中国企业治理模式的选择——关系治理和契约治理比较视角
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摘要
随着我国企业突出的业绩表现,企业治理成为中国管理研究的关注热点。治理水平的高低及治理模式的选择对于企业生存和发展具有重要意义。本文基于关系治理和契约治理概念及相互关系的辨析,运用雷丁提出的评价企业治理模式的4种企业行为(纵向合作、横向合作、控制、适应性),从关系治理和契约治理比较视角出发,多案例分析探讨企业内及企业间合作的治理模式,同时对两种治理模式的控制效果和适应性进行比较。据此,本文提出中国企业混搭治理模式,并认为关系治理与契约治理二者搭配比例关系不固定。
With the outstanding performance of Chinese enterprises,corporate governance has become a hot spot in China's management research. The level of governance and the choice of governance model are of great significance for the survival and further development of enterprises. Based on the analysis of the concept and mutual relationship of relationship governance and contract governance,this paper uses the four corporate behaviors( vertical cooperation,horizontal cooperation,control,adaptability) proposed by Redding to evaluate the corporate governance model,from a comparative perspective of relationship governance and contract governance,combined with multi-case analysis to explore the governance model of intra-enterprise and inter-enterprise cooperation,and compares the control effects and adaptability of the two governance models. Accordingly,this paper proposes a Chinese enterprise mix and match governance model,and the proportions between the relationship governance and contract governance are not fixed.
With the outstanding performance of Chinese enterprises,corporate governance has become a hot spot in China's management research. The level of governance and the choice of governance model are of great significance for the survival and further development of enterprises. Based on the analysis of the concept and mutual relationship of relationship governance and contract governance,this paper uses the four corporate behaviors( vertical cooperation,horizontal cooperation,control,adaptability) proposed by Redding to evaluate the corporate governance model,from a comparative perspective of relationship governance and contract governance,combined with multi-case analysis to explore the governance model of intra-enterprise and inter-enterprise cooperation,and compares the control effects and adaptability of the two governance models. Accordingly,this paper proposes a Chinese enterprise mix and match governance model,and the proportions between the relationship governance and contract governance are not fixed.
引文
[1]杜飞进.中国现代化的一个全新维度——论国家治理体系和治理能力现代化[J].社会科学研究,2014(5):37-53.
[2]李章森.企业“关系”治理结构与测量:中国本土文化背景下的研究[D].南昌:江西财经大学,2016.
[3]SUNDARAMURTHY C,LEWIS M.Control and Collaboration:Paradoxes of Governance[J].Academy of Management Review,2003,28(3):397-415.
[4]ELVIN M.The pattern of the Chinese past[M].California:Stanford University Press,1973.
[5]陈伟光,王燕.共建“一带一路”:基于关系治理与规则治理的分析框架[J].世界经济与政治,2016(6):93-112+158-159.
[6]李新春,陈灿.家族企业的关系治理:一个探索性研究[J].中山大学学报(社会科学版),2005,45(6):107-115.
[7]雷丁.海外华人企业家的管理思想:文化背景与风格[M].上海:上海三联书店,1993.
[8]孙元欣,于茂荐.关系契约理论研究述评[J].学术交流,2010(8):117-123.
[9]袁静,毛蕴诗.产业链纵向交易的契约治理与关系治理的实证研究[J].学术研究,2011(3):59-67.
[10]WILLIAMSON O E.Transaction Cost Economics Organization Theory[M]//SMELSER N J,SWEDBERG R.Handbook of Economic Sociology.Princeton:Princeton University Press,1996.
[11]MESQUITA L F,BRUSH T H.Untangling Safeguard and Production Coordination Effects in Long-Term Buyer-Supplier Relationships[J].Academy of Management Journal,2008,51(4):785-807.
[12]杨德勇,郑建明.契约治理的内在逻辑、内生演进与三大扩展[J].国际贸易问题,2010(1):124-128.
[13]BERNHEIM B D,WHINSTON M D.Incomplete Contracts and Strategic Ambiguity[J].American Economic Review,1998,88(88):902-932.
[14]埃里·克弗鲁博顿.新制度经济学一个交易费用的分析范式[M].上海:上海三联书店,上海人民出版社,2006:186-220.
[15]谢皓,易承光.关系契约理论初探[J].法制与社会,2010(10):1-2.
