早期溢流及漏失的新型及时高精度监测计量系统
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摘要
溢流和漏失是影响油气钻井施工安全的最为严重的两种复杂情况,常用的溢流和漏失监测方法存在着监测不及时、溢流漏失总量计量精度低的缺陷,有可能因为发现不及时或者处理不当而造成井塌、卡钻、井喷等复杂事故。为此,在对比分析钻井现场常用的几种溢流和漏失监测方法的基础上,设计出了一种具备早期监测报警、溢流漏失速度和漏失总量计量以及自动灌浆功能的新型溢流漏失监测计量系统,并通过室内实验验证了该系统的可靠性。研究结果表明:(1)该系统的监测罐被分割为主、副两个腔室,井筒返出钻井液一部分通过主腔室返回振动筛,另一部分溢流进入副腔室;(2)副腔室内部横截面积小,大大提高了液位变化反应的灵敏度,能够更加及时地发现溢流和漏失;(3)主腔室出口管线水头保持不变,出口流量稳定,通过副腔室内液位的变化可以定量地计算溢流漏失速度和溢流漏失总量,溢流漏失速度监测误差小于8%;(4)起钻过程中,监测罐内钻井液在自重作用下进入井筒,可以始终保持井筒满液位,消除了灌浆不及时和灌浆不满的不良现象。结论认为,新型溢流漏失监测系统可以有效地发挥地面测量优势,报警及时准确且经济实用。
Kick and loss are two complicated incidents that affect the construction safety in oil and gas well drilling. The commonly-used kick/loss monitoring methods are disadvantageous with monitoring lag and low metering precision, which may cause well collapse, pipe sticking and well blowouts due to untimely detection and improper treatment. In this paper, a new type of kick/loss monitoring and metering system was designed based upon a comparative analysis of several kick/loss monitoring methods commonly used on rig sites. This new system has the functions of early monitoring and alarm, kick/loss velocity metering, total loss metering and automatic filling, and its feasibility was verified through laboratory experiments. And the following research results were obtained. First, the monitoring tank of this new system is divided into two chambers, i.e., a main chamber and a secondary chamber. The return of drilling fluid partially flows back to the shale shaker through the main chamber, and the rest overflows into the secondary chamber. Second, the internal cross section area of the secondary chamber is small, which increases the response sensitivity to liquid level change, so kick/loss can be detected in time. Third, the water head of the outlet pipeline of the main chamber remains constant and the outlet flow is stable, so kick/loss velocity and total kick/loss can be calculated quantitatively based on the change of liquid level in the secondary chamber. And the monitoring error of kick/loss velocity is less than 8%. Fourth, in the process of tripping out, the drilling fluid in the monitoring tank flows into the wellbore under the action of self weight to keep the full liquid level of the wellbore all the time. As a result, lagged filling and partial filling are eliminated. In conclusion, this new kick/loss monitoring system is economical and practical, and giving a full play to the advantages of ground survey and alarm timely and accurately.
Kick and loss are two complicated incidents that affect the construction safety in oil and gas well drilling. The commonly-used kick/loss monitoring methods are disadvantageous with monitoring lag and low metering precision, which may cause well collapse, pipe sticking and well blowouts due to untimely detection and improper treatment. In this paper, a new type of kick/loss monitoring and metering system was designed based upon a comparative analysis of several kick/loss monitoring methods commonly used on rig sites. This new system has the functions of early monitoring and alarm, kick/loss velocity metering, total loss metering and automatic filling, and its feasibility was verified through laboratory experiments. And the following research results were obtained. First, the monitoring tank of this new system is divided into two chambers, i.e., a main chamber and a secondary chamber. The return of drilling fluid partially flows back to the shale shaker through the main chamber, and the rest overflows into the secondary chamber. Second, the internal cross section area of the secondary chamber is small, which increases the response sensitivity to liquid level change, so kick/loss can be detected in time. Third, the water head of the outlet pipeline of the main chamber remains constant and the outlet flow is stable, so kick/loss velocity and total kick/loss can be calculated quantitatively based on the change of liquid level in the secondary chamber. And the monitoring error of kick/loss velocity is less than 8%. Fourth, in the process of tripping out, the drilling fluid in the monitoring tank flows into the wellbore under the action of self weight to keep the full liquid level of the wellbore all the time. As a result, lagged filling and partial filling are eliminated. In conclusion, this new kick/loss monitoring system is economical and practical, and giving a full play to the advantages of ground survey and alarm timely and accurately.
