非正规垃圾填埋场土壤和地下水重金属污染特征与评价
|
摘要
为了解非正规垃圾填埋场土壤和地下水重金属污染状况,以江西乱石湾垃圾填埋场周边土壤和地下水为研究对象,对研究区进行采样分析,应用内梅罗综合污染指数法和美国环保局地下水健康风险评价模型对该垃圾填埋场土壤和地下水中重金属污染物进行含量特征分析与评价。结果表明,Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd、Cu、Pb重金属是填埋场土壤中的主要污染物,区域所有采样点的内梅罗综合污染指数平均值为2. 20,说明土壤受中度重金属污染; Cr(Ⅵ)是填埋场地下水的主要污染物,所有采样点的综合污染指数平均值为0. 89,说明地下水总体处于警戒线等级;致癌健康风险值在2. 32×10~(-4)～1. 69×10~(-3)/a之间,是国际委员会推荐值的4. 64～33. 8倍,致癌风险水平为Cr(Ⅵ)>Ni>As>Cd;非致癌健康风险值在2. 54×10~(-10)～9. 72×10~(-9)/a之间,致癌类重金属的个人年健康风险值是非致癌类重金属的10~5～10~6倍,说明该区域的致癌风险极大,应引起重视。
In order to understand the contamination situations of heavy metals in contaminated soil and groundwater of informal landfills,an informal landfill,Luanshiwan Landfill in Jiangxi Province,was selected and its surrounding soil and the groundwater were studied to analyze heavy metal pollutants and to assess risks by using the Nemerow index method and the USEPA health risk assessment model. The results showed that Cr( VI),Cd and Cu were the main heavy metal pollutants in landfill soil while Cr( VI) was the main heavy metal pollutant in groundwater. The average Nemerow Index for all sampling points in this area was 2. 20,showing that the soil was slightly polluted,the average comprehensive pollution index of all sampling points was 0. 89,indicating that the groundwater was generally at the warning level. The carcinogenic health The carcinogenic health risk levels in groundwater trended as Cr( VI) >Ni>As>Cd,with risk values between 2. 32 × 10~(-4)～ 1. 69 × 10~(-3)/a which is 4. 64 ～ 33. 8 times of the recommended value of ICRP and10~5～10~6 times higher than the non-carcinogenic risk level values of 2. 54×10~(-10)～ 9. 72×10~(-9)/a,indicating that the carcinogenic risk levels in this area are very high and high attentions need to be paid.
In order to understand the contamination situations of heavy metals in contaminated soil and groundwater of informal landfills,an informal landfill,Luanshiwan Landfill in Jiangxi Province,was selected and its surrounding soil and the groundwater were studied to analyze heavy metal pollutants and to assess risks by using the Nemerow index method and the USEPA health risk assessment model. The results showed that Cr( VI),Cd and Cu were the main heavy metal pollutants in landfill soil while Cr( VI) was the main heavy metal pollutant in groundwater. The average Nemerow Index for all sampling points in this area was 2. 20,showing that the soil was slightly polluted,the average comprehensive pollution index of all sampling points was 0. 89,indicating that the groundwater was generally at the warning level. The carcinogenic health The carcinogenic health risk levels in groundwater trended as Cr( VI) >Ni>As>Cd,with risk values between 2. 32 × 10~(-4)～ 1. 69 × 10~(-3)/a which is 4. 64 ～ 33. 8 times of the recommended value of ICRP and10~5～10~6 times higher than the non-carcinogenic risk level values of 2. 54×10~(-10)～ 9. 72×10~(-9)/a,indicating that the carcinogenic risk levels in this area are very high and high attentions need to be paid.
引文
[1]Ludvigsen L,Albrechtsen H J,Heron G,et al.Anaerobic microbial redox processes in a landfill leachate contaminated aquifer(Grindsted,Denmark)[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,1998,33(3-4):273-291.
[2]Berkun M,Aras E,Nemlioglu S.Disposal of solid waste in Istanbul and along the Black Sea coast of Turkey[J].Waste Management,2005,25(8):847.
[3]Zhang P,Wu Z C.Municipal sludge as landfill barrier material[J].环境科学学报(英文版),2005,17(3):474-477.
[4]东天,王闻烨,徐成斌,等.沈阳市垃圾填埋场周边水环境污染状况研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014(9):2698-2700.
[5]钱丽萍,赵士德.哈尔滨市柳树林垃圾场垃圾渗滤液对周边土壤污染状况的调查[J].黄山学院学报,2006,8(3):76-79.
[6]董军,赵勇胜,王翊虹,等.北天堂垃圾污染场地氧化还原分带及污染物自然衰减研究[J].环境科学,2008(11):3265-3269.
