CVT谐波测量仿真分析
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摘要
通常认为电容式电压互感器(CVT)在谐波环境下,尤其在高频谐波环境下,因其工作特性,无法准确反映一次侧电压信号,更无法用于谐波含量测量。现有研究大部分通过建立CVT模型,研究其传递函数特性,以及分析模型中各个参数对传递函数的影响,期望获得比较准确的谐波传递特性。本文通过建立CVT的高频等效模型,利用PSCAD仿真,求取模型传递函数,然后利用最小二乘法,在Matlab中通过处理仿真获得二次侧信号数据恢复出一次侧信号,对比原始输入信号,无论是整体误差还是各个频次误差都较小,符合实际需求。且仿真所用谐波范围较广,不仅具有仿真对比意义,对于稳态运行下利用CVT检测系统一次侧电压具有实际应用价值。
It is generally accepted that capacitor voltage transformer(CVT),at harmonic environment and particularly at high frequency harmonic environment, has no way to reflect the voltage signal of the primary side and even not perform harmonic contents measurement due to its operation feature. The most existing study is to study its transfer function characteristic by way of setting up CVT model,analyze the influence of each parameter on the transfer function in the model so as to obtain accurate harmonic transfer feature. In this paper, the transfer function of the model is calculated through setting up high frequency equivalent model of CVT and by the use of PSCAD simulation, then the least square method is used to obtain the signal data of the secondary side by way of processing the simulation in MATLAB to recover the signal of the primary side, compare the original input signal either in global error or the error at each frequency can comply with actual need. Moreover, the harmonic range for simulation is wide, which has significance not only in simulation comparison, but also has actual application value in detecting the voltage of the primary side with CVT under steady operation.
It is generally accepted that capacitor voltage transformer(CVT),at harmonic environment and particularly at high frequency harmonic environment, has no way to reflect the voltage signal of the primary side and even not perform harmonic contents measurement due to its operation feature. The most existing study is to study its transfer function characteristic by way of setting up CVT model,analyze the influence of each parameter on the transfer function in the model so as to obtain accurate harmonic transfer feature. In this paper, the transfer function of the model is calculated through setting up high frequency equivalent model of CVT and by the use of PSCAD simulation, then the least square method is used to obtain the signal data of the secondary side by way of processing the simulation in MATLAB to recover the signal of the primary side, compare the original input signal either in global error or the error at each frequency can comply with actual need. Moreover, the harmonic range for simulation is wide, which has significance not only in simulation comparison, but also has actual application value in detecting the voltage of the primary side with CVT under steady operation.
引文
[1]王德忠,王季梅.电容式电压互感器速饱和点抗性阻尼器的研究[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(1):41-46.WANG Dezhong,WANG Jimei.A study of the protective device with inductor in series resistance for capacitor voltage transformer[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2000,15(1):41-46.
[2]熊小伏,周家启,周永忠.基于迭加原理的CVT暂态特性矫正新方法[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(8):107-111.XIONG Xiaofu,ZHOU Jiaqi,ZHOU Yongzhong.A new method of correcting transient characteristics of capacitive voltage transformer using principle of superposition[J].Transactionsof China Electrotechenical Society,2006,21(8):107-111.
[3]邬林勇,何正友,钱清泉.利用CVT二次信号的频域行波故障测距方法[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(8):73-82.WU Linyong,HE Zhengyou,QIAN Qingquan.Frequency domain traveling wave fault location method using CVT's secondary signals[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(8):73-82.
[4]房金兰.关于电容式电压互感器技术发展的探讨[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2013,34(1):1-6.FANG Jinlan.Discussion on technical development of capacitor voltage transformers[J].Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2013,34(1):1-6.
[5]闵伟,周志宇,周振华.改进型Sage-Husa卡尔曼滤波器在电压暂降检测中的应用[J].电网技术,2013,37(1):230-234.MIN Wei,ZHOU Zhiyu,ZHOU Zhenhua.Application of improved Sage-Husa Kalman Filter in voltage sag detection[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(1):230-234.
