商业综合体冷站用能分析与优化
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摘要
商业综合体由于在内部空间结构、功能及人员行为方面的复杂性,其负荷特征、空调运行及室内环境等状况复杂,冷站设计及节能优化需要结合自身特点。首先,针对商业综合体分析其空调使用需求特征,通过室内热湿环境实测分析,发现室内环境较传统商业建筑波动较大,不同业态室内环境有显著差异。其次,通过冷站实际运行工况分析其能耗特征、供冷系统运行模式及问题,发现商业综合体冷负荷稳定、冷站运行时间长、冷机设计容量普遍存在过大的问题。最后,利用DeST软件对两类典型空间分布(环绕型、中庭型)的商业综合体建立模型,分析不同区域、不同时间段的负荷特征,并根据业态负荷或时间负荷特征对冷源设计方案进行优化设计和对比,发现按照业态负荷特征对体量大、业态布局分散且各业态负荷差异大的商业综合体进行冷源设计对冷站节能有利。
Because of the complexity of the internal space structure and function diversity,personnel behavior in commercial complex,the load characteristics,plants operation and indoor environment are complex.Therefore,the chiller plants design and energy optimization need to combine their own characteristics.Firstly,through indoor thermal environment test to analyze the air conditioning demand of commercial complex,it is found that the indoor environment fluctuates more greatly compared with traditional commercial buildings,and there are significant differences among different commercial types.Secondly,the refrigeration system operation is analyzed through chiller plants operation records.It is indicated that the cooling load of commercial complex is relatively stable with the refrigeration system running for a long time,and the design capacity of the plants is generally too large.Finally,the load characteristics is analyzed through DeST modelling,and different chiller plants design optimization is compared.The result shows that the refrigeration system design method according to the commercial type load distribution is beneficial for energy efficiency,especially in the commercial complex with scattered commercial type layout and large difference in cooling load of different commercial type.
Because of the complexity of the internal space structure and function diversity,personnel behavior in commercial complex,the load characteristics,plants operation and indoor environment are complex.Therefore,the chiller plants design and energy optimization need to combine their own characteristics.Firstly,through indoor thermal environment test to analyze the air conditioning demand of commercial complex,it is found that the indoor environment fluctuates more greatly compared with traditional commercial buildings,and there are significant differences among different commercial types.Secondly,the refrigeration system operation is analyzed through chiller plants operation records.It is indicated that the cooling load of commercial complex is relatively stable with the refrigeration system running for a long time,and the design capacity of the plants is generally too large.Finally,the load characteristics is analyzed through DeST modelling,and different chiller plants design optimization is compared.The result shows that the refrigeration system design method according to the commercial type load distribution is beneficial for energy efficiency,especially in the commercial complex with scattered commercial type layout and large difference in cooling load of different commercial type.
引文
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[3]黄杉,武前波,崔万珍.国内外城市综合体的发展特征与类型模式[J].经济地理,2013,33(4):1-8.HUANG S, WU Q B, CUI W Z. Development features and types of urban complex in the world[J].Economic Geography,2013,33(4):1-8.(in Chinese)
[4] KIM J J. Economic analysis on energy saving technologies for complex manufacturing building[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2017,123:249-254.
[5]XU P,HUANG J,SHEN P Y,et al.Commercial building energy use in six cities in Southern China[J].Energy Policy,2013,53:76-89.
[6]清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告-2014[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.Building Energy Consewation Research Centre,Tsinghua University.Annual report on China building energy efficiency-2014[M]. Beijing:China Architecture &Building press,2014.(in Chinese)
[7]JI Y,XU P,XIE J C.A performance assessment method for main HVAC equipment with electricity submetering data[J].Procedia Engineering,2017,205:3104-3111.
[8]JUAIDI A,ALFARIS F,MONTOYA F G,et al.Energy benchmarking for shopping centers in Gulf Coast region[J].Energy Policy,2016,91:247-255.
[9]清华大学―太古地产.建筑节能常见问题分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2015.Tsinghua University-Swire Properties.Analysis of common problems of building energy conservation[M].Beijing:China Architecture &Building Press,2015.(in Chinese)
[10]YAN J W,CHEN C,PAN D M,et al.A numerical study on the optimization method to optimize the cooling load sharing for a multi-chiller system in a shopping mall[J]. Energy Procedia,2017,142:1977-1984.
[11]刘辉,林波,王陈栋.某商业综合体空调冷负荷动态模拟及特性分析[J].暖通空调,2017,47(2):60-62,59.LIU H,LIN B,WANG C D.Simulation and analysis of dynamic cooling load of a commercial complex[J].Heating Ventilating &Air Conditioning,2017,47(2):60-62,59.(in Chinese)
[12]LEE W L,YIK F W H,JONES P,et al.Energy saving by realistic design data for commercial buildings in Hong Kong[J].Applied Energy,2001,70(1):59-75.
[13]LAM J C,LI D H W. Electricity consumption characteristics in shopping malls in subtropical climates[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2003,44(9):1391-1398.
[14]易居(中国)控股有限公司,克而瑞信息集团.主力店攻略:商业地产项目招商指南[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2013.Yiju(China)Holding Co.,Ltd.Kerri Information Group.Main shop strategy:commercial real estate project investment guide[M]. Nanjing:Jiangsu People's Publishing House,2013.(in Chinese)
[15]过旸,陈超,胡桂霞,等.北京某大型商场冷热源能耗实测分析[J].暖通空调,2014,44(10):50-56.GUO Y, CHEN C, HU G X, et al. Energy consumption measurement and analysis for cold and heat source center of a shopping mall in Beijing[J].Journal of Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning,2014,44(10):50-56.(in Chinese)
[16]王力申.商业综合体人流密度及行走规律研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.WANG L S. Research on pedestrian density and pedestrians working rules in commercial complex building in Changsha[D].Changsha:Central South University,2014.(in Chinese)
[17]PEREZ-LOMBARD L,ORTIZ J,MAESTRE I R.The map of energy flow in HVAC systems[J].Applied Energy,2011,88(12):5020-5031.
[18]SHANG Y Z,LI B Z,BALDWIN A N,et al.Investigation of indoor air quality in shopping malls during summer in Western China using subjective survey and field measurement[J]. Building and Environment,2016,108:1-11.
[19]LI W M,LEE S C,CHAN L Y.Indoor air quality at nine shopping malls in Hong Kong[J].Science of the Total Environment,2001,273(1/2/3):27-40.
[20]KWOK T F,XU Y,WONG P T.Complying with voluntary energy conservation agreements(I):Air conditioning in Hong Kong's shopping malls[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2017,117:213-224.