引文
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[12]徐吉,吴艳,许婧,吕健,孙大勇,凌冀.微流量精细控压钻井技术在冀东油田的研究与应用[J].钻采工艺,2016,39(6):21-25.Xu Ji,Wu Yan,Xu Jing,LüJian,Sun Dayong&Ling Ji.Research and application of micro-flux MPD technology used in Jidong oilfield[J].Drilling&Production technology,2016,39(6):21-25.
[13]孙甫南.用关基井随钻综合录井曲线判断溢流信息[J].天然气工业,1986,6(4):50-54.Sun Funan.Judging overflow information by composite log curves while drilling in Guan Key Well[J].Natural Gas Industry,1986,6(4):50-54.
[14]李治伟.塔里木井控装备配套技术研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2011.Li Zhiwei.Research on matching technology of well controlled equipment in Tarim[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2011.
[15]孙合辉,李邓玥,黄汉军,李艳,陶青龙,傅星.等.出口流量监测技术在溢流预警方面的应用研究[J].录井工程,2014,25(4):59-62.Sun Hehui,Li Dengyue,Huang Hanjun,Li Yan,Tao Qinglong,Fu Xing,et al.Applied research of outlet flow monitoring technique for warning overflow[J].Mud Logging Engineering,2014,25(4):59-62.
[16]于华云,余泽禹.基于趋势线的钻井工程异常预警方法[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2015,12(31):47-50.Yu Huayun&Yu Zeyu.The abnormal prewarning method of drilling engineering based on the trend line[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2015,12(31):47-50.
[17]王志浩.随钻钻井液流量定量检测系统[D].济南:山东大学,2016.Wang Zhihao.Quantitative detection system of drilling fluid's flow[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2016.
[18]Schubert JJ&Wright JC.Early kick detection through liquid level monitoring in the wellbore[C]//IADC/SPE Drilling Conference,3-6 March 1998,Dallas,Texas,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/39400-MS.
[19]韩军伟,杨红满,张军阳.精确发现溢流研究及在西北工区现场应用[J].录井工程,2017,28(3):69-74.Han Junwei,Yang Hongman&Zhang Junyang.Study of accurate discovery of overflow and field application in Northwest work area[J].Mud Logging Engineering,2017,28(3):69-74.
[20]Nas S.Kick detection and well control in a closed wellbore[C]//IADC/SPE Managed Pressure Drilling and Underbalanced Operations Conference&Exhibition,5-6 April 2011,Denver,Colorado,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/143099-MS.
[21]刘寿军.钻井液液面监测与自动灌浆装置的研制[J].石油机械,2006,34(2):29-30.Liu Shoujun.Development of device for drilling fluid level detection and automatic grout system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2006,34(2):29-30.
[2]杨天方,何正楷,魏振林,宋学华.综合录井井控监测技术应用现状及发展思考[J].录井工程,2014,25(2):7-11.Yang Tianfang,He Zhengkai,Wei Zhenlin&Song Xuehua.Application and development for well control monitoring technique of comprehensive mud logging technology[J].Mud Logging Engineering,2014,25(2):7-11.
[3]吴志均,陈刚,郎淑敏,龙滨,王勇,李伟.天然气钻井井控技术的发展[J].石油钻采工艺,2010,32(5):56-60.Wu Zhijun,Chen Gang,Lang Shumin,Long Bin,Wang Yong&Li Wei.The development of the well control technique in natural gas drilling[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2010,32(5):56-60.
[4]曾凌翔,李黔,梁海波,孙凯,代峰.控制压力钻井技术与微流量控制钻井技术的对比[J].天然气工业,2011,31(2):82-84.Zeng Lingxiang,Li Qian,Liang Haibo,Sun Kai&Dai Feng.Comparison between managed pressure drilling(MPD)and micro-flux control(MFC)drilling[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(2):82-84.
[5]雒洋洋.早期溢流漏失地面监测诊断系统研究与设计[D].成都:西南石油大学,2014.Luo Yangyang.Research and design for early kick lost monitoring and diagnosis system[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2014.
[6]陈平,马天寿.深水钻井溢流早期监测技术研究现状[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):602-612.Chen Ping&Ma Tianshou.Research status of early monitoring technology for deepwater drilling overflow[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):602-612.
