基于马尔可夫链的IEEE 802.15.4网络防丢包信道访问机制研究
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摘要
为了降低IEEE 802. 15. 4MAC层数据帧丢包率,在分析丢包率的原因基础上,提出了一种基于Markov链的信道竞争机制模型。通过对网络发送、退避和信道检测状态的稳态概率进行数学推导,研究了信道碰撞和数据帧的丢包率分析式,研究了参数数据包到达速率、节点数量、误码率、后退指数、后退等待次数对碰撞概率和丢包率的影响。实验结果表明,与节点无休眠态的IEEE 802. 15. 4网络相比,节点丢包率平均降低了23. 7%,模型较好地描述了提出的MAC层信道访问机制,合理的网络参数设置能够优化数据帧丢包率,研究结果对无线传感网的应用提供了可靠传输优化参考。
In order to reduce the packet lost rate in 802.15.4 MAC layer,this paper raised a model of channel competition mechanism based on Markov chain by analyzing the reason of packet loss rate. Then,throught the mathematical derivations of the steady-state probability on the network transmission,backoff and the channel detection state based on the model of channel access,this paper discussed the formulas of channel collision and the frame packet lost rate. Finally,this paper studied the impact of protocol parameters such as packet arrival rate,the number of nodes,bit error rate,backoff exponent,and number of backoffs on the collision probability and the packet lost rate. Experimental results show that,compared with IEEE 802. 15.4 network without node sleep state,the packet lost rate is reduced by 23. 7%. And the model describes the MAC layer channel access mechanism very well,and reasonable settings for parameters can optimize the frame packet lost rate. The research outcome can provide reference for the reliable transmission optimization in the practical application of wireless sensor network.
In order to reduce the packet lost rate in 802.15.4 MAC layer,this paper raised a model of channel competition mechanism based on Markov chain by analyzing the reason of packet loss rate. Then,throught the mathematical derivations of the steady-state probability on the network transmission,backoff and the channel detection state based on the model of channel access,this paper discussed the formulas of channel collision and the frame packet lost rate. Finally,this paper studied the impact of protocol parameters such as packet arrival rate,the number of nodes,bit error rate,backoff exponent,and number of backoffs on the collision probability and the packet lost rate. Experimental results show that,compared with IEEE 802. 15.4 network without node sleep state,the packet lost rate is reduced by 23. 7%. And the model describes the MAC layer channel access mechanism very well,and reasonable settings for parameters can optimize the frame packet lost rate. The research outcome can provide reference for the reliable transmission optimization in the practical application of wireless sensor network.
引文
[1] Ramachandran I,Das A K,Roy S. Analysis of the contention accessperiod of IEEE 802. 15. 4 MAC[J]. ACM Trans on Sensor Net-works,2007,3(1):4:1-4:22.
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[8] Prasad Y R V,Pachamuthu R. Analytical model of adaptive CSMA-CA MAC for reliable and timely clustered wireless multi-hop commu-nication[C]//Proc of IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things. Pis-cataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2014:212-217.
[9] Hussein O,Sadek N M,Elnoubi S,et al. Analytical model of multi-hop IEEE 802. 15. 4 with unslotted CA/CSMA[J]. InternationalJournal of Computer and Communication Engineering,2014,3(3):226-230.
[10]Du Wan,Navarro D,Mieyeville F. Performance evaluation of IEEE802. 15. 4 sensor networks in industrial applications[J]. Internation-al Journal of Communication,2015,28(10):1657-1674.
[11]程宏斌,王晓喃,梁伟,等.启用节点睡眠态的6LoWPAN网络节能研究[J].计算机工程与科学,2012,34(10):53-56.(ChengHongbin,Wang Xiaonan,Liang Wei,et al. Study on energy savingfor 6LoWPAN based on enable node sleep state[J]. Computer Engi-neering&Science,2012,34(10):53-56.)
[12]Kim T O,Baek S,Choi B D. Performance analysis of IEEE 802. 15. 4superfame structure with the inactive period[J]. Performance Eva-luation,2016,106(12):50-69.