[7]吴文伟,苏昭辉,王峰,等.非正规垃圾填埋场危害风险评估与治理[J].环境卫生工程,2013,21(5):11-14.
[8]Lee J Y,Cheon J Y,Kwon H P,et al.Attenuation of landfill leachate at two uncontrolled landfills[J].Environmental Geology,2006,51(4):581-593.
[9]Regadío M,Ruiz A I,de Soto I S,et al.Pollution profiles and physicochemical parameters in old uncontrolled landfills[J].Waste Manag,2012,32(3):482-497.
[10]Li Z,Ma Z,van der Kuijp TJ,et al.A review of soil heavy metal pollution from mines in China:Pollution and health risk assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,468-469:843-853.
[11]UK Environment Agency.Guidance on Assessment on Risks from Landfill Sites[M].Bristol,uk:Environment Agency Publisher,2004.
[12]Eduljee G H.Trends in risk assessment and risk management.[J].Science of the Total Environment,2000,249(1):13-23.
[13]Wu K,Zhang L.Progress in the development of environmental risk assessment as a tool for the decision-making process[J].Journal of Service Science&Management,2014,7(2):131-143.
[14]National Research Council(US)Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants.Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment[M].Washington(DC):National Academies Press(US).1994.
[15]王春铭,高云华,张登伟,等.广州增城市垃圾填埋场封场土壤及植物重金属调查与评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(4):714-720.
[16]刘增超,何连生,董军,等.简易垃圾填埋场地下水污染风险评价[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(7):833-839.
[17]余璇,康亭,郑晓笛,等.陈家冲垃圾填埋场地下水环境健康风险评价[J].南水北调与水利科技,2017,15(5):82-88.
[18]于大潞,郑丽爽,于世林.济南南部垃圾填埋场对地下水质量的影响分析[J].山东国土资源,2015(8):54-57.
[19]US Environmental Protection Agency.Superfund public health evaluation manual[R].EPA/540/1-86/060.Washington DC:US EPA,1986.
[20]US EPA.Available information on assessment exposure from pesticides in food[R].Washington DC:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs,2000.
[21]王宗爽,段小丽,刘平,等.环境健康风险评价中我国居民暴露参数探讨[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(10):1164-1170.
[22]段小丽,王宗爽,李琴,等.基于参数实测的水中重金属暴露的健康风险研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1329-1339.
[23]Hopkins J.IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans:Volume 49.Chromium,nickel and welding:Lyon,1990.pp.677.Sw.fr.95.00.ISBN 92 832 1249 5[J].Food&Chemical Toxicology,1991,29(9):647-648.
[24]吴泽鑫,邢文听,高青环.土壤重金属Cr污染及其治理研究进展[J].河南化工,2011(13):33-36.
[25]He B,Yun Z J,Shi J B,et al.Research progress of heavy metal pollution in China:Sources,analytical methods,status,and toxicity[J].Science Bulletin,2013,58(2):134.
[26]Li Y,Yin H,Ye J,et al.Effects of exogenous microorganisms on speciations of cadmium and microbial diversity in soil[J].CIESC Journal,2012,63(6):1850-1858.
[27]Chen Y,Wu P,Shao Y,et al.Health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables grown around battery production area[J].Scientia Agricola,2014,71(2):126-132.
[28]Bocca B,Alimonti A,Petrucci F,et al.Quantification of trace elements by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in urine,serum,blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy,2004,59(4):559-566.
[29]王志勇,陈瑞强,王永豪.株洲市云龙示范区土壤重金属Pb、Cd分布特征及污染评价[J].湖南工业大学学报,2018(2):90-96.
[30]Woo N C,Choi M J,Lee K S.Assessment of groundwater quality and contamination from uranium-bearing black shale in Goesan-Boeun Areas,Korea[J].Environmental Geochemistry&Health,2002,24(3):264-273.
[31]Barry G A,Chudek P J,Best E K,et al.Estimating sludge application rates to land based on heavy metal and phosphorus sorption characteristics of soil[J].Water Research,1995,29(9):2031-2034.
[32]黄奕龙,王仰麟,谭启宇,等.城市饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价及风险管理[J].地学前缘,2006,13(3):162-167.
[2]Berkun M,Aras E,Nemlioglu S.Disposal of solid waste in Istanbul and along the Black Sea coast of Turkey[J].Waste Management,2005,25(8):847.
[3]Zhang P,Wu Z C.Municipal sludge as landfill barrier material[J].环境科学学报(英文版),2005,17(3):474-477.