[6]林德清,顾伟,王元凯,等.基于动态时间弯曲空间距离度量的电能质量综合评估[J].电网技术,2013,37(2):562-567.LIN Deqing,GU Wei,WANG Yuankai,et al.Synthetic evaluation of power quality based on dynamic time warping spatial distance measurement[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(2):562-567.
[7]侯世英,张文玉,孙韬,等.基于正交优化时频原子分解算法的电能质量扰动匹配特征分析[J].电网技术,2013,37(3):647-652.HOU Shiying,ZHANG Wenyu,SUN Tao,et al.Analysis on matching features of power quality disturbances based on orthogonal optimization of time-frequency atom decomposition[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(3):647-652.
[8]黄建明,吴春华,许富强.基于相序解耦谐振控制器的基波正序电压相位检测方法[J].电网技术,2013,37(3):667-672.HUANG Jianming,WU Chunhua,XU Fuqiang.Phase detection of fundamental positive sequence voltage based on sequence-decoupled resonant controller[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(3):667-672.
[9]李泓泽,郭森,唐辉,等.基于改进变权物元可拓模型的电能质量综合评价[J].电网技术,2013,37(3):653-659.LI Hongze,GUO Sen,TANG Hui,et al.Comprehensive evaluation on power quality based on improved matter-element extension model with variable weight[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(3):653-659.
[10]何国军,朱云芳,戴朝华,等.基于差分进化的时频原子分解方法在电气化铁路谐波检测中的应用[J].电网技术,2012,36(12):211-216.HE Guojun,ZHU Yunfang,DAI Chaohua,et al.Application of differential evolution-based time-frequency atom decomposition in harmonic detection of electrified railway[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(12):211-216.
[11]汪颖,肖先勇,杨达.敏感设备电压暂降失效事件不确定性的最大混合熵评估[J].电网技术,2012,36(11):159-164.WANG Ying,XIAO Xianyong,YANG Da.Uncertainty assessment on failure accident of voltage-sensitive equipment due to voltage sag by maximum hybrid entropy[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(11):159-164.
[12]电能质量公用电网谐波:GB/T 14549—1993[S].1993.Quality of electric energy supply-Harmonics in public supply network:GB/T 14549-1993[S].1993.
[13]穆淑云.电容式电压互感器暂态性能的仿真计算[J].电力电容器,2001(1):8-13.MU Shuyun.The numerical simulation of transient property of CVT[J].Dianli Dianrongqi,2001(1):8-13.
[14]姚晓健,蔡祖安,陈红.电容式电压互感器的高频暂态特性仿真分析[J].湖南电力,2012,31(2):13-15.YAO Xiaojian,CAI Zuan,CHEN Hong.Simulation analysis on high frequency transient for CVT[J].Hunan Electric Power,2012,31(2):13-15.
[15]王斯斯,刘宇,熊俊,等.一起500 k V电容式电压互感器电容击穿故障分析[J].广东电力,2017,30(1):126-130.WANG Sisi,LIU Yu,XIONG Jun,et al.Analysis on breakdown of 500 k V capacitor voltage transformer[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2017,30(1):126-130.
[16]甘磊,张哲,尹项根.基于电容式电压互感器二次信号的行波故障定位方法[J].电网技术,2006,30(5):101-105.GAN Lei,ZHANG Zhe,YIN Xianggen.Travelling-wave fault location method based on secondary signal of CVT[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(5):101-105.
[17]郜洪亮,李琼林,余晓鹏,等.电容式电压互感器的谐波传递特性研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(11):3125-3130.GAO Hongliang,LI Qionglin,YU Xiaopeng,et al.Harmonic transfer characteristic of capacitor voltage transformer[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(11):3125-3130.
[18]李琳,段晓波,刘观起,等.110 k V电容式电压互感器谐波测量特性试验及仿真[J].中国电力,2014,47(8):57-60.LI Lin,DUAN Xiaobo,LIU Guanqi,et al.Harmonic measurement characteristics of capacitor voltage transformer(CVT)of 110 k V[J].Electric Power,2014,47(8):57-60.