[7]许玉强,管志川,庞华,刘书杰,许传斌,张洪宁,等.深水钻井最大允许气侵溢流量的计算方法[J].天然气工业,2016,36(7):74-80.Xu Yuqiang,Guan Zhichuan,Pang Hua,Liu Shujie,Xu Chuanbin,Zhang Hongning,et al.A calculation method of the maximum allowable gas invasion overflow in deepwater drilling[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(7):74-80.
[8]金业权,李成,吴谦.深水钻井井涌余量计算方法及压井方法选择[J].天然气工业,2016,36(7):68-73.Jin Yequan,Li Cheng&Wu Qian.Methodology for kick tolerance calculation and well killing in deepwater drilling[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(7):68-73.
[9]栾石柱.基于巴歇尔槽的早期溢流检测系统的研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2014.Luan Shizhu.Research on early kick detection system based on parshall flume[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2014.
[10]任美鹏,李相方,徐大融,张兴全.一种提高钻井液返出流量测量灵敏度的方法[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(1):160-167.Ren Meipeng,Li Xiangfang,Xu Darong&Zhang Xingquan.Amethod of improving measurement sensitivity of return drilling mud flow rate[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2013,35(1):160-167.
[11]刘福,刘江华,纪洪波,张继军,张硕.早期井涌井漏监测系统的设计与应用[J].录井工程,2016,27(4):60-63.Liu Fu,Liu Jianghua,Ji Hongbo,Zhang Jijun&Zhang Shuo.Design and application for early well kick and lost circulation monitoring system[J].Mud Logging Engineering,2016,27(4):60-63.
[12]徐吉,吴艳,许婧,吕健,孙大勇,凌冀.微流量精细控压钻井技术在冀东油田的研究与应用[J].钻采工艺,2016,39(6):21-25.Xu Ji,Wu Yan,Xu Jing,LüJian,Sun Dayong&Ling Ji.Research and application of micro-flux MPD technology used in Jidong oilfield[J].Drilling&Production technology,2016,39(6):21-25.
[13]孙甫南.用关基井随钻综合录井曲线判断溢流信息[J].天然气工业,1986,6(4):50-54.Sun Funan.Judging overflow information by composite log curves while drilling in Guan Key Well[J].Natural Gas Industry,1986,6(4):50-54.
[14]李治伟.塔里木井控装备配套技术研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2011.Li Zhiwei.Research on matching technology of well controlled equipment in Tarim[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2011.
[15]孙合辉,李邓玥,黄汉军,李艳,陶青龙,傅星.等.出口流量监测技术在溢流预警方面的应用研究[J].录井工程,2014,25(4):59-62.Sun Hehui,Li Dengyue,Huang Hanjun,Li Yan,Tao Qinglong,Fu Xing,et al.Applied research of outlet flow monitoring technique for warning overflow[J].Mud Logging Engineering,2014,25(4):59-62.
[16]于华云,余泽禹.基于趋势线的钻井工程异常预警方法[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2015,12(31):47-50.Yu Huayun&Yu Zeyu.The abnormal prewarning method of drilling engineering based on the trend line[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2015,12(31):47-50.
[17]王志浩.随钻钻井液流量定量检测系统[D].济南:山东大学,2016.Wang Zhihao.Quantitative detection system of drilling fluid's flow[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2016.
[18]Schubert JJ&Wright JC.Early kick detection through liquid level monitoring in the wellbore[C]//IADC/SPE Drilling Conference,3-6 March 1998,Dallas,Texas,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/39400-MS.
[19]韩军伟,杨红满,张军阳.精确发现溢流研究及在西北工区现场应用[J].录井工程,2017,28(3):69-74.Han Junwei,Yang Hongman&Zhang Junyang.Study of accurate discovery of overflow and field application in Northwest work area[J].Mud Logging Engineering,2017,28(3):69-74.
[20]Nas S.Kick detection and well control in a closed wellbore[C]//IADC/SPE Managed Pressure Drilling and Underbalanced Operations Conference&Exhibition,5-6 April 2011,Denver,Colorado,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/143099-MS.
[21]刘寿军.钻井液液面监测与自动灌浆装置的研制[J].石油机械,2006,34(2):29-30.Liu Shoujun.Development of device for drilling fluid level detection and automatic grout system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2006,34(2):29-30.