四川盆地涪陵地区页岩气层构造特征与保存评价
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摘要
四川盆地涪陵页岩气田五峰组—龙马溪组含有丰富的页岩气资源,但该区经历了多期构造叠加作用,对页岩气保存条件造成了重要影响。系统研究了涪陵地区的构造特征和保存条件。该区发育北东向、北西向2组构造体系,主要形成于晚燕山期,受3套滑脱层系影响,纵向上变形特征存在差异性,可划分出3个构造形变层,中构造层变形相对强烈。将构造样式、断裂规模、剥蚀程度、裂缝密度作为构造变形的主要评价指标,可将涪陵地区平面上按构造变形分为东、西2带,西带构造变形较弱,保存条件较好。为进一步落实页岩气开发有利区,在"东西分带"认识的基础上,通过构造变形定量表征和地震预测,建立了一种涪陵地区保存条件量化评价方法。根据评价结果,在西带优选出3个有利目标区,在东带优选出2个有利目标区。
The Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in the Fuling shale gas play contain abundant shale gas resources,but the multiple tectonic superimposition had an important impact on shale gas preservation conditions in the area.We systematically studied the structural features and preservation conditions of shale gas in the Fuling area by detailed structural interpretation. There are two structural systems with NE and EW trends in the area,mainly formed in the late Yanshanian. Multi-level detachment structures were developed in the study area due to multiphase tectonic movements. The detachment structures can be vertically divided into 3 different structural deformation layers. Structural style,fracture scale,erosion extent and fracture density were used as the main evaluation indicators for structural deformation,and the Fuling area was divided into the eastern and western belts. The structural deformation of the western belt was relatively weak,and the preservation conditions were relatively better. For further clarifying the favorable areas for shale gas development,a quantitative characterization method of preservation conditions was established by means of structural deformation characterization and reservoir prediction.According to evaluation results,three target units including Jiangdong,Pingqiao and Zilichang were selected in the western belt,and two target units including Baima and Baitao were selected in the eastern belt.
The Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in the Fuling shale gas play contain abundant shale gas resources,but the multiple tectonic superimposition had an important impact on shale gas preservation conditions in the area.We systematically studied the structural features and preservation conditions of shale gas in the Fuling area by detailed structural interpretation. There are two structural systems with NE and EW trends in the area,mainly formed in the late Yanshanian. Multi-level detachment structures were developed in the study area due to multiphase tectonic movements. The detachment structures can be vertically divided into 3 different structural deformation layers. Structural style,fracture scale,erosion extent and fracture density were used as the main evaluation indicators for structural deformation,and the Fuling area was divided into the eastern and western belts. The structural deformation of the western belt was relatively weak,and the preservation conditions were relatively better. For further clarifying the favorable areas for shale gas development,a quantitative characterization method of preservation conditions was established by means of structural deformation characterization and reservoir prediction.According to evaluation results,three target units including Jiangdong,Pingqiao and Zilichang were selected in the western belt,and two target units including Baima and Baitao were selected in the eastern belt.
引文
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[2]何治亮,聂海宽,张钰莹.四川盆地及其周缘奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组页岩气富集主控因素分析[J].地学前缘,2016,23(2):8-17.HE Zhiliang,NIE Haikuan,ZHANG Yuying.The main factors of shale gas enrichment of Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(2):8-17.
[3]耿一凯,金振奎,赵建华,等.页岩储层孔隙类型控制因素研究:以川东焦石坝地区龙马溪组为例[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(1):71-78.GENG Yikai,JIN Zhenkui,ZHAO Jianhua,et al.Controlling factors of pore types in shale reservoirs:A case study from the Longmaxi Formation in Jiaoshiba area,eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(1):71-78.
[4]汤良杰,崔敏.中上扬子区关键构造变革期、构造变形样式与油气保存[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(1):12-16.TANG Liangjie,CUI Min.Key tectonic changes,deformation styles and hydrocarbon preservations in Middle-Upper Yangtze region[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2011,33(1):12-16.
[5]聂海宽,金之钧,边瑞康,等.四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩气“源—盖控藏”富集[J].石油学报,2016,37(5):557-571.NIE Haikuan,JIN Zhijun,BIAN Ruikang,et al.The“source-cap hydrocarbon-controlling”enrichment of shale gas in Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(5):557-571.
[6]邹玉涛,段金宝,赵艳军,等.川东高陡断褶带构造特征及其演化[J].地质学报,2015,89(11):2046-2052.ZOU Yutao,DUAN Jinbao,ZHAO Yanjun,et al.Tectonic characteristics and evolution of the high and steep fault folding belt in East Sichuan[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2015,89(11):2046-2052.
