三七压穴精密排种装置设计与试验
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摘要
三七播种株行距均为5 cm左右,属于密集精密播种,为实现三七高密度精密播种,克服开沟易堵塞的难题,设计了一种三七压穴精密排种装置。阐述了三七压穴精密排种装置的工作原理,确定了其主要结构参数,以云南省文山市三七种子为研究对象,采用二次旋转正交组合试验方法,对排种装置进行排种性能试验,选取压穴柱直径、前进速度、投种点到压穴点水平距离为试验因素,建立了合格指数、漏播指数、重播指数、各行排量一致性变异系数的数学模型,分析了各试验因素交互作用对合格指数的影响规律。结果表明,影响合格指数的因素主次顺序为:压穴柱直径、投种点到压穴点水平距离和前进速度。通过参数优化,确定了最优参数为压穴柱直径24. 5～29. 5 mm、投种点到压穴点水平距离330 mm、前进速度0. 44～0. 61 m/s,此时合格指数大于90%,漏播指数小于5%,重播指数小于5%。经2BQ-15型三七精密播种机整机试验可知,作业速度为0. 35 m/s时,播种机合格指数最高为93. 5%,满足三七播种要求。
Panax notoginseng is mainly grown in Yunnan Province. The row spacing and plant spacing of the seedlings of Panax notoginseng are about 5 cm. In order to achieve high-density precision seeding of Panax notoginseng,overcome the problem of easy blockage of trenching,a hole precision seed-metering device was designed. The main structure and the working principle of the metering device were expounded. The key structure parameters were determined through theoretical calculation according to planting requirements. According to the extensive testing combined with the experimental results of relevant scholars,the main factors which affected seeding performance of hole-drop planter precision seedmetering device were determined,which were pricking hole column diameter,forward velocity and dropping seeds point to the pricking hole roll distance. The Panax notoginseng seeds in Wenshan were chosen for sowing object. Based on the three-factor five-level quadratic orthogonal rotating combination test method,the influences of pricking hole column diameter,dropping seeds point to the pricking hole roll distance and forward velocity on sowing performance were explored. The experimental results showed that the influence of negative pressure on the qualified rate was very significant( P < 0. 01). Based on the results of examination,it was found that the fitting of the equations was good,the best parameter combination was pricking hole column diameter of 24. 5 ～ 29. 5 mm,forward velocity of 0. 44 ～ 0. 61 m/s and dropping seeds point to the pricking hole roll distance of 330 mm,and under the optimal condition,the qualified index was more than 90%,the missing index was less than 5% and the multiple index was less than 5%. The hole-drop planter precision seed-metering device met the standard and requirements by comparing the results with the national standard and Panax notoginseng planting requirements. Fieldexperiments were conducted to examine the performance of 2 BQ-15 type precision planter for Panax notoginseng,the qualified index of the plantor was up to 93. 5%,when the operating speed was 0. 35 m/s.The results indicated that precision seeding device for hole-drop planter can meet the requirements of Panax notoginseng seeding.
Panax notoginseng is mainly grown in Yunnan Province. The row spacing and plant spacing of the seedlings of Panax notoginseng are about 5 cm. In order to achieve high-density precision seeding of Panax notoginseng,overcome the problem of easy blockage of trenching,a hole precision seed-metering device was designed. The main structure and the working principle of the metering device were expounded. The key structure parameters were determined through theoretical calculation according to planting requirements. According to the extensive testing combined with the experimental results of relevant scholars,the main factors which affected seeding performance of hole-drop planter precision seedmetering device were determined,which were pricking hole column diameter,forward velocity and dropping seeds point to the pricking hole roll distance. The Panax notoginseng seeds in Wenshan were chosen for sowing object. Based on the three-factor five-level quadratic orthogonal rotating combination test method,the influences of pricking hole column diameter,dropping seeds point to the pricking hole roll distance and forward velocity on sowing performance were explored. The experimental results showed that the influence of negative pressure on the qualified rate was very significant( P < 0. 01). Based on the results of examination,it was found that the fitting of the equations was good,the best parameter combination was pricking hole column diameter of 24. 5 ～ 29. 5 mm,forward velocity of 0. 44 ～ 0. 61 m/s and dropping seeds point to the pricking hole roll distance of 330 mm,and under the optimal condition,the qualified index was more than 90%,the missing index was less than 5% and the multiple index was less than 5%. The hole-drop planter precision seed-metering device met the standard and requirements by comparing the results with the national standard and Panax notoginseng planting requirements. Fieldexperiments were conducted to examine the performance of 2 BQ-15 type precision planter for Panax notoginseng,the qualified index of the plantor was up to 93. 5%,when the operating speed was 0. 35 m/s.The results indicated that precision seeding device for hole-drop planter can meet the requirements of Panax notoginseng seeding.
引文
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[2] ISMAIL Z E,El-HANIFY E H. Construction and testing the seed-punch planter[J]. Farm Machinery and Power,2009,26(1):597-607.
[3] LAWRENCE M J,BUCKMASTER D R,LAMONT W J. A pneumatic dibbling machine for plastic mulch[J]. Applied Engineering in Agriculture,2007,23(4):419-424.
