施钾对百日草生长和开花的影响
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摘要
百日草广泛应用于园林绿化,面对我国钾素资源短缺的问题,必需明确百日草的最佳施钾量,提高钾素利用效率。通过盆栽试验研究不同供钾处理(0 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、300 mg/kg和400 mg/kg)对百日草生长和开花的影响。结果表明:施钾有利于提高百日草的株高、叶片数、地上干重、根干重,开花数和花直径,这些指标均随施钾水平的升高呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,且均为钾处理300 mg/kg时最高,400mg/kg钾处理时指标有所降低,但仍高于对照。该试验条件下,300 mg/kg钾处理的百日草生长和开花最好,是百日草的最适施钾水平,该结果为百日草栽培过程中钾肥的合理施用提供理论依据。
Zinnia elegans is widely used in landscaping. Confronting potassium( K) resource shortage in China,it is necessary to clarify the optimum amount of potassium application and improve potassium utilization efficiency. This paper studied the effects of different potassium application treatments( 0 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg,300 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) on growth and bloom of Zinnia elegans by pot experiments,so as to provide theoretical basis for the rational application of potassium fertilizer in the cultivation process of Zinnia elegans. The results indicated that potassium application was beneficial for increasing plant height,leaf number,shoot dry weight,root dry weight,number of flowers and flower diameter. All these indexes showed a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing with the potassium level rising. When the potassium level was 300 mg/kg,these indexes reached the highest level,then declined at 400 mg/kg,but still higher than those of the control. Under this experiment condition,300 mg/kg was the most appropriate potassium level to Zinnia elegans for its growth and bloom.
Zinnia elegans is widely used in landscaping. Confronting potassium( K) resource shortage in China,it is necessary to clarify the optimum amount of potassium application and improve potassium utilization efficiency. This paper studied the effects of different potassium application treatments( 0 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg,300 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) on growth and bloom of Zinnia elegans by pot experiments,so as to provide theoretical basis for the rational application of potassium fertilizer in the cultivation process of Zinnia elegans. The results indicated that potassium application was beneficial for increasing plant height,leaf number,shoot dry weight,root dry weight,number of flowers and flower diameter. All these indexes showed a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing with the potassium level rising. When the potassium level was 300 mg/kg,these indexes reached the highest level,then declined at 400 mg/kg,but still higher than those of the control. Under this experiment condition,300 mg/kg was the most appropriate potassium level to Zinnia elegans for its growth and bloom.
引文
[1]孙小花,谢亚萍,牛俊义,等.不同施钾水平对胡麻钾素营养转运分配及产量的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(4):30-38.Sun X H, Xie Y P, Niu J J, et al.. Effects of different potassium levels on the distribution and yield of potassium hump[J]. Acta Agrestia. Sin.,2015,24(4):30-38.
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[11]栾添,杨秀珍,李惠,等.钾营养水平对大花蕙兰小苗生长及养分吸收的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(04):103-107.Luan T,Yang X Z,Li H,et al.. Effects of potassium levels on growth and nutrient absorption of Cymbidium seedling[J]. J.China Agric. U.,2014,19(04):103-107.
[12]胡妙,秦美姣,李娟,等.百日草属EST-SSR信息分析及其雄性不育两用系鉴别引物筛选[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39(5):976-982.Hu M,Qin M J,Li J,et al.. Zinnia elegans is EST-SSR information analysis and male sterile line identification[J].Acta Agric. Univ. Jiangxiensis,2017,39(5):976-982.
[13]徐小玉,张凤银,张铃铃.青霉素对百日草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(5):86-88.Xu X Y,Zhang F Y,Zhang L L,et al.. The effect of penicilin on seed germination and seedling growth[J]. Nor. Hortic.,2015(5):86-88.
[14]潘艳花,马忠明,吕晓东,等.不同供钾水平对西瓜幼苗生长和根系形态的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(5):536-541.Pan Y H,Ma Z M,Lu X D, et al.. Effects of different potassium levels on growth and root morphology of watermelon seedlings[J].China J. Eco.-Agric.,2012,20(5):536-541.
[15]徐云,陈仲英,杜光辉,等.钾营养对大麻生长及钾肥吸收与利用效率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(27):132-136.Xu Y, Chen Z Y, Du G H, et al.. Effects of potassium nutrition growth and potassium uptake and utilization efficiency of hemp[J]. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull.,2015,31(27):132-136.
[16]陈际型.钾素营养对水稻根系生长和养分吸收的影响[J].土壤学报,1997,34(2):182-188.Chen J X. Effects of potassium nutrition on root growth and nutrient uptake in rice[J]. Acta Pedol. Sin.,1997,34(2):182-188.
[17]常丽新.不同浓度钾对金盏菊生长发育的影响[J].河北林果研究,2000,15(1):75-78.Chang L X. The effect of different potassium concentration on Calendula officinalis plants growth and development[J]. Hebei J. Forest. Orchard Res.,2000,15(1):75-78.
[18]苗琪,丁园园,江杰,等.供钾水平对小白菜同化物及钾素分配的影响[J].北方园艺,2017(16):121-127.Miao Q,Ding Y Y,Jiang J,et al.. The effect of potassium level on the distribution of Chinese cabbage with compound and potassium[J]. North. Horticul.,2017(16):121-127.