[19]冯宇,王晓琪,陈晓明,等.电容式电压互感器电路参数对电网谐波电压测量的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(28):4968-4974.FENG Yu,WANG Xiaoqi,CHEN Xiaoming,et al.Influences of circuit parameters of capacitor voltage transformer on grid harmonic voltage measurements[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(28):4968-4974.
[20]段晓波,朱明星,胡文平,等.影响电容式电压互感器谐波传递特性的关键参数[J].电网技术,2014,38(11):3154-3159.DUAN Xiaobo,ZHU Mingxing,HU Wenping,et al.Key parameters affecting harmonic transfer characteristics of capacitor voltage transformer[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(11):3154-3159.
[21]刘观起,李琳.谐波对电容式电压互感器运行特性的影响研究[J].黑龙江电力,2014,36(2):100-103.LIU Guanqi,LI Lin.Research on the influence of harmonic on the operation characteristics of capacitor voltage transformers[J].Heilongjiang Electric Power,2014,36(2):100-103.
[22]李璿,叶国雄,王晓琪,等.用ATP-EMTP研究1 000 k V CVT的暂态特性[J].高电压技术,2008,34(9):1850-1855.LI Xuan,YE Guoxiong,WANG Xiaoqi,et al.Transient characteristics of 1000 k V capacitor voltage transformer based on ATP-EMTP[J].High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(9):1850-1855.
[2]熊小伏,周家启,周永忠.基于迭加原理的CVT暂态特性矫正新方法[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(8):107-111.XIONG Xiaofu,ZHOU Jiaqi,ZHOU Yongzhong.A new method of correcting transient characteristics of capacitive voltage transformer using principle of superposition[J].Transactionsof China Electrotechenical Society,2006,21(8):107-111.
[3]邬林勇,何正友,钱清泉.利用CVT二次信号的频域行波故障测距方法[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(8):73-82.WU Linyong,HE Zhengyou,QIAN Qingquan.Frequency domain traveling wave fault location method using CVT's secondary signals[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(8):73-82.
[4]房金兰.关于电容式电压互感器技术发展的探讨[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2013,34(1):1-6.FANG Jinlan.Discussion on technical development of capacitor voltage transformers[J].Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2013,34(1):1-6.
[5]闵伟,周志宇,周振华.改进型Sage-Husa卡尔曼滤波器在电压暂降检测中的应用[J].电网技术,2013,37(1):230-234.MIN Wei,ZHOU Zhiyu,ZHOU Zhenhua.Application of improved Sage-Husa Kalman Filter in voltage sag detection[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(1):230-234.
[6]林德清,顾伟,王元凯,等.基于动态时间弯曲空间距离度量的电能质量综合评估[J].电网技术,2013,37(2):562-567.LIN Deqing,GU Wei,WANG Yuankai,et al.Synthetic evaluation of power quality based on dynamic time warping spatial distance measurement[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(2):562-567.
[7]侯世英,张文玉,孙韬,等.基于正交优化时频原子分解算法的电能质量扰动匹配特征分析[J].电网技术,2013,37(3):647-652.HOU Shiying,ZHANG Wenyu,SUN Tao,et al.Analysis on matching features of power quality disturbances based on orthogonal optimization of time-frequency atom decomposition[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(3):647-652.
[8]黄建明,吴春华,许富强.基于相序解耦谐振控制器的基波正序电压相位检测方法[J].电网技术,2013,37(3):667-672.HUANG Jianming,WU Chunhua,XU Fuqiang.Phase detection of fundamental positive sequence voltage based on sequence-decoupled resonant controller[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(3):667-672.
[9]李泓泽,郭森,唐辉,等.基于改进变权物元可拓模型的电能质量综合评价[J].电网技术,2013,37(3):653-659.LI Hongze,GUO Sen,TANG Hui,et al.Comprehensive evaluation on power quality based on improved matter-element extension model with variable weight[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(3):653-659.