[4] WILKINS D E,ADRIAN P A,CONLEY W J. Punch planting of vegetable seeds—a progress report[J]. Transactions of the ASAE,1979,22(4):746-749.
[5] JAFARI J V,FORNSTROM K J. A precision punch-planter for sugar beets[J]. Transactions of the ASAE,1972,15(3):569-571.
[6]李沐桐,李天宇,官晓东,等.旱地回转扎穴式播种器设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(2):48-57. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180207&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 02. 007.LI Mutong,LI Tianyu,GUAN Xiaodong,et al. Mechanism design and experiment of rotary hole seeder for dryland[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(2):48-57.(in Chinese)
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[8]杨善东,杜瑞成.多功能能小麦覆膜穴播机的设计[J].农机化研究,2007,29(2):33-37.YANG Shandong,DU Ruicheng. Design of multifunctional mulching film and punch planter for wheat[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2007,29(2):33-37.(in Chinese)
[9]田立权,王金武,唐汉,等.螺旋槽式水稻穴直播排种器设计与性能试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):46-52.http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20160507&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10.6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 05. 007.TIAN Liquan,WANG Jinwu,TANG Han,et al. Design and performance experiment of helix grooved rice seeding device[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):46-52.(in Chinese)
[10]罗锡文,蒋恩臣,王在满,等.开沟起垄式水稻精量穴直播机的研制[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(12):52-56.LUO Xiwen,JIANG Enchen,WANG Zaiman,et al. Precision rice hill drop drilling machine[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(12):52-56.(in Chinese)
[11]赵武云,戴飞,杨杰,等.玉米全膜双垄沟直插式精量穴播机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(11):91-97.http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20131117&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10.6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2013. 11. 017.ZHAO Wuyun,DAI Fei,YANG Jie,et al. Design and experiment of direct insert precision hill seeder with corn whole plastic film mulching on double ridge[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(11):91-97.(in Chinese)
[12]付威,罗锡文,曾山,等.水稻精量旱穴播机穴距电液比例控制系统的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(9):25-31.FU Wei,LUO Xiwen,ZENG Shan,et al. Design and experiment of electro-hydraulic proportional control hill distance system of precision rice hill-drop drilling machine for dry land[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(9):25-31.(in Chinese)
[13]刘芳,杜瑞成.内置式双位投种穴播器[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(8):35-40.LIU Fang,DU Ruicheng. Embedded double-position throwing seeds dibbler[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(8):35-40.(in Chinese)
[14]罗锡文,刘涛,蒋恩臣,等.水稻精量穴直播排种轮的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(3):108-112.LUO Xiwen,LIU Tao,JIANG Enchen,et al. Design and experiment of hill sowing wheel of precision rice direct-seeder[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(3):108-112.(in Chinese)
[15]魏宏安,邵世禄.垂直插入式小麦覆膜穴播机的研究[J].农业机械学报,2001,32(6):34-37.WEI Hongan,SHAO Shilu. Study on wheat hill-drop planter used for perpendicularly inserting film mulching field[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2001,32(6):34-37.(in Chinese)
[16]苗庆波,张秀花.一种鸭嘴式压穴和播种一体装置的设计与仿真研究[J].中国科技论文,2017,12(10):35-40.MIAO Qingbo,ZHANG Xiuhua. Design and modeling on the integrated device of duckbill punching and sowing[J]. China Sciencepaper,2017,12(10):35-40.(in Chinese)
[17]陈学庚,卢勇涛.气吸滚筒式棉花精量穴播器排种性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(8):35-38.CHEN Xuegeng,LU Yongtao. Sowing performance of air-suction cylindrical cotton precision dibbler[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(8):35-38.(in Chinese)
[18]刘宏新,王盼,改广伟,等.基于五杆机构的注射式免耕播种成穴轨迹分析与参数求解[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(8):21-29.LIU Hongxin,WANG Pan,GAI Guangwei,et al. Analysis and parameter solution of injection type no-till seeding into hole trajectory based on five-bar mechanism[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(8):21-29.(in Chinese)
[19]戴飞,赵武云,石林榕,等.基于近等速机构的玉米全膜双垄沟穴播机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(11):74-81. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20161110&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 11. 010.DAI Fei,ZHAO Wuyun,SHI Linrong,et al. Design and experiment of hill-seeder with whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges for corn based on mechanism with approximate constant speed[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(11):74-81.(in Chinese)
[20] ZHOU Limin,JIN Shengli,LIU Changan,et al. Ridge-furrow and plastic-mulching tillage enhances maize-soil interactions:opportunities and challenges in a semiarid agroecosystem[J]. Field Crops Research,2012,126:181-188.
[21] QIN Shuhao,ZHANG Junlian,DAI Hailin,et al. Effect of ridge-furrow and plastic-mulching planting patterns on yield formation and water movement of potato in a semi-arid area[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2014,131:87-94.
[22]马成林,李成华,于海业.打穴播种机研究的发展与现状[J].农业机械学报,1999,30(1):101-105.MA Chenglin,LI Chenghua,YU Haiye. Development and status of research on punch planter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1999,30(1):101-105.(in Chinese)
[23]张波屏.播种机械设计原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982.
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