[4]东天,王闻烨,徐成斌,等.沈阳市垃圾填埋场周边水环境污染状况研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014(9):2698-2700.
[5]钱丽萍,赵士德.哈尔滨市柳树林垃圾场垃圾渗滤液对周边土壤污染状况的调查[J].黄山学院学报,2006,8(3):76-79.
[6]董军,赵勇胜,王翊虹,等.北天堂垃圾污染场地氧化还原分带及污染物自然衰减研究[J].环境科学,2008(11):3265-3269.
[7]吴文伟,苏昭辉,王峰,等.非正规垃圾填埋场危害风险评估与治理[J].环境卫生工程,2013,21(5):11-14.
[8]Lee J Y,Cheon J Y,Kwon H P,et al.Attenuation of landfill leachate at two uncontrolled landfills[J].Environmental Geology,2006,51(4):581-593.
[9]Regadío M,Ruiz A I,de Soto I S,et al.Pollution profiles and physicochemical parameters in old uncontrolled landfills[J].Waste Manag,2012,32(3):482-497.
[10]Li Z,Ma Z,van der Kuijp TJ,et al.A review of soil heavy metal pollution from mines in China:Pollution and health risk assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,468-469:843-853.
[11]UK Environment Agency.Guidance on Assessment on Risks from Landfill Sites[M].Bristol,uk:Environment Agency Publisher,2004.
[12]Eduljee G H.Trends in risk assessment and risk management.[J].Science of the Total Environment,2000,249(1):13-23.
[13]Wu K,Zhang L.Progress in the development of environmental risk assessment as a tool for the decision-making process[J].Journal of Service Science&Management,2014,7(2):131-143.
[14]National Research Council(US)Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants.Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment[M].Washington(DC):National Academies Press(US).1994.
[15]王春铭,高云华,张登伟,等.广州增城市垃圾填埋场封场土壤及植物重金属调查与评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(4):714-720.
[16]刘增超,何连生,董军,等.简易垃圾填埋场地下水污染风险评价[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(7):833-839.
[17]余璇,康亭,郑晓笛,等.陈家冲垃圾填埋场地下水环境健康风险评价[J].南水北调与水利科技,2017,15(5):82-88.
[18]于大潞,郑丽爽,于世林.济南南部垃圾填埋场对地下水质量的影响分析[J].山东国土资源,2015(8):54-57.
[19]US Environmental Protection Agency.Superfund public health evaluation manual[R].EPA/540/1-86/060.Washington DC:US EPA,1986.
[20]US EPA.Available information on assessment exposure from pesticides in food[R].Washington DC:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs,2000.
[21]王宗爽,段小丽,刘平,等.环境健康风险评价中我国居民暴露参数探讨[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(10):1164-1170.
[22]段小丽,王宗爽,李琴,等.基于参数实测的水中重金属暴露的健康风险研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1329-1339.
[23]Hopkins J.IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans:Volume 49.Chromium,nickel and welding:Lyon,1990.pp.677.Sw.fr.95.00.ISBN 92 832 1249 5[J].Food&Chemical Toxicology,1991,29(9):647-648.
[24]吴泽鑫,邢文听,高青环.土壤重金属Cr污染及其治理研究进展[J].河南化工,2011(13):33-36.
[25]He B,Yun Z J,Shi J B,et al.Research progress of heavy metal pollution in China:Sources,analytical methods,status,and toxicity[J].Science Bulletin,2013,58(2):134.
[26]Li Y,Yin H,Ye J,et al.Effects of exogenous microorganisms on speciations of cadmium and microbial diversity in soil[J].CIESC Journal,2012,63(6):1850-1858.
[27]Chen Y,Wu P,Shao Y,et al.Health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables grown around battery production area[J].Scientia Agricola,2014,71(2):126-132.
[28]Bocca B,Alimonti A,Petrucci F,et al.Quantification of trace elements by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in urine,serum,blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy,2004,59(4):559-566.
[29]王志勇,陈瑞强,王永豪.株洲市云龙示范区土壤重金属Pb、Cd分布特征及污染评价[J].湖南工业大学学报,2018(2):90-96.
[30]Woo N C,Choi M J,Lee K S.Assessment of groundwater quality and contamination from uranium-bearing black shale in Goesan-Boeun Areas,Korea[J].Environmental Geochemistry&Health,2002,24(3):264-273.
[31]Barry G A,Chudek P J,Best E K,et al.Estimating sludge application rates to land based on heavy metal and phosphorus sorption characteristics of soil[J].Water Research,1995,29(9):2031-2034.
[32]黄奕龙,王仰麟,谭启宇,等.城市饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价及风险管理[J].地学前缘,2006,13(3):162-167.