[2]赵永平,钟娇娇,朱亚,等.不同供钾水平对金盏花光合特性和根系形态形成的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(6):1304-1308.Zhao Y P,Zhong J J,Zhu Y,et al.. Effects of different potussium levels on photosynthetic characteristics and root morphology of calendula[J]. Southwest China J. Agric. Sci.,2017,30(6):1304-1308.
[3]陆志峰,任涛,鲁剑巍,等.缺钾油菜叶片光合速率下降的主导因子及其机理[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):122-131.Lu Z F,Ren T,Lu J W,et al.. The leading factor and mechanism of photosynthetic rate decrease in the leaves of potassium rape seed[J]. Plant Nutr. Fert. Sci.,2016,22(1):122-131.
[4]张志勇,王清连,李召虎,等.缺钾对棉花幼苗根系生长的影响及其生理机制[J].作物学报,2009,35(4):718-723.Zhang Z Y,Wang Q L,Li Z H,et al.. Effect of potassium deficiency on root growth of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)seedling and its physiological mechanisms involved[J]. Acta Agron. Sin.,2009,35(4):718-723.
[5]李波,张吉旺,靳立斌,等.施钾量对高产夏玉米产量和钾素利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(4):832-838.Li B,Zhang J W,Jin L B,et al.. Effects of K fertilization on yield,K use efficiency of summer maize under high yield conditions[J]. Plant Nutr. Fert. Sci.,2012,18(4):832-838.
[6]张凡,睢宁,余超然,等.小麦秸秆还田和施钾对棉花产量与养分吸收的效应[J].作物学报,2014,40(12):2169-2175.Zhang F, Sui N, Yu C R, et al.. Effects of wheat straw mulching and potassium applied on cotton yield and nutrient absorption[J]. Acta Agron. Sin.,2014,40(12):2169-2175.
[7]张永清,毕润成,庞春花,等.不同品种春小麦根系对低钾胁迫的生物学响应[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(6):1190-1194.Zhang Y Q,Bi R C,Pang C H,et al.. Biological response of root system of different species of spring wheat to low potassium stress[J]. Acta Bot. Bor.-Occid. Sin.,2006,26(6):1190-1194.
[8]马强,宇万太,周桦,等.不同水肥条件对大豆产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2009(6):1311-1315.Ma Q,Yu W T,Zhou H,et al.. Effects of different waer and fertilizer condition on soybean yield[J]. China J. Soil Sci.,2009(6):1311-1315.
[9]王再花,朱根发,操君喜,等.不同N、P、K水平施肥对春石斛营养生长和开花的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(16):248-254.Wang Z H,Zhu Y F,Cao J X,et al.. Effects of different N P K levels on nutrion growth and flowering of Dendrobium[J].China Agric. Sci. Bull.,2011,27(16):248-254.
[10]韦海忠,潘丽芹,杜梦青,等.不同浓度钾素和光照时数对水仙生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(8):71-73.Wei H Z,Pan L Q,Du M Q,et al.. Effects of different concentrations of potassium and light on the growth of Narcissus[J]. Nor. Horticul.,2014(8):71-73.
[11]栾添,杨秀珍,李惠,等.钾营养水平对大花蕙兰小苗生长及养分吸收的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(04):103-107.Luan T,Yang X Z,Li H,et al.. Effects of potassium levels on growth and nutrient absorption of Cymbidium seedling[J]. J.China Agric. U.,2014,19(04):103-107.
[12]胡妙,秦美姣,李娟,等.百日草属EST-SSR信息分析及其雄性不育两用系鉴别引物筛选[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39(5):976-982.Hu M,Qin M J,Li J,et al.. Zinnia elegans is EST-SSR information analysis and male sterile line identification[J].Acta Agric. Univ. Jiangxiensis,2017,39(5):976-982.
[13]徐小玉,张凤银,张铃铃.青霉素对百日草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(5):86-88.Xu X Y,Zhang F Y,Zhang L L,et al.. The effect of penicilin on seed germination and seedling growth[J]. Nor. Hortic.,2015(5):86-88.
[14]潘艳花,马忠明,吕晓东,等.不同供钾水平对西瓜幼苗生长和根系形态的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(5):536-541.Pan Y H,Ma Z M,Lu X D, et al.. Effects of different potassium levels on growth and root morphology of watermelon seedlings[J].China J. Eco.-Agric.,2012,20(5):536-541.
[15]徐云,陈仲英,杜光辉,等.钾营养对大麻生长及钾肥吸收与利用效率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(27):132-136.Xu Y, Chen Z Y, Du G H, et al.. Effects of potassium nutrition growth and potassium uptake and utilization efficiency of hemp[J]. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull.,2015,31(27):132-136.
[16]陈际型.钾素营养对水稻根系生长和养分吸收的影响[J].土壤学报,1997,34(2):182-188.Chen J X. Effects of potassium nutrition on root growth and nutrient uptake in rice[J]. Acta Pedol. Sin.,1997,34(2):182-188.
[17]常丽新.不同浓度钾对金盏菊生长发育的影响[J].河北林果研究,2000,15(1):75-78.Chang L X. The effect of different potassium concentration on Calendula officinalis plants growth and development[J]. Hebei J. Forest. Orchard Res.,2000,15(1):75-78.
[18]苗琪,丁园园,江杰,等.供钾水平对小白菜同化物及钾素分配的影响[J].北方园艺,2017(16):121-127.Miao Q,Ding Y Y,Jiang J,et al.. The effect of potassium level on the distribution of Chinese cabbage with compound and potassium[J]. North. Horticul.,2017(16):121-127.