[16]MACNEIL I R.Contracts:Adjustment of Long-Term Economic Relations Under Classical,Neoclassical and Relational Contract Law[J].Northwestern University Law Review,1978,72(6):854-905.
[17]韦革.中国转型期家族企业成长的制度分析[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2009.
[18]MACNEIL I R.Relational contracts theory:challenges and queries[J].Northwestern University Law Review,2000(3):877-907.
[19]王颖,王方华.关系治理中关系规范的形成及治理机理研究[J].软科学,2007(2):67-70.
[20]李敏,李良智.关系治理研究述评[J].当代财经,2012(12):86-91.
[21]MACAULEY S.Non-contractual Relations in Business:A Preliminary Study[J].American Sociological Review,1963,28:55-67.
[22]LARSON A.Network Dyads in Entrepreneurial Settings:A Study of the Governance of Exchange Relationships[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1992,37(1):76-104.
[23]POPPO L,ZENGER T.Do formal contracts and relational governance function as substitutes or complements?[J].Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(8):707-725.
[24]CARSON S J,MADHOK A,WU T.Uncertainty,Opportunism,and Governance:The Effects of Volatility and Ambiguity on Formal and Relational Contracting[J].Academy of Management Journal,2006,49(5):1 058-1 077.
[25]严玲,史志成,严敏,邓娇娇.公共项目契约治理与关系治理:替代还是互补?[J].土木工程学报,2016,49(11):115-128.
[26]孙华,魏康宁,丁荣贵.“互补”还是“替代”?——关系治理、正式治理与项目绩效[J].山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015(6):111-121.
[27]GHOSHAL S,MORAN P.Bad for Practice:A Critique of the Transaction Cost Theory[J].Academy of Management Review,1996,21(1):13-47.
[28]梁建,王重鸣.中国背景下的人际关系及其对组织绩效的影响[J].心理学动态,2001(2):173-178.
[29]李娜.关系导向型CEO领导行为对员工态度、组织绩效的影响:雇佣关系氛围的中介作用[D].南京:南京大学,2014.
[30]佐斌.中国人的关系取向:概念及其测量[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2002,41(1):74-80.
[31]黄光国,胡先缙.人情与面子——中国人的权力游戏[J].领导文萃,2005(4):38-39.
[32]费孝通.乡土中国[M].北京:人民出版社,2008.10:25-34.
[33]韩伟.所谓中国人无契约精神系误读[N].人民法院报,2014-01-10(005).
[34]聂勇浩,颜海娜.关系合约视角的部门间合作:以食品安全监管为例[J].社会科学,2009(11):13-20.
[35]衡朝阳.企业合作竞争研究[J].中央财经大学学报,2004(2):55-57+67.
[36]贾若祥,刘毅.企业合作问题研究[J].北京行政学院学报,2004(5):30-35.
[37]COASE R H.The Nature of the Firm[J].Economica,1937,4(16):386-405.
[38]武宝贵,赵丽洲.产业集群企业间竞争合作博弈研究[J].北方经贸,2016(10):63-64+80.
[39]金碚.《企业纵向关系论》评介[J].中国工业经济,2005(7):127-127.
(1)本案例引用自罗家徳《中国商道》,社会科学文献出版社,2011年。
(1)本案例引用自罗家徳《中国商道》,社会科学文献出版社,2011年。
[2]李章森.企业“关系”治理结构与测量:中国本土文化背景下的研究[D].南昌:江西财经大学,2016.
[3]SUNDARAMURTHY C,LEWIS M.Control and Collaboration:Paradoxes of Governance[J].Academy of Management Review,2003,28(3):397-415.
[4]ELVIN M.The pattern of the Chinese past[M].California:Stanford University Press,1973.
[5]陈伟光,王燕.共建“一带一路”:基于关系治理与规则治理的分析框架[J].世界经济与政治,2016(6):93-112+158-159.
[6]李新春,陈灿.家族企业的关系治理:一个探索性研究[J].中山大学学报(社会科学版),2005,45(6):107-115.
[7]雷丁.海外华人企业家的管理思想:文化背景与风格[M].上海:上海三联书店,1993.
[8]孙元欣,于茂荐.关系契约理论研究述评[J].学术交流,2010(8):117-123.
[9]袁静,毛蕴诗.产业链纵向交易的契约治理与关系治理的实证研究[J].学术研究,2011(3):59-67.