[7]王平,刘少峰,郜瑭珺,等.川东弧形带三维构造扩展的AFT记录[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(5):1662-1673.WANG Ping,LIU Shaofeng,GAO Tangjun,et al.Cretaceous transportation of Eastern Sichuan arcuate fold belt in three dimensions:Insights from AFT analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(5):1662-1673.
[8]徐政语,李大成,卢文忠,等.渝东构造样式分析与成因解析[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(1):15-22.XU Zhengyu,LI Dacheng,LU Wenzhong,et al.Pattern analyses and genetic interpretation about the geotectonics of Yudong(East Chongqing)[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2004,28(1):15-22.
[9]舒姚,胡明.川东北地区构造特征及变形期次探讨[J].复杂油气藏,2010,3(2):17-20.SHU Yao,HU Ming.Structural feature and deformation stages in northeast of Sichuan Basin[J].Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2010,3(2):17-20.
[10]朱彤,王烽,俞凌杰,等.四川盆地页岩气富集控制因素及类型[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(2):399-407.ZHU Tong,WANG Feng,YU Lingjie,et al.Controlling factors and types of shale gas enrichment in the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(2):399-407.
[11]燕继红,李启桂,朱祥,等.四川盆地及周缘下寒武统页岩气成藏主控因素与勘探方向[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(4):445-452.YAN Jihong,LI Qigui,ZHU Xiang,et al.Main factors controlling shale gas accumulation and exploration targets in the Lower Cambrian,Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2016,38(4):445-452.
[12]薛冰,张金川,杨超,等.页岩含气量理论图版[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(2):339-346.XUE Bing,ZHANG Jinchuan,YANG Chao,et al.Theoretical chart of shale gas content[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(2):339-346.
[13]郭卫星,熊亮,魏力民.川东南构造变形特征及其对页岩气保存的影响[J].煤田地质与勘探,2016,44(6):21-26.GUO Weixing,XIONG Liang,WEI Limin.Structure deformation of southeast Sichuan and its influences on preservation of shale gas[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2016,44(6):21-26.
[14]吴礼明,丁文龙,曾维特,等.滑脱构造与油气成藏的关系[J].特种油气藏,2011,18(5):60-63.WU Liming,DING Wenlong,ZENG Weite,et al.The relationship between detachment structure and hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2011,18(5):60-63.
[15]金文正,万桂梅,王俊鹏,等.龙门山冲断带滑脱构造变形样式[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(5):9-13.JIN Wenzheng,WAN Guimei,WANG Junpeng,et al.Deformation types of detachment structure[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2011,33(5):9-13.
[16]颜丹平,金哲龙,张维宸,等.川渝湘鄂薄皮构造带多层拆离滑脱系的岩石力学性质及其对构造变形样式的控制[J].地质通报,2008,27(10):1687-1697.YAN Danping,JIN Zhelong,ZHANG Weichen,et al.Rock mechanical characteristics of the multi-layer detachment fault system and their controls on the structural deformation style of the SichuanChongqing-Hunan-Hubei thin-skinned belt,South Gansu,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(10):1687-1697.
[17]魏祥峰,李宇平,魏志红,等.保存条件对四川盆地及周缘海相页岩气富集高产的影响机制[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(2):147-153.WEI Xiangfeng,LI Yuping,WEI Zhihong,et al.Effects of preservation conditions on enrichment and high yield of shale gas in Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(2):147-153.
[18]胡慧婷,王龙,刘岩,等.超压泥岩盖层中断层垂向封闭能力研究方法及其应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):359-364.HU Huiting,WANG Long,LIU Yan,et al.Research method of fault vertical sealing capacity in overpressure mudstone caprock and its application[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(3):359-364.
[19]邓模,吕俊祥,潘文蕾,等.鄂西渝东区油气保存条件分析[J].石油实验地质,2009,31(2):202-206.DENG Mo,L?Junxiang,PAN Wenlei,et al.Hydrocarbon preservation conditions in West Hubei and East Chongqing[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2009,31(2):202-206.
[20]李飞,尚长健,楼章华,等.米仓—大巴山海相地层古流体地球化学特征与油气保存[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):365-371.LI Fei,SHANG Changjian,LOU Zhanghua,et al.Geochemical characteristics of paleofluid and hydrocarbon preservation in marine strata of Micang-Daba piedmont and its adjacent areas[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(3):365-371.
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