[13]Patel N R,Kumar S. Enhanced clear channel assessment for slottedCSMA/CA in IEEE 802. 15. 4[J]. Wireless Personal Communi-cations,2017,95(4):4063-4081.
[14]Park P,Di Marco P,Fischione C,et al. Modeling and optimizationof the IEEE 802. 15. 4 protocol for reliable and timely communications[J]. IEEE Trans on Parallel and Distributed Systems,2013,24(3):550-564.
[2] Wen Hao,Lin Chuang,Chen Zhijia,et al. An improved Markovmodel for IEEE 802. 15. 4 slotted CSMA/CA mechanism[J]. Jour-nal of Computer Science and Technology,2009,24(3):495-504.
[3]陆阳,方梅,官骏鸣,等.非饱和态IEEE 802. 15. 4网络吞吐量建模分析[J].系统仿真学报,2010,22(4):1037-1041.(Lu Yang,Fang Mei,Guan Junming,et al. Throughput analysis of IEEE 802.15. 4 networks working on non-saturation situation[J]. Journal ofSystem Simulation,2010,22(4):1037-1041.)
[4] Park P,Ergen S C,Fischione C,et al. Duty-cycle optimization forIEEE 802. 15. 4 wireless sensor networks[J]. ACM Trans on Sen-sor Networks,2013,10(1):12:1-12:32.
[5]程远,张源,高西奇.差错信道下无线局域网丢包率性能分析[J].通信学报,2007,28(5):126-131.(Cheng Yuan,Zhang Yuan,GaoXiqi. Performance analysis of packet dropping probability under error-prone channel in WLAN[J]. Journal on Communications,2007,28(5):126-131.)
[6]李志华,连彬,魏忠诚,等.无线传感器网络能效和延时性能分析[J].计算机应用研究,2014,31(8):2473-2476.(Li Zhihua,LianBin,Wei Zhongcheng,et al. Energy efficiency and delay analysis inwireless sensor network[J]. Application Research of Computers,2014,31(8):2473-2476.)
[7]周祥云,钱慧,余轮.低丢包率无线传感器网络S-MAC协议的研究[J].计算机科学,2011,38(10A):367-369.(Zhou Xiangyun,Qian Hui,Yu Lun. Improvement of less packet loss S-MAC protocolfor wireless sensor networks[J]. Computer Science,2011,38(10A):367-369.)
[8] Prasad Y R V,Pachamuthu R. Analytical model of adaptive CSMA-CA MAC for reliable and timely clustered wireless multi-hop commu-nication[C]//Proc of IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things. Pis-cataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2014:212-217.
[9] Hussein O,Sadek N M,Elnoubi S,et al. Analytical model of multi-hop IEEE 802. 15. 4 with unslotted CA/CSMA[J]. InternationalJournal of Computer and Communication Engineering,2014,3(3):226-230.
[10]Du Wan,Navarro D,Mieyeville F. Performance evaluation of IEEE802. 15. 4 sensor networks in industrial applications[J]. Internation-al Journal of Communication,2015,28(10):1657-1674.
[11]程宏斌,王晓喃,梁伟,等.启用节点睡眠态的6LoWPAN网络节能研究[J].计算机工程与科学,2012,34(10):53-56.(ChengHongbin,Wang Xiaonan,Liang Wei,et al. Study on energy savingfor 6LoWPAN based on enable node sleep state[J]. Computer Engi-neering&Science,2012,34(10):53-56.)
[12]Kim T O,Baek S,Choi B D. Performance analysis of IEEE 802. 15. 4superfame structure with the inactive period[J]. Performance Eva-luation,2016,106(12):50-69.
[13]Patel N R,Kumar S. Enhanced clear channel assessment for slottedCSMA/CA in IEEE 802. 15. 4[J]. Wireless Personal Communi-cations,2017,95(4):4063-4081.
[14]Park P,Di Marco P,Fischione C,et al. Modeling and optimizationof the IEEE 802. 15. 4 protocol for reliable and timely communications[J]. IEEE Trans on Parallel and Distributed Systems,2013,24(3):550-564.