[10]WILLIAMSON O E.Transaction Cost Economics Organization Theory[M]//SMELSER N J,SWEDBERG R.Handbook of Economic Sociology.Princeton:Princeton University Press,1996.
[11]MESQUITA L F,BRUSH T H.Untangling Safeguard and Production Coordination Effects in Long-Term Buyer-Supplier Relationships[J].Academy of Management Journal,2008,51(4):785-807.
[12]杨德勇,郑建明.契约治理的内在逻辑、内生演进与三大扩展[J].国际贸易问题,2010(1):124-128.
[13]BERNHEIM B D,WHINSTON M D.Incomplete Contracts and Strategic Ambiguity[J].American Economic Review,1998,88(88):902-932.
[14]埃里·克弗鲁博顿.新制度经济学一个交易费用的分析范式[M].上海:上海三联书店,上海人民出版社,2006:186-220.
[15]谢皓,易承光.关系契约理论初探[J].法制与社会,2010(10):1-2.
[16]MACNEIL I R.Contracts:Adjustment of Long-Term Economic Relations Under Classical,Neoclassical and Relational Contract Law[J].Northwestern University Law Review,1978,72(6):854-905.
[17]韦革.中国转型期家族企业成长的制度分析[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2009.
[18]MACNEIL I R.Relational contracts theory:challenges and queries[J].Northwestern University Law Review,2000(3):877-907.
[19]王颖,王方华.关系治理中关系规范的形成及治理机理研究[J].软科学,2007(2):67-70.
[20]李敏,李良智.关系治理研究述评[J].当代财经,2012(12):86-91.
[21]MACAULEY S.Non-contractual Relations in Business:A Preliminary Study[J].American Sociological Review,1963,28:55-67.
[22]LARSON A.Network Dyads in Entrepreneurial Settings:A Study of the Governance of Exchange Relationships[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1992,37(1):76-104.
[23]POPPO L,ZENGER T.Do formal contracts and relational governance function as substitutes or complements?[J].Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(8):707-725.
[24]CARSON S J,MADHOK A,WU T.Uncertainty,Opportunism,and Governance:The Effects of Volatility and Ambiguity on Formal and Relational Contracting[J].Academy of Management Journal,2006,49(5):1 058-1 077.
[25]严玲,史志成,严敏,邓娇娇.公共项目契约治理与关系治理:替代还是互补?[J].土木工程学报,2016,49(11):115-128.
[26]孙华,魏康宁,丁荣贵.“互补”还是“替代”?——关系治理、正式治理与项目绩效[J].山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015(6):111-121.
[27]GHOSHAL S,MORAN P.Bad for Practice:A Critique of the Transaction Cost Theory[J].Academy of Management Review,1996,21(1):13-47.
[28]梁建,王重鸣.中国背景下的人际关系及其对组织绩效的影响[J].心理学动态,2001(2):173-178.
[29]李娜.关系导向型CEO领导行为对员工态度、组织绩效的影响:雇佣关系氛围的中介作用[D].南京:南京大学,2014.
[30]佐斌.中国人的关系取向:概念及其测量[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2002,41(1):74-80.
[31]黄光国,胡先缙.人情与面子——中国人的权力游戏[J].领导文萃,2005(4):38-39.
[32]费孝通.乡土中国[M].北京:人民出版社,2008.10:25-34.
[33]韩伟.所谓中国人无契约精神系误读[N].人民法院报,2014-01-10(005).
[34]聂勇浩,颜海娜.关系合约视角的部门间合作:以食品安全监管为例[J].社会科学,2009(11):13-20.
[35]衡朝阳.企业合作竞争研究[J].中央财经大学学报,2004(2):55-57+67.
[36]贾若祥,刘毅.企业合作问题研究[J].北京行政学院学报,2004(5):30-35.
[37]COASE R H.The Nature of the Firm[J].Economica,1937,4(16):386-405.
[38]武宝贵,赵丽洲.产业集群企业间竞争合作博弈研究[J].北方经贸,2016(10):63-64+80.
[39]金碚.《企业纵向关系论》评介[J].中国工业经济,2005(7):127-127.
(1)本案例引用自罗家徳《中国商道》,社会科学文献出版社,2011年。
(1)本案例引用自罗家徳《中国商道》,社会科学文献出版社,2011年。