[10]何国军,朱云芳,戴朝华,等.基于差分进化的时频原子分解方法在电气化铁路谐波检测中的应用[J].电网技术,2012,36(12):211-216.HE Guojun,ZHU Yunfang,DAI Chaohua,et al.Application of differential evolution-based time-frequency atom decomposition in harmonic detection of electrified railway[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(12):211-216.
[11]汪颖,肖先勇,杨达.敏感设备电压暂降失效事件不确定性的最大混合熵评估[J].电网技术,2012,36(11):159-164.WANG Ying,XIAO Xianyong,YANG Da.Uncertainty assessment on failure accident of voltage-sensitive equipment due to voltage sag by maximum hybrid entropy[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(11):159-164.
[12]电能质量公用电网谐波:GB/T 14549—1993[S].1993.Quality of electric energy supply-Harmonics in public supply network:GB/T 14549-1993[S].1993.
[13]穆淑云.电容式电压互感器暂态性能的仿真计算[J].电力电容器,2001(1):8-13.MU Shuyun.The numerical simulation of transient property of CVT[J].Dianli Dianrongqi,2001(1):8-13.
[14]姚晓健,蔡祖安,陈红.电容式电压互感器的高频暂态特性仿真分析[J].湖南电力,2012,31(2):13-15.YAO Xiaojian,CAI Zuan,CHEN Hong.Simulation analysis on high frequency transient for CVT[J].Hunan Electric Power,2012,31(2):13-15.
[15]王斯斯,刘宇,熊俊,等.一起500 k V电容式电压互感器电容击穿故障分析[J].广东电力,2017,30(1):126-130.WANG Sisi,LIU Yu,XIONG Jun,et al.Analysis on breakdown of 500 k V capacitor voltage transformer[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2017,30(1):126-130.
[16]甘磊,张哲,尹项根.基于电容式电压互感器二次信号的行波故障定位方法[J].电网技术,2006,30(5):101-105.GAN Lei,ZHANG Zhe,YIN Xianggen.Travelling-wave fault location method based on secondary signal of CVT[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(5):101-105.
[17]郜洪亮,李琼林,余晓鹏,等.电容式电压互感器的谐波传递特性研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(11):3125-3130.GAO Hongliang,LI Qionglin,YU Xiaopeng,et al.Harmonic transfer characteristic of capacitor voltage transformer[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(11):3125-3130.
[18]李琳,段晓波,刘观起,等.110 k V电容式电压互感器谐波测量特性试验及仿真[J].中国电力,2014,47(8):57-60.LI Lin,DUAN Xiaobo,LIU Guanqi,et al.Harmonic measurement characteristics of capacitor voltage transformer(CVT)of 110 k V[J].Electric Power,2014,47(8):57-60.
[19]冯宇,王晓琪,陈晓明,等.电容式电压互感器电路参数对电网谐波电压测量的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(28):4968-4974.FENG Yu,WANG Xiaoqi,CHEN Xiaoming,et al.Influences of circuit parameters of capacitor voltage transformer on grid harmonic voltage measurements[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(28):4968-4974.
[20]段晓波,朱明星,胡文平,等.影响电容式电压互感器谐波传递特性的关键参数[J].电网技术,2014,38(11):3154-3159.DUAN Xiaobo,ZHU Mingxing,HU Wenping,et al.Key parameters affecting harmonic transfer characteristics of capacitor voltage transformer[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(11):3154-3159.
[21]刘观起,李琳.谐波对电容式电压互感器运行特性的影响研究[J].黑龙江电力,2014,36(2):100-103.LIU Guanqi,LI Lin.Research on the influence of harmonic on the operation characteristics of capacitor voltage transformers[J].Heilongjiang Electric Power,2014,36(2):100-103.
[22]李璿,叶国雄,王晓琪,等.用ATP-EMTP研究1 000 k V CVT的暂态特性[J].高电压技术,2008,34(9):1850-1855.LI Xuan,YE Guoxiong,WANG Xiaoqi,et al.Transient characteristics of 1000 k V capacitor voltage transformer based on ATP-EMTP[J].High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(9):1850-1855.