曹安业,等.煤矿冲击地压动静载叠加原理及其防治[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(7):1469-1476.DOU Linming,HE Jiang,CAO Anye,et al. Rock burst prevention methods based on theory of dynamic and static combined load induced in coal mine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(7):1469-1476.
[12]姜耀东,潘一山,姜福兴,等.我国煤炭开采中的冲击地压机理和防治[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):205-213.Jiang Yaodong,Pan Yishan,Jiang Fuxing,et al. State of the art review on mechanism and prevention of coal bumps in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):205-213.
[13]何江,窦林名,王崧玮,等.坚硬顶板诱发冲击地压机理及类型研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报.2017,34(6):1121-1127.HE Jiang,DOU Linming,WANG Songwei,et al. Study on mechanism and types of hard roof inducing rock burst[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(6):1121-1127.
[14]陆菜平,窦林名,王耀峰,等.坚硬顶板诱发煤体冲击破坏的微震效应[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(2):450-456.LU Caiping,DOU Linming,WANG Yaofeng,et al. Microseismic effect of coal materials rock burst failure induced by hard roof[J].Chinese Journal of Geophys,2010,53(2):450-456.
[15]潘俊锋.煤矿冲击地压启动理论及其成套技术体系研究[J].煤炭学报,2019,44(1):173-182.PAN Junfeng.Theory of rock burst start-up and itscomplete technology system[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2019,44(1):173-182.
[16]高明仕,窦林名,张农,等.冲击地压巷道围岩控制的强弱强力学模型及其应用分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(2):359-364.GAO Mingshi,DOU Linming,ZHANG Nong,et al. Strong-soft strong mechanical model for controlling roadway surrounding rock subjected to rock burst and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(2):359-364.
[17]张自政,柏建彪,陈勇,等.浅孔爆破机制及其在厚层坚硬顶板沿空留巷中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(S1):3008-3017.ZHANG Zizheng,BAI Jianbiao,CHEN Yong,et al. Shallow-hole blasting mechanism and its application for gob-side entry retaining with thick and hard roof[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(S1):3008-3017.
[18]冯彦军,康红普.定向水力压裂控制煤矿坚硬难垮顶板试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1148-1155.FENG Yanjun,KANG Hongpu. Test on hard and stable roof control by means of directional hydraulic fracturing in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1148-1155